A method that integrates the features of image patches from corneal lesions and conjunctival congestion-like complications is proposed to address the limitations of manual keratitis diagnosis(i.e.,time-consuming,laborious,high subjectivity)and the generally low accuracy of automatic keratitis diagnosis based on original slit-lamp images.Specifically,samples are acquired from the corneal and conjunctival regions.A cost-sensitive convolutional neural network is then used to extract and concatenate the high-level features of these image patches.After dimensionality reduction through principal component analysis,the processed features are input into the fully connected layer for classification.Trained and evaluated on 6414 slit-lamp images collected from Ningbo Eye Hospital,the proposed method achieves accuracies of 97.8%,98.6%,and 97.0%for keratitis,normal cornea,and other abnormal corneas,respectively.This method effectively integrates relevant features and provides a feasible solution for high-accuracy keratitis diagnosis.

Human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）entry inhibitors are important in preventing HIV infection by specifically targeting viral envelope proteins（gp120/gp41）or host receptors（CD4/CCR5/CXCR4）to inhibit HIV entry into host cells. This article systematically reviews the research progress of HIV entry inhibitors in recent years，and some of the novel inhibitors such as Fostemsavir，Ibalizumab，and bifunctional fusion inhibitors（2P23-iMab）have shown better effects in inhibiting multidrug-resistant strains. Although great progress has been made in the research and development of HIV entry inhibitors，there are still a series of challenges including drug resistance，drug limitation，target toxicity，which limit their widespread clinical application. Future research directions should focus on multi-target combination strategies，broad-spectrum neutralizing antibody development，and long-term design. In summary，the analyses on the research progress，challenges and future development directions of HIV entry inhibitors will provide a reference for the further research and development and optimization of HIV entry inhibitors，and then promote the development of AIDS prevention and control.

Human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）entry inhibitors are important in preventing HIV infection by specifically targeting viral envelope proteins（gp120/gp41）or host receptors（CD4/CCR5/CXCR4）to inhibit HIV entry into host cells. This article systematically reviews the research progress of HIV entry inhibitors in recent years，and some of the novel inhibitors such as Fostemsavir，Ibalizumab，and bifunctional fusion inhibitors（2P23-iMab）have shown better effects in inhibiting multidrug-resistant strains. Although great progress has been made in the research and development of HIV entry inhibitors，there are still a series of challenges including drug resistance，drug limitation，target toxicity，which limit their widespread clinical application. Future research directions should focus on multi-target combination strategies，broad-spectrum neutralizing antibody development，and long-term design. In summary，the analyses on the research progress，challenges and future development directions of HIV entry inhibitors will provide a reference for the further research and development and optimization of HIV entry inhibitors，and then promote the development of AIDS prevention and control.

A method that integrates the features of image patches from corneal lesions and conjunctival congestion-like complications is proposed to address the limitations of manual keratitis diagnosis(i.e.,time-consuming,laborious,high subjectivity)and the generally low accuracy of automatic keratitis diagnosis based on original slit-lamp images.Specifically,samples are acquired from the corneal and conjunctival regions.A cost-sensitive convolutional neural network is then used to extract and concatenate the high-level features of these image patches.After dimensionality reduction through principal component analysis,the processed features are input into the fully connected layer for classification.Trained and evaluated on 6414 slit-lamp images collected from Ningbo Eye Hospital,the proposed method achieves accuracies of 97.8%,98.6%,and 97.0%for keratitis,normal cornea,and other abnormal corneas,respectively.This method effectively integrates relevant features and provides a feasible solution for high-accuracy keratitis diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the general regularity and characteristics of the drug-induced edema so as to provide reference for clinical safe medication.METHODS:173 drug-induced edema cases publicly reported in domestic journal from 2001 to 2006 were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:The drug-induced edema was more often seen in males than in females,but not linked to age.It was characterized by early onset,with 76(43.9%)showing edema within 1h.It was chiefly induced vial oral and intravenous routes.The drug-induced edema was caused by 17 drug categories(or 115 kinds),with antibacterials showing the highest percentage(31.2%,54 cases).Laryngeal edema,which occurred in 57 cases,was the chief type among all the edema cases.CONCLUSION:Drug-induced edema is a common adverse drug reaction,which should be given great attention in the clinic,much as in the case of acute laryngeal edema.Clinicians should give close monitoring on patients after medication to guard against possible events.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the vitro dissolution between glimepiride tablets and glimepiride dropping pills.METHODS:In vitro dissolution test was conducted in accordance with the related methods specified in Chinese Pharmacopeia(2005 Edition)with the content of glimepiride determined by UV spectrophotometry.The accumulative dissolution percentages of the two formulations were computed respectively.The dissolution parameters(T50,Td,m,r)were fitted using Weibull equation and the data about the accumulative dissolution percentage were analyzed.RESULTS:There were significant differences between glimepiride tablets and glimepiride dropping pills in dissolution rate(18.70% vs.40.25% at 5 min and 90.32%vs.99.96% at 45 min,P

OBJECTIVE:To probe into rational use of drugs in community medical institutions of our city and to provide reference.METHODS:1106 outpatient prescriptions were collected from 12 community medical institutions in our city.Rational use of drugs was evaluated.RESULTS:There were severe irrational uses of drug in community medical institutions of our city.Especially antibiotics,hormones,vitamins abuse and excessive use of intravenous infusion phenomenon was particularly prominent.CONCLUSION:Community medical institutions should further improve understanding for the importance of rational use of drugs.Clinical pharmacists should enhance knowledge of rational use of drugs and supervision of rational use of drugs.