Objective To mine and analyze signals of acute kidney injury(AKI)related to drugs,comprehensively summarize the potential risk drugs,and provide a reference for clinically safe medication.Methods The AKI reports from January 2004 to September 2023 in the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)were retrieved.Disproportionality methods were used to explore the relationship between drugs and AKI,and demographic information,time to onset,and patient outcomes were analyzed.Results Out of 1 253 drugs,159 were identified as AKI signal drugs.Among these,there were 49 antimicrobial agents(30.82%),including 35 antibiotics and 14 antiviral agents;33 antineoplastic agents(20.75%);and 25 hypotensive agents(15.72%).Drug-related AKI occurred mostly in the elderly,and the male-to-female ratio was 124∶100.The median time to onset for AKI related to antibiotics was≤8 d,with the third quartile≤21 d.Rivaroxaban and aspirin had higher proportions of death reports,with 33.03%and 31.44%respectively.Conclusions A multitude of drugs pose a risk for acute kidney injury,necessitating caution in their clinical application and the implementation of monitoring of renal function.The elderly are a high-risk group for drug-related AKI,and there are more males than females.For antibiotics,the first 21 days are the key monitoring period.For drugs that require long-term use,regular monitoring is necessary.

Aging is a complex physiological process characterized by the impairment of the integrity of many major human body functions, which can induce a variety of diseases. As global aging is worsening, effective interventions are essential to prevent aging-related diseases. In recent years, phytonutrients have attracted much attention as potential anti-aging substances. Phytonutrients refer to secondary or terminal metabolites produced by plants during their metabolism, mainly including plant polysaccharides, polyphenols, carotenoids, and plant sterols and terpenoids, which come from a wide range of sources and have a variety of biological activities. The development of nutritional supplements or drugs based on phytonutrients' anti-aging activity may prevent aging-related diseases and achieve a long and healthy life. Here we review the currently known anti-aging active phytonutrients and the underlying anti-aging mechanisms, involving suppression of oxidative stress, regulation of genes and pathways, immune modulation, regulation of apoptosis, intestinal flora regulation, autophagy regulation, suppression of cell aging, improvement of telomerase activity, and delay of stem cell aging, aiming to promote the discovery of more anti-aging interventions.

Aging is a complex physiological process characterized by the impairment of the integrity of many major human body functions, which can induce a variety of diseases. As global aging is worsening, effective interventions are essential to prevent aging-related diseases. In recent years, phytonutrients have attracted much attention as potential anti-aging substances. Phytonutrients refer to secondary or terminal metabolites produced by plants during their metabolism, mainly including plant polysaccharides, polyphenols, carotenoids, and plant sterols and terpenoids, which come from a wide range of sources and have a variety of biological activities. The development of nutritional supplements or drugs based on phytonutrients' anti-aging activity may prevent aging-related diseases and achieve a long and healthy life. Here we review the currently known anti-aging active phytonutrients and the underlying anti-aging mechanisms, involving suppression of oxidative stress, regulation of genes and pathways, immune modulation, regulation of apoptosis, intestinal flora regulation, autophagy regulation, suppression of cell aging, improvement of telomerase activity, and delay of stem cell aging, aiming to promote the discovery of more anti-aging interventions.

Objective To mine and analyze signals of acute kidney injury(AKI)related to drugs,comprehensively summarize the potential risk drugs,and provide a reference for clinically safe medication.Methods The AKI reports from January 2004 to September 2023 in the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)were retrieved.Disproportionality methods were used to explore the relationship between drugs and AKI,and demographic information,time to onset,and patient outcomes were analyzed.Results Out of 1 253 drugs,159 were identified as AKI signal drugs.Among these,there were 49 antimicrobial agents(30.82%),including 35 antibiotics and 14 antiviral agents;33 antineoplastic agents(20.75%);and 25 hypotensive agents(15.72%).Drug-related AKI occurred mostly in the elderly,and the male-to-female ratio was 124∶100.The median time to onset for AKI related to antibiotics was≤8 d,with the third quartile≤21 d.Rivaroxaban and aspirin had higher proportions of death reports,with 33.03%and 31.44%respectively.Conclusions A multitude of drugs pose a risk for acute kidney injury,necessitating caution in their clinical application and the implementation of monitoring of renal function.The elderly are a high-risk group for drug-related AKI,and there are more males than females.For antibiotics,the first 21 days are the key monitoring period.For drugs that require long-term use,regular monitoring is necessary.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a pathological change caused by repeated injuries and repair dysfunction of the alveolar epithelium. Our previous study revealed that the residues Asn3 and Asn4 of peptide DR8 (DHNNPQIR-NH₂) could be modified to improve stability and antifibrotic activity, and the unnatural hydrophobic amino acids α-(4-pentenyl)-Ala and d-Ala were considered in this study. DR3penA (DHα-(4-pentenyl)-ANPQIR-NH₂) was verified to have a longer half-life in serum and to significantly inhibit oxidative damage, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibrogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, DR3penA has a dosage advantage over pirfenidone through the conversion of drug bioavailability under different routes of administration. A mechanistic study revealed that DR3penA increased the expression of aquaporin 5 (AQP5) by inhibiting the upregulation of miR-23b-5p and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, indicating that DR3penA may alleviate PF by regulating MAPK/miR-23b-5p/AQP5. Safety evaluation showed that DR3penA is a peptide drug without obvious toxicity or acute side effects and has significantly improved safety compared to DR8. Thus, our findings suggest that DR3penA, as a novel and low-toxic peptide, has the potential to be a leading compound for PF therapy, which provides a foundation for the development of peptide drugs for fibrosis-related diseases.

Accurate placement of pedicle screws is a key factor of spinal surgery. Investigation of a new real-time intra-operative monitoring method is an important area of clinical application research which makes a contribution to planting pedicle screw accurately. Porcine spines were chosen as experimental objects. The changes of reduced scattering coefficient (μ'(s)) along normal puncture path, medial perforation path and lateral perforation path were measured and studied. A conclusion is drawn that there are two distinct peaks throughout the puncture process, appearing at the junction of cancellous bone and cortical bone, at the beginning and at the end, respectively. The reduced scattering coefficient is proved to be a good monitoring factor which can identify whether the screw is about to reach the critical position of the spine puncture. Moreover, the variation provides an important reference for spinal surgical navigation process.
Animals ; Biomedical Research ; Bone Screws ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; Punctures ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; Spine ; surgery ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; Swine

We used near-infrared spectroscopy technology to monitor and assess the treatment effect of dehydrating agent in injured rat brain in real time style. We employed the brain edema model in rats resulting from Feeney' s freefall damage, then treated with different doses of mannitol, and collected reduced scattering coefficient (p',) and intracranial pressure (ICP) values after the injury and during the treatment. The results showed that brain edema happened 1 h after the injury in rats' brain tissue, peaked around 72 h after injury, and then began to decrease gradually. The reduced scattering coefficient and ICP values of the treatment group injected with mannitol all decreased after administration. Compared with the effect of low-dose mannitol treatment, that of high-dose mannitol treatment was much better. The duration of the plateau was longer and most experiments results declined significantly. From this we conclude that the reduced scattering coefficient and ICP are consistent with the trend changes, and the reduced scattering coefficient could be used as an indicator for monitoring cerebral edema.
Animals ; Brain Edema ; diagnosis ; Brain Injuries ; therapy ; Dehydration ; Diuretics, Osmotic ; therapeutic use ; Intracranial Pressure ; Male ; Mannitol ; therapeutic use ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Rats ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared