Objective:To investigate the relationship between expression of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in hormone receptor (HR) -positive breast cancer tissues and clinicopathological characteristics and axillary lymph node metastasis.Methods:The clinical data of 202 patients with breast cancer in Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital were retrospectively analyzed from Mar. 2021 to Mar. 2023. The expression of SPARC protein in the lesion tissues of all subjects at admission was detected by immunohistochemistry. On the basis of molecular typing, the patients were classified into HR-positive subgroup and non-HR-positive subgroup, and the difference in SPARC protein expression in the lesion tissues at admission was compared. According to the axillary lymph node metastasis status at 1 year of follow-up, patients with HR-positive breast cancer were assigned into metastasis group and non-metastasis group, and the expression of SPARC protein in the lesion tissues at admission was compared. HR-positive breast cancer patients were divided into positive group and negative group by means of the expression of SPARC protein at admission. The clinicopathological characteristics [age, tumor size, breast cancer TNM staging, vascular tumor thrombus, histological grading, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) ] were compared.Results:The positive expression of SPARC protein was significantly higher in HR-positive subgroup than in non-HR-positive subgroup ( χ2=7.28, P<0.05), and was significantly higher in metastasis group than in non-metastasis group ( χ2=7.29, P<0.05). The expression of SPARC protein in HR-positive breast cancer tissues was significantly different between ER and PR groups ( χ2=10.89, 11.08, P<0.05), and there was no statistical significance between the other groups ( χ2=0.25, 0.36, 1.24, 1.10, 2.41, P>0.05) . Conclusion:The expression of SPARC in HR-positive breast cancer tissues is higher, and it is related to clinicopathological characteristics ER and PR and axillary lymph node metastasis.

Objective:To construct a communication skills assessment scale for newly employed nurses, verify the reliability and validity of the scale in a simulated setting, and develop and construct an effective and structured assessment tool for the communication skills of newly employed nurses.Methods:The Chinese version of the Liverpool Communication Skills Assessment Scale was modified and two rounds of expert consultation were conducted to construct the communication skills assessment scale for newly employed nurses. A total of 194 newly employed nurses at a tertiary hospital between 2024 and 2025 were selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a teacher-based evaluation method during simulated communication scenarios. The performance of the nurses was scored, and the reliability and validity of the scale were analyzed.Results:The final version of the scale consisted of 4 dimensions and 11 items, and can be used in both workplace-based and simulation-based evaluations. The expert authority coefficients of both rounds were greater than 0.70. The Kendall's W coordination coefficients for the two rounds of consultation were 0.278 and 0.309 for workplace-based evaluations and 0.256 and 0.295 for simulation-based evaluations. The coefficients of variation for the 11 items in both application scenarios were <0.250. The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.805 and the total split-half reliability coefficient was 0.814. In the two application scenarios, the item-level content validity index ranged from 0.769 to 1.000 (all >0.750). The scale-level content validity index was 0.916 and 0.909 (>0.900), respectively, in the workplace-based and simulation-based evaluations. The exploratory factor analysis extracted a total of four common factors, with a cumulative variance contribution of 69.09%, and all item loadings on their corresponding factors exceeded 0.500. Conclusions:The communication skills assessment scale for newly employed nurses has moderate and validated content and number of items. The scale demonstrates high reliability and validity in simulation-based evaluations, and can be used as an effective tool for assessing the communication skills of newly employed nurses.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between expression of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in hormone receptor (HR) -positive breast cancer tissues and clinicopathological characteristics and axillary lymph node metastasis.Methods:The clinical data of 202 patients with breast cancer in Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital were retrospectively analyzed from Mar. 2021 to Mar. 2023. The expression of SPARC protein in the lesion tissues of all subjects at admission was detected by immunohistochemistry. On the basis of molecular typing, the patients were classified into HR-positive subgroup and non-HR-positive subgroup, and the difference in SPARC protein expression in the lesion tissues at admission was compared. According to the axillary lymph node metastasis status at 1 year of follow-up, patients with HR-positive breast cancer were assigned into metastasis group and non-metastasis group, and the expression of SPARC protein in the lesion tissues at admission was compared. HR-positive breast cancer patients were divided into positive group and negative group by means of the expression of SPARC protein at admission. The clinicopathological characteristics [age, tumor size, breast cancer TNM staging, vascular tumor thrombus, histological grading, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) ] were compared.Results:The positive expression of SPARC protein was significantly higher in HR-positive subgroup than in non-HR-positive subgroup ( χ2=7.28, P<0.05), and was significantly higher in metastasis group than in non-metastasis group ( χ2=7.29, P<0.05). The expression of SPARC protein in HR-positive breast cancer tissues was significantly different between ER and PR groups ( χ2=10.89, 11.08, P<0.05), and there was no statistical significance between the other groups ( χ2=0.25, 0.36, 1.24, 1.10, 2.41, P>0.05) . Conclusion:The expression of SPARC in HR-positive breast cancer tissues is higher, and it is related to clinicopathological characteristics ER and PR and axillary lymph node metastasis.

Objective:To construct a communication skills assessment scale for newly employed nurses, verify the reliability and validity of the scale in a simulated setting, and develop and construct an effective and structured assessment tool for the communication skills of newly employed nurses.Methods:The Chinese version of the Liverpool Communication Skills Assessment Scale was modified and two rounds of expert consultation were conducted to construct the communication skills assessment scale for newly employed nurses. A total of 194 newly employed nurses at a tertiary hospital between 2024 and 2025 were selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a teacher-based evaluation method during simulated communication scenarios. The performance of the nurses was scored, and the reliability and validity of the scale were analyzed.Results:The final version of the scale consisted of 4 dimensions and 11 items, and can be used in both workplace-based and simulation-based evaluations. The expert authority coefficients of both rounds were greater than 0.70. The Kendall's W coordination coefficients for the two rounds of consultation were 0.278 and 0.309 for workplace-based evaluations and 0.256 and 0.295 for simulation-based evaluations. The coefficients of variation for the 11 items in both application scenarios were <0.250. The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.805 and the total split-half reliability coefficient was 0.814. In the two application scenarios, the item-level content validity index ranged from 0.769 to 1.000 (all >0.750). The scale-level content validity index was 0.916 and 0.909 (>0.900), respectively, in the workplace-based and simulation-based evaluations. The exploratory factor analysis extracted a total of four common factors, with a cumulative variance contribution of 69.09%, and all item loadings on their corresponding factors exceeded 0.500. Conclusions:The communication skills assessment scale for newly employed nurses has moderate and validated content and number of items. The scale demonstrates high reliability and validity in simulation-based evaluations, and can be used as an effective tool for assessing the communication skills of newly employed nurses.

Objective:To find out how newly recruited nurses feel about the use of scenario simulation teaching in communication skill training, and to provide references and lessons for improving and perfecting the training of newly recruited nurses.Methods:Purposive sampling method was used to select 10 nurses who were newly recruited to a tertiary grade A hospital in Shanghai in July 2023 for semi-structured interviews. Colaizzi's 7-step analysis method was used to collate and analyze the data and develop themes.Results:Three themes were extracted from the feelings of newly recruited nurses about scenario simulation teaching, which were the improvement of learning ability, the cultivation of clinical comprehensive ability, and the improvement of communication and teamwork ability.Conclusions:Scenario simulation teaching can improve the clinical communication ability of newly recruited nurses and enhance their learning ability and comprehensive clinical ability. This study designed a scenario simulation teaching program oriented and targeted to highlight communication ability, which further proved its positive significance. However, attention needs to be paid to the construction of clinical teaching team, evaluation system, and feedback mechanism for targeted improvement to enhance the teaching effect.

【Objective】 To investigate the effect of total flavone of oldenlandia diffusa(FOD) on the stemness, proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer(BC) stem cells sorted from MDA-MB-231. 【Methods】 Human BC cell lines MDA-MB-231 was cultured in vitro; MDA-MB-231 was stimulated by different concentrations(0 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, 200 μg/mL and 400 μg/mL) of FOD for different time (24 h, 48 h and 72 h). CCK8 and plate cell cloning assay were used to detect the effect of FOD on MDA-MB-231 proliferation; CD44⁺/CD24^-MDA-MB-231 cell line were tested by flow cytometry and stem cell markers such as Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2 were tested by Western blotting; Annexin V-PE/7-AAD was used to detect the effect of FOD on MDA-MB-231 apoptosis and Bcl2, cleaved-caspase3 and Bax were tested by Western blotting. 【Results】 Cell proliferation of MDA-MB-231 was significantly inhibited by FOD, with the significant suppression at concentrations of 400 μg/mL for 72 h compared with negative control group(P<0.05). The apoptosis rate was significantly upregulated than the negative control group (P<0.05). The protein expression of Bcl2 decreased while Bax and cleaved-caspae3 increased, and stemness markers such as Nanog, Sox2 and Oct4 decreased in FOD-treated cells. Moverover, Akt-GSK3β-β-catenin axis was inhibited in FOD-treated cells. 【Conclusion】 FOD could significantly inhibit the stemness and proliferation and promote the apoptosis of MDA-MB-231.

【Objective】 To investigate the effects of total flavone of oldenlandia diffusa (FOD) on the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stem cells sorted from Huh7. 【Methods】 Human HCC cell lines Huh7 was cultured in vitro; CD133 positive (CD133⁺) stem cells in Huh7 cell line were sorted by flow cytometry, and stem cell markers such as Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2 were tested by Western blotting. CD133⁺-Huh7 was stimulated by different concentrations (0 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL and 400 μg/mL) of FOD for different time (24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h). CCK8 and plate cell cloning assay were used to detect the effect of FOD on CD133⁺-Huh7 proliferation while Annexin V-PE/7-AAD was used to detect the effect of FOD on CD133⁺-Huh7 apoptosis. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of protein 53 (P53), factor associated suicide-Fas-associating protein with a novel death domain (Fas-FADD), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Cleaved-Caspase3, and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax). 【Results】 More than 95% of stem cells were purified for further experiments. Cell proliferation of CD133⁺-Huh7 was significantly inhibited by FOD, with the significant suppression at the concentration of 100 μg/mL for 72 h compared with negative control group (P<0.05). The apoptosis rate was significantly upregulated than that in the negative control group (P<0.05). The protein expression of Bcl2 decreased while Bax and Cleaved-Caspae3 increased via FAS/FADDD and P53 axis. 【Conclusion】 FOD can significantly inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of CD133⁺-Huh7.

AIM: To investigate the injury of emodin (EMO) in reduce of glomerular mesangial cells (MCs) in lupus nephritis by targeting forkhead protein K2 (FOXK2) through miR-96-5p. METHODS: The contents of 24 h urine protein, serum urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) in MRL / faslpr mice (lupus nephritis group) and MRL / MPJ mice (control group) were detected. MCs were separated, purified and divided into: MCs group (MCs without any treatment), L-EMO group (MCs treated with 10 μmol/L Emodin), M-EMO group (MCs treated with 25 μmol / L Emodin), H-EMO group (MCs treated with 50 μmol / L Emodin), H-EMO + miR-96-5p-NC group (MCs treated with 50 μmol / L Emodin and transfected with miR-96-5p-NC), and H-EMO + miR-96-5p-minic group (MCs treated with 50 μmol/ L Emodin and transfected with miR-96-5p-minic). Double luciferase report experiment was used to verify the targeting relationship between miR-96-5p and FOXK2. The real-time quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-96-5p. Western blot was used to detect the expression of FOXK2 and apoptosis related proteins. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors in MCs. cell count kit 8 (CCK-8) was used to determine the activity of MCs. Annexin-V FITC/PI double staining was used to detect apoptosis of MCs. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, 24 h urinary protein content, serum BUN and Scr levels in the lupus nephritis group were significantly increased (P< 0.05). Compared with the MCs group, the miR-96-5p expression, interleukin1β (IL-1β), interleukin6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), A450 value and B-lymphoblastoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein in the L-EMO group, M-EMO group and H-EMO group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), the FOXK2 level, cell apoptosis rate, Bcl-2 related X gene (Bax), aspartate specific cysteine proteinase-3 (cleaved Caspase-3) protein levels were significantly increased, respectively (P<0.05), the effect of Emodin was dose-dependent. Compared with the H-EMO group and H-EMO+miR-96-5p-NC group, H-EMO+miR-96-5p-minic group obviously increased the miR-96-5p expression, inflammatory factor levels, A450 value and Bcl-2 protein level (P<0.05), and obviously decreased FOXK2 level and cell apoptosis rate (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: EMO can reduce the injury of lupus nephritis MCs by down-regulating miR-96-5p and then up-regulating FOXK2.

Pharmaceutical water is the most widely used raw material and solvent in the process of pharmaceutical products, which is widely used in the cleaning and disinfecting process of appliances, equipment, facilities and systems, and is involved in the whole process of pharmaceutical products. Pharmaceutical water is one of the main sources of microbial contamination of pharmaceutical products, so the microbial safety of pharmaceutical water is crucial for pharmaceutical quality. This paper mainly introduces the characterization of the pharmaceutical water system, and conducts biofilm analysis. Due to the characteristics of oligotrophic and slow-growing of microorganisms in the pharmaceutical water system, this paper also further discusses the microbiological testing and culture methods of pharmaceutical water, so as to provide reference for the establishment of a scientific and reasonable microbiological testing system, as well as provide an important theoretical basis and new ideas for further research on hard-to-culture microorganisms.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of a stable pig-to-monkey orthotopic liver transplantation (LT) model and provide a favorable experimental tool for preclinical studies of xenotransplantation.Methods:In this retrospective analysis, the authors reviewed the perioperative conditions and outcomes of 7 pig-to-monkey orthotopic liver transplants performed by a xenotransplantation research team of Second Xiangya Hospital.Gene-edited Banna miniature pigs were selected as donors and rhesus monkeys with similar anatomical characteristics, physiology, biochemistry and immune mechanism to humans were selected as recipients for pig-monkey xenogeneic orthotopic LT.Based upon classic transplantation procedures, whole liver xenogeneic orthotopic transplantation was performed.Surgical processes were modified for minimizing intraoperative hemorrhage and shortening anhepatic period.A bile duct drainage tube was implanted for observing bile secretion.ATG + anti-CD20 + snake venom factor and FK-506 were utilized for immunoinduction pre-operation while tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and methyl prednisolone for postoperative immunomaintenance therapy.Antibiotics and antiviral agents were also applied and thrombin complex for improving coagulation functions.Results:All procedures were successfully completed.After the stability and maturity of our model, in case No.7, donor's acquisition operative duration was 42 min without heat ischemic time, donor's trimming time 87 min, donor cold retention time 128 min, recipient's operative duration 123 min and anhepatic phase 27 min.Subhepatic inferior vena cava was occluded for 38 min.Blood loss was around 10 ml.And 4/7 models survived post-operation and the longest survival time was 27 h. Among 3 non-survival cases, the causes were anesthesia accident (n=1) and immaturity of early operation (n=2). Model No.7 had a biliary secretion volume of 86 ml post-operation.Conclusions:Qualified donor acquisition, high-quality vascular anastomosis, intraoperative reduction of blood loss, shortening of anhepatic period, strict fluid replenishing and careful monitoring are essential for boosting the success rate of pig-monkey liver xenotransplantation model.Optimization of donor gene combination and advanced immunosuppression protocol help to further achieve the long-term survival of pig-monkey liver xenotransplantation model.