Objective: To analyze the trends in incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into the prevention and control of prostate cancer. Methods: Data of the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in Ningbo City from 2011 to 2023 were collected through Ningbo Chronic Disease Collaborative Management System. The incidence and mortality of prostate cancer were calculated and standardized by the data from the sixth national population census in 2010 and the Segi's world standard population in 1960. The trends in incidence and mortality of prostate cancer were evaluated using average annual percent change (AAPC). Results: A total of 15 411 cases of prostate cancer were reported in Ningbo City from 2011 to 2023, and the crude incidence, Chinese-standardized incidence and world-standardized incidence were 39.62/105, 22.18/105 and 16.49/105, respectively, showing upward trends (AAPC=14.782%, 10.390% and 10.608%, all P<0.05). The Chinese-standardized incidence of prostate cancer was higher in urban areas than in rural areas, and both showed upward trends (25.14/105 vs. 19.44/105; AAPC=9.057% and 14.272%, both P<0.05). The crude incidence of prostate cancer in the groups aged 50-<60 years, 60-<70 years, 70-<80 years and ≥80 years showed upward trends (AAPC=11.657%, 14.031%, 10.734% and 5.300%, all P<0.05). A total of 3 739 deaths were reported, and the crude mortality, Chinese-standardized mortality and world-standardized mortality were 9.66/105, 5.23/105 and 3.71/105, respectively, showing upward trends (AAPC=8.458%, 3.620% and 3.602%, all P<0.05). The Chinese-standardized mortality of prostate cancer was higher in urban areas than in rural areas, and both showed upward trends (5.35/105 vs. 5.13/105; AAPC=3.183% and 3.962%, both P<0.05). The crude mortality of prostate cancer the groups ageds ≥80 years showed an upward trend (AAPC=7.482%, P<0.05). Conclusions From 2011 to 2023, the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in Ningbo City showed upward trends. Special attention should be paid to urban residents, and prostate cancer screening should be strengthened among males aged 50 years and older.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of Dendrobium mixture （DMix）-containing serum on high glucose-induced podocyte injury in mice. MethodThe MPC5 mouse glomerular podocytes were cultured in vitro， and the optimal glucose concentration for modeling， modeling time， and concentration of DMix-containing serum for administration were determined. The cells were classified into normal （5.5 mmol·L^-1 glucose+10% blank serum）， model （30 mmol·L^-1 glucose+10% blank serum）， DMix-containing serum （30 mmol·L^-1 glucose+10% DMix-containing serum）， ferroptosis inhibitor （Fer-1， 30 mmol·L^-1 glucose+10% blank serum+1 μmol·L^-1 Fer-1） groups. The corresponding kits were used to measure the levels of Fe²⁺ and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） in cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to determine the content of glutathione （GSH） and lipid peroxide （LPO） in cells. Fluorescence probe was used to measure the reactive oxygen species （ROS） level. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were employed to determine the mRNA and protein levels， respectively， of Wilms' tumor-1 （WT-1）， desmin， long chain acyl-CoA synthase 4 （ACSL4）， and glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4） in podocytes. ResultCompared with the blank group， the intervention with 30 mmol·L^-1 glucose for 48 h reduced podocyte viability （P<0.01）， and the 10% DMix-containing serum showed the most significant improvement in podocyte viability （P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the model group presented elevated levels of Fe²⁺， LDH， LPO， and ROS， lowered GSH level， up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of desmin and ACSL4， and down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of WT-1 and GPX4 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the DMix-containing serum lowered the Fe²⁺， LDH， LPO， and ROS levels， elevated the GSH level， down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of desmin and ACSL4， and up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of WT-1 and GPX4 in podocytes （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionDMix-containing serum exerts a protective effect on high glucose-induced podocyte injury by inhibiting ferroptosis.

Objective:To explore the interaction effects on brain activity between the smoking addiction and weight status by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.Methods:Retrospective analysis of clinical data and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed from 99 recruited subjects from January 2019 to December 2021. All participants were divided into four groups: overweight smokers ( n=24), normal-weight smokers ( n=28), overweight non-smokers ( n=19), and normal weight non-smokers ( n=28). Calculate regional homogeneity (ReHo) to reflect the internal brain activity of the subjects. Two-way ANOVA was used to detect the interaction effects between smoking addiction and overweight on ReHo by SPM12 software, correcting for age, years of education and head motion. Results:The interaction effect between smoking addiction and overweight on ReHo was significant in right superior frontal gyrus(x, y, z=15, 9, 60)(GRF corrected, Pvoxel<0.005, Pcluster<0.05). The ReHo value in the right superior frontal gyrus of overweight smokers was significantly higher than that of normal weight smokers ( t=3.768, P<0.001, Bonferroni corrected). The ReHo values in the right superior frontal gyrus of overweight non-smokers were significantly lower than those of normal weight non-smokers ( t=-3.242, P=0.002, Bonferroni corrected). The ReHo values in the right superior frontal gyurs of normal-weight smokers were significantly lower than those of normal weight non-smokers( t=-3.540, P=0.001, Bonferroni corrected). The ReHo values in the right superior frontal gyrus of overweight smokers were significantly higher than those of overweight non-smokers ( t=3.392, P=0.002, Bonferroni corrected). Correlation analyses showed that the strengthen ReHo value in right superior frontal gyrus was positively associated with pack-year in smoking addicts( r=0.387, P=0.007, Bonferroni corrected). Conclusion:Smoking addiction and overweight have an antagonistic effect on brain activity in the right superior frontal gyrus, which may provide potential therapeutic targets for individuals with comorbidity of smoking addiction and overweight.

Objective:To investigate the values of two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiographic parameters in predicting pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in chronic pulmonary thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH).Methods:A total of 141 patients diagnosed with CTEPH in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from November 2015 to December 2022 were included. Two-dimensional echocardiographic indicators reflecting PVR were constructed according to the calculation formula of PVR: echocardiographic estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP Echo)/left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVIDd), echocardiographic estimated mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP Echo)/LVIDd. sPAP Echo/left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), sPAP Echo/left ventricular cardiac output (LVCO) were measured by three-dimensional echocardiography. The correlations between two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiographic ratios and invasive PVR were then analyzed using the Spearman correlation method. Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, cut-off values for the ratios were generated to identify patients with PVR>1 000 dyn·s -1·cm -5. Pre- and postoperative hemodynamics and echocardiographic data were analyzed, as well as the correlation between the reduction rate of the echocardiographic index and PVR in 54 patients who underwent pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). Results:sPAP Echo/LVIDd, sPAP Echo/LVEDV and sPAP Echo/LVCO were moderately correlated with PVR( rs=0.62, 0.52, 0.63, both P<0.001). The ratio of sPAP Echo to LVEDV, when greater than or equal to 1.41, had a sensitivity of 0.800 and a specificity of 0.930 for determining PVR >1 000 dyn·s -1·cm -5 (AUC=0.860, P<0.001). Similarly, the ratio of sPAP Echo to LVIDd, when greater than or equal to 2.14, had a sensitivity of 0.647 and a specificity of 0.861 for determining PVR >1000 dyn·s -1·cm -5 (AUC=0.830, P<0.001). The sPAP Echo/LVIDd and mPAP Echo/LVIDd significantly decreased after PEA (both P<0.001). The sPAP Echo/LVIDd and mPAP Echo/LVIDd reduction rate (ΔsPAP Echo/LVIDd and ΔmPAP Echo/LVIDd) were significantly correlated with PVR reduction rate (ΔPVR), respectively ( rs=0.61, 0.63, both P<0.05). Conclusions:Two-dimensional ratio sPAP Echo/LVIDd and three-dimensional ratio sPAP Echo/LVEDV can be used to noninvasively estimate PVR in CTEPH patients. The conventional ratio sPAP Echo/LVIDd is convenient and reproducibly suitable for monitoring the improvement of PVR before and after treatment, and its ratio of 2.14 can predict the significant increase of PVR in CTEPH patients (>1 000 dyn·s -1·cm -5).

OBJECTIVE To study the correlation between color and inner quality during the processing of Prunus mume carbon， and provide reference for the determination of processing end point of P. mume carbon. METHODS The chromaticity value of P. mume carbon powder was measured by colorimeter， and the inner quality of P. mume carbon was measured by selecting the contents of water， water-soluble extract， citric acid and tannin. The dynamic change trend of the chromaticity value， water， water- soluble extract， the contents of citric acid and tannin in P. mume carbon under different processing time was analyzed. The correlation between color and the above indexe contents was analyzed， and the regression equation of inner quality-chromaticity value was established. Combined with principal component analysis （PCA）， hierarchical cluster analysis （CA） and partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA）， the difference of P. mume carbon at different processing times was analyzed to determine the processing end point. RESULTS With the extension of processing time， the sample color gradually deepened； the chromaticity values L* and E* of the samples increased at first and then decreased， the chromaticity values a* and b* decreased， and finally all tended to be stable. The content of water-soluble extract， citric acid and tannin in the sample increased at first and then decreased， the water content of the sample decreased with time and finally stabilized. Correlation analysis showed that water， water-soluble extract， citric acid and tannin were positively correlated with L*， a*， b* and E*（P＜0.001）. PCA and HCA showed that P. mume carbon under different processing time could be clustered into two categories： the processed samples of 0-30 min and those of 40-60 min. PLS-DA showed that water and water-soluble extract were important quality indexes and b* was an important chrominance index in the processing of P. mume carbon. The chromaticity value of the samples processed for 50 min and 60 min were not significantly different. The contents of water， water- soluble extract， citric acid and tannin in the samples processed for 60 min were less than those processed for 50 min. CONCLUSIONS There is a certain correlation between the color and the inner quality of P. mume carbon. The processing time of P. mume carbon should be 40-50 min.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Dendrobii Caulis mixture on cell inflammatory response and apoptosis in diabetic rat with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD） and its possible mechanism. MethodForty male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group and model group of type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM） with NAFLD according to body weight. The model was established by high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin（STZ）， which was randomly divided into the model group， Dendrobii Caulis mixture group（16.67 g·kg^-1·d^-1） and metformin group（100 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） according to blood glucose and body weight， and 10 rats in each group. Rats in each group were administered by continuous gavage for 4 weeks， the blank and model groups were given saline by gavage at 10 mL·kg^-1·d^-1. Fasting blood glucose（FBG）， serum insulin（INS）， glycosylated serum protein（GSP）， triglyceride（TG）， total cholesterol（TC）， high density lipoprotein（HDL-C）， low density lipoprotein（LDL-C）， alanine aminotransferase（ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase（AST） were detected in each group of rats. The liver tissues of rats in each group were stained with hematoxylin-eosin（HE） to observe the pathological changes， and the positive expressions of nuclear transcription factor（NF）-κB， NOD-like receptor heat protein structural domain-related protein 3（NLRP3）， interleukin（IL）-1β and tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α were observed by immunohistochemistry. Western blot and fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of B-cell lymphoma-2（Bcl-2）， Bcl-2 associated X protein（Bax）， Caspase-3 and NF-κB p65， NLRP3， IL-1β， TNF-α in liver tissue of rats in each group. ResultCompared with the blank group， FBG， GSP， TC， TG， LDL-C， AST and ALT levels were increased， INS and HDL-C levels were decreased， Bax， Caspase-3， NLRP3， IL-1β， TNF-α protein and mRNA expression were increased in model group， the ratio of p-NF-κB/NF-κB protein increased， the expression of Bcl-2 protein and mRNA decreased， and the positive immunohistochemical expression of NF-κB， NLRP3， IL-1β and TNF-α increased， and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.01）. The morphological structure of the liver was disrupted， and obvious fat vacuoles were seen. Compared with the model group， FBG， GSP， TC， TG， LDL-C， AST and ALT levels of Dendrobii Caulis mixture group and metformin group were decreased， INS and HDL-C levels were increased， and protein and mRNA expressions of Bax， Caspase-3， NLRP3， IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased， the protein ratio of p-NF-κB/NF-κB decreased， the expression of Bcl-2 protein and mRNA increased， and the positive immunohistochemical expressions of NF-κB， NLRP3， IL-1β and TNF-α decreased， and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.01）. The liver morphology and structure were relatively complete， and the fat vacuoles were reduced. ConclusionDendrobii Caulis mixture can inhibit cell apoptosis， reduce inflammatory response and alleviate liver injury in rats with T2DM and NAFLD， the mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation of NF-κB pathway， blocking the activation of NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles， reducing IL-1β secretion， attenuating Caspase-3 activity and reducing the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax.

Humans ; Hospital Mortality ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Comorbidity ; Registries ; Neoplasms/complications*

Objective: To explore the mechanism of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on diabetic endothelial cell damage based on monocyte⁃macrophage exosomes (Exos)/microRNA⁃92a ( miR⁃92a) . Methods: Twenty apolipoprotein E ⁃deficient (ApoE - / - ) mice were randomly divided into two groups : injury group (n = 10) and injury + STZ group ( n = 10 ) . The injury + STZ group established a diabetes model induced by streptozotocin (STZ) . All animals underwent partial left carotid artery (PLCA) ligation. The carotid arteries were collected , the number of M1 macrophages was detected by immunohistochemistry , and the level of AGEs was analyzed by ELISA.Microvascular endothelial cell line bEnd. 3 cells were treated with conditioned medium (CM) of AGEs treated RAW264. 7 cells or Exos derived from RAW264. 7 , followed by evaluations of the cell barrier function and mitochondrial function. Results : There was an increased number of M1 macrophages in carotid atherosclerotic tissues of diabetic mice and in AGEs treated RAW264. 7 cells. CM or Exos significantly induced barrier dysfunction , reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in vascular endothelial cells in vitro. In addition , bioinformatics analysis showed that miR⁃92a was up⁃regulated in Exos derived from macrophages stimulated by AGEs. Experimentally , Exos participated in CM⁃induced barrier dysfunction , ROS accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in bEnd. 3 cells by transferring miR⁃92a. Finally , a series of rescue experiments further confirmed that Exos regulated the barrier dysfunction and mitochondrial function in vascular endothelial cells through miR⁃92a. Conclusion The expression of AGEs and the number of M1 macrophages in diabetic ApoE - / - mice increase , and AGEs stimulates Exos from macrophages could impair the barrier function and mitochondrial function in vascular endothelial cells by delivering miR⁃92a in vitro.

Objective: To explore the clinical dosimetry advantages of automated plan of IMRT for postoperative esophageal cancer and the dose prediction accuracy of the constructed 3D U-Res-Net model． Methods: A total of 110 postoperative esophageal cancer (middle and upper) cases treated by IMRT were considered in the study，of which 90 cases were randomly selected for training of deep learning prediction model．The deep learning prediction model and Auto-Plan module ( Philips pinnacle3 16. 2 ) were used to predict the three-dimension dose distribution and redesigned the remaining 20 cases respectively ，and the results obtained were compared with manual plan. Results : The average DSC value between the deep learning prediction plan and the manual plan was greater than 0. 92 in isodose surface，and the average Hausdorff distance HD95 of the isodose surface was 0. 58－0. 62 cm ; The V20 ，V30 ，Dmean of total lung were slightly lower than those of manual plan (P ＜0. 05 ) for the prediction model， meanwhile，the D2 ，D50 ，Dmean，HI of the target area and V30 of total lungs were better than those of manual plan(P ＜0. 05) for Auto-Plan ; Three-dimensional dose distribution of the three groups and the corresponding DVH curve showed that the three-dimensional dose distribution of the three groups had a little differences，and the DVH curves of the target area and organs at risk had a good agreement． Conclusion Auto-Plan can realize the design of automated plan for postoperative esophageal cancer，while the deep learning prediction model can realize the accurate prediction of the 3D dose distribution.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of interlimb-coordinated training on pulmonary function in patients with early primary Parkinson's disease. MethodsFrom February, 2021 to February, 2022, 60 patients with primary Parkinson's disease in Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University were divided into control group (n = 30) and experimental group (n = 30) according to the management, who accepted medicine and medicine combined with interlimb-coordinated training, for twelve weeks, respectively. Before and after treatment, the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV₁), forced vital capacity (FVC), maximum expiratory flow (PEF) and vital capacity (VC) were measured with pulmonary function instrument, while the peak oxygen uptake (VO_2peak), anaerobic threshold (AT) and peak power (WR_peak) were measured with Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPET), and the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) were measured with respiratory driving instrument. ResultsAfter treatment, FEV₁, FVC, PEF, VC, VO_2peak, AT, WR_peak, MIP and MEP increased in the experimental group (t > 2.087, P < 0.05), and they were more in the experimental group than in the control group (t > 2.079, P < 0.05). ConclusionInterlimb-coordinated training could improve the pulmonary function, aerobic exercise ability and respiratory muscle strength of patients with early primary Parkinson's disease.