Objective To compare the oncologic safety, surgical efficacy, and aesthetic outcomes between conventional breast-conserving surgery and axillary single-port incision insufflation endoscopic breast-conserving surgery with mini-latissimus dorsi surgery in early breast cancer patients. Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data from 62 female patients with early breast cancer was performed. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of surgical method: the conventional group (37 cases) and the endoscopic group (25 cases).The clinical baseline data, surgical results, and postoperative effects of the two groups were compared. Results According to the clinical baseline data, the endoscopic group had a greater maximum tumor diameter and a greater tumor-to-breast volume ratio due to expanded indications for breast-conserving surgery (P<0.001), whereas the other data revealed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with those in the conventional group, the total incision length in the endoscopic group was shorter [3.40(3.15, 3.60) cm vs. 7.30 (6.50, 7.60) cm, P<0.001], the postoperative drainage volume was lower (206.20±35.11 ml vs. 223.95±26.17 ml, P=0.026), but the operative time was longer (254.92±22.67 min vs. 146.78±13.01 min, P<0.001). The incision margin positive rate was 0% (0/25) in the endoscopic group, which was significantly lower than the 10.8% (4/37) in the conventional group (P=0.141). The endoscopic group had a lower incidence of complications (4% vs. 27%, P=0.047) and superior JBCS aesthetic scores at the 6-month follow-up (76% vs. 43.2%, P=0.006). Conclusion Axillary single-port incision insufflation endoscopic breast-conserving surgery with mini-latissimus dorsi surgery is not inferior to conventional procedures in terms of oncologic safety (margin-negative rate) and offers advantages in terms of scar concealment, fewer complications, and better aesthetic outcomes, especially suitable for early breast cancer patients with small-to-medium breast volumes, tumors located in the outer quadrants and mastectomy ratios of >20%.

Vascular aging (VA) is a common etiology of various chronic diseases and represents a major public health concern. Intermittent hypoxia (IH) associated with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a primary pathological and physiological driver of OSAHS-induced systemic complications. A substantial proportion of OSAHS patients, estimated to be between 40% and 80%, have comorbidities such as hypertension, heart failure, coronary artery disease, pulmonary hypertension, atrial fibrillation, aneurysm, and stroke, all of which are closely associated with VA. This review examines the molecular and cellular features common to both OSAHS and VA, highlighting decreased melatonin secretion, impaired autophagy, increased apoptosis, increased inflammation and pyroptosis, increased oxidative stress, accelerated telomere shortening, accelerated stem cell depletion, metabolic disorders, imbalanced protein homeostasis, epigenetic alterations, and dysregulated neurohormonal signaling. The accumulation and combination of these features may underlie the pathophysiological link between OSAHS and VA, but the exact mechanisms by which OSAHS affects VA may require further investigation. Taken together, these findings suggest that OSAHS may serve as a novel risk factor for VA and related vascular disorders, and that targeting these features may offer therapeutic potential to mitigate the vascular risks associated with OSAHS.
Humans ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/pathology* ; Aging/physiology* ; Oxidative Stress/physiology* ; Animals

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory airway disease and intermittent hypoxia is increasingly recognized as a factor that may impact disease progression. The present study investigated whether intermittent hypoxia (IH) could aggravate asthma by promoting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3)/interleukin (IL)-1β-dependent pyroptosis and the inflammatory response and further elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS: A total of 49 patients diagnosed with severe bronchial asthma and diagnosed by polysomnography were enrolled at Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, between January 2022 and December 2022, and their general data and induced sputum were collected. BEAS-2B cells were treated with IL-13 and subjected to IH. An ovalbumin (OVA)-treated mouse model was also used to assess the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on asthma. Pyroptosis, the inflammatory response, and related signalling pathways were assessed in vivo and in vitro . RESULTS: In this study, as the apnoea and hypopnea index (AHI) increased, the proportion of patients with uncontrolled asthma increased. The proportions of neutrophils and the levels of IL-6, IL-8, HIF-1α and NLRP3 in induced sputum were related to the AHI. NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis, which could be mediated by the HIF-1α signalling pathway, was activated in IL-13 plus IH-treated BEAS-2B cells and in the lungs of OVA/CIH mice. HIF-1α downregulation significantly reduced lung pyroptosis and ameliorated neutrophil inflammation by modulating the NLRP3/IL-1β pathway both in vitro and in vivo . Similarly, pretreatment with LW6, an inhibitor of HIF-1α, effectively blocked the generation of inflammatory cytokines in neutrophils. In addition, administration of the NLRP3 activator nigericin obviously increased lung neutrophil inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a risk factor for asthma exacerbation. IH aggravates neutrophil inflammation in asthma via NLRP3/IL-1β-dependent pyroptosis mediated by the HIF-1α signalling pathway, which should be considered a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of asthma with OSAHS.
NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism* ; Humans ; Asthma/metabolism* ; Animals ; Pyroptosis/physiology* ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism* ; Mice ; Signal Transduction/physiology* ; Male ; Hypoxia/metabolism* ; Female ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism* ; Adult ; Inflammation/metabolism* ; Middle Aged ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

Ureteral stricture in renal allografts is one of the common postoperative complications in kidney transplant recipients. Due to short ureter in renal allografts, endovascular treatment should be adopted before reconstruction surgery to avoid irreversible injury. Alleviating renal allograft injury, easing obstruction or establishing drainage channel are the key measures to treat ureteral stricture. In endovascular treatment, balloon dilatation and internal incision yield high recurrence rate, and long-term indwelling of self-expanding metallic ureteral stents may be a better option. Compared with traditional stents, metallic stents may maintain urinary tract patency for a long time and mitigate the irritation of lower urinary tract symptoms,with different indications and efficacy. Although all metallic stents may be displaced and occluded, it still plays a positive role in the treatment of ureteral stricture in renal allografts. In this article, the application of self-expanding metallic ureteral stent in ureteral stricture of renal allografts was mainly illustrated, aiming to provide reference for optimizing the treatment of ureteral stricture in renal allografts.

Surgery combined with postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) can improve the overall survival and becomes one of main treatments for resectable brain metastases. Compared with postoperative SRS, preoperative SRS (Pre-SRS) has theoretical advantages of reducing the dissemination of active tumor cells into the treatment cavity during surgery, reducing radiation dose, reducing radiation to surrounding normal brain tissue, and ensuring successful implementation of perioperative treatment, etc. Recent clinical studies have confirmed that Pre-SRS can reduce local recurrence rate and the incidence of radiation necrosis (RN) and leptomeningeal metastasis (LMM). Moreover, the indications, dose fractionation, and combined therapy remain to be confirmed by more prospective studies. In this article, research progress in Pre-SRS for resectable brain metastases was reviewed.

Background/Aims: Lyon consensus differentiates acid exposure time (AET) as physiological, borderline, and pathological. Mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) and post-reflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave index (PSPWi) are believed to increase diagnostic yield of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and correlate with symptom outcome of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment. We aim to explore the clinical characteristics and the correlation of pH-impedance parameters with PPI response in Chinese patients with different AET levels. Methods: We retrospectively investigated 177 patients with typical reflux symptoms who received esophageal function tests. The demographics, GERD questionnaire scores, the proportion of esophagitis and PPI responders, and manometric and pH-impedance parameters were compared among patients with AET < 4%, 4-6%, and > 6%. In patients with AET ≥ 4%, manometric and pH-impedance parameters were compared between PPI responders and non-responders. Results: Among 177 patients, 69 (39.0%) had AET 4-6%, and 53 (29.9%) had AET > 6%. The demographics, esophagogastric junction type, and occurrence of ineffective esophageal motility were similar between patients with AET 4-6% and > 6%, but different from AET < 4%. MNBI and PSPWi were different among different AET levels, but similar between PPI responders and non-responders in patientswith AET ≥ 4%. Conclusions It is reasonable to set 4% as a threshold to define pathological AET in Chinese patients. MNBI and PSPWi could identify GERD patients, but may not correlate with PPI response of Chinese GERD patients.

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of prothrombin time-international normalized ratio to albumin ratio (PTAR) in evaluating the prognosis of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 172 patients with decompensated cirrhosis who were admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from April 2016 to April 2017, including sex, age, etiology, complications, and first examination of laboratory markers after admission. With death as the outcome event, the patients were divided into survival group with 98 patients and death group with 74 patients according to the outcome of the disease after 2 years of follow-up. The influencing factors for prognosis were analyzed, and the value of PTAR in predicting the prognosis of patients with decompensated cirrhosis were evaluated. The t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups, and the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed for related variables. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated, and the optimal cut-off value was determined according to the sensitivity and specificity of the ROC curve. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis was performed to compare 2-year survival rate between patients with different values of PTAR, indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes (ICGR15), and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, and the log-rank test was used for comparison between groups. ResultsCompared with the survival group, the death group had significantly higher PTAR (Z=-7.823, P＜0.001), ICGR15 (t=3.458, P=0.001), and MELD score (t=5.921, P＜0.001). PTAR, ICGR15, and MELD score had optimal cut-off values of 0.05, 41.00%, and 37.25, respectively, in predicting 2-year prognosis, with AUCs of 0849, 0.651, and 0.724, respectively. The survival analysis showed that the high-PTAR (PTAR≥0.05) group had a significantly lower survival rate than the low-PTAR (PTAR＜0.05) group (χ2=60.07, P＜0.001). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that PTAR ≥0.05 was an independent risk factor for death within 2 years (hazard ratio = 2.564, 95% confidence interval: 1.276-5.151, P=0.008). ConclusionPTAR ≥0.05 can be used as an independent predictive factor for death within 2 years in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, and PTAR has a relatively high value in predicting the prognosis of patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness training on the emotional regulation and resilience of college students.Methods:Eighty one college students were recruited and randomly divided into mindfulness training group and control group, of which 74 completed the study (36 in mindfulness training group and 38 in control group). Participants in mindfulness training group received an 8-week mindfulness training, while participants in control group received no intervention. Participants were assessed with the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ, measuring mindfulness level), Profile of Mood State (POMS, measuring emotion) and the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescent(RSCA, measuring resilience) before and after intervention (4 and 8 weeks).Results:Before and after the intervention, the interaction effects of total score of five factors mindfulness, scores of observing, actaware, non-judging, total score of resilience, scores of goal planning, help-seeking and the fatigue score were significant(all P<0.05). There were significant differences in mindfulness level, mood state and resilience scores in mindfulness training group before and after intervention(all P<0.05). There were significant differences of scores of FFMQ , POMS and RSCA post-training compared with baseline( P<0.05). The total score of FFMQ was improved significantly after 4 weeks of intervention ((114.92±11.70) vs(110.36±11.24), P<0.05), while the scores of observing((26.19±5.21) vs(24.00±5.34)), describing((23.36±4.82) vs(21.19±4.76)), non-judging((23.75±4.20) vs(22.06±4.99)) and non-reacting((19.72±3.16) vs(18.58±3.61)) were improved significantly after 8 weeks of intervention. There were significant differences of the scores of fatigue, depression-dejection, panic, vigor-activity and total mood disturbance before and after the intervention in mindfulness training group (all P<0.05). The scores of fatigue((12.31±4.08) vs(13.39±5.12)), panic((12.08±3.57) vs(13.67±4.35)) and total mood disturbance((132.94±17.71) vs(145.75±22.68)) were reduced significantly after 8 weeks of intervention (all P<0.05), while the scores of vigor-activity were improved significantly after 8 weeks of intervention ((18.31±4.61) vs (15.39±4.99), P<0.01). The participants in mindfulness training group got significantly higher total score, scores of goal planning, help-seeking, and affect control of RSCA after intervention compared with baseline (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Mindfulness training can enhance the mindfulness level and resilience of college students, decrease negative affect such as fatigue, depression, panic, and increase positive affect such as activity.

Background: This study aims to investigate the effect of integrin β1 on wound healing induced by adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), as well as the corresponding mechanism. Methods: Integrin β1 was overexpressed in ADSCs. Thereafter, flow cytometry and transwell chambers technology were used to measure the endothelial-like differentiation (CD31 as a biomarker of endothelial cell) and cell migration, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the activation of PI3K/AKT, NF-κB and ERK signaling pathways. The effects of integrin β1 overexpression on healing time, healing rate and fibroblast number were further evaluated in the rat models of chronic refractory wound. Results: The overexpression of integrin β1 increased CD31+ endothelial-like cells (about 3.6-fold), promoted cell migration (about 1.9-fold) and enhanced the activation of PI3K (p-PI3K; about 2.1-fold) and AKT (p-AKT; about 2.2-fold). These effects were all weakened when PI3K/AKT pathway was inhibited by LY294002 treatment. In addition, the experiments in rat wound models showed that integrin β1 overexpression obviously shortened healing time (approximately 0.41-fold), increased healing rate (about 2.7-fold, 2.8-fold and 1.6-fold at day 7, 14 and 21) and increased the number of fibroblasts (approximately 3.1-fold at day 21). All of the above differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion Integrin β1 can promote the migration and endothelial-like differentiation of ADSCs by activating PI3K/AKT pathway and then enhance the function of ADSCs in promoting wound healing.

Objective To explore the modulation effect of macrophage polarization and tumor microenvironment by colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) inhibitor administration in mice colon carcinoma tissue.Methods 24 mice were divided into normal control group,CAC group,CAC + GW2580 group.On day 64,the mice in CAC + GW2580 group were given GW2580 by daily gavage for a week.On 71 st day,the colon tissues were collected.The expression phenotype of macrophage polarization was detected by flow cytometry,the expression of macrophage-associated protein was detected by Western blot,and the expression level of various cytokine mRNAs were detected by PCR.Results The administration of CSF-1R inhibitors in CAC mice resulted in a significant reduction in the percentage of macrophages and M2 cells and a significant increase in M1 (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of M1-related proteins CD86 was up-regulated and the expression of M2-related proteins CD206 was down-regulated (P ＜0.05).Further more,the expression of M2-related IL-4,IL-10,Arg-1 were up-regulated (all P ＜ 0.05),and the expression of M1-related IL-12,iNOS were down-regulated (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion CSF-1R inhibitor can effectively modulate macrophage polarization from M2 to M1 in colon tumor and transform the tumor microenvironment from immunosuppression to immunostimulation,exerting tumor inhibition.