Objective To compare the oncologic safety, surgical efficacy, and aesthetic outcomes between conventional breast-conserving surgery and axillary single-port incision insufflation endoscopic breast-conserving surgery with mini-latissimus dorsi surgery in early breast cancer patients. Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data from 62 female patients with early breast cancer was performed. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of surgical method: the conventional group (37 cases) and the endoscopic group (25 cases).The clinical baseline data, surgical results, and postoperative effects of the two groups were compared. Results According to the clinical baseline data, the endoscopic group had a greater maximum tumor diameter and a greater tumor-to-breast volume ratio due to expanded indications for breast-conserving surgery (P<0.001), whereas the other data revealed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with those in the conventional group, the total incision length in the endoscopic group was shorter [3.40(3.15, 3.60) cm vs. 7.30 (6.50, 7.60) cm, P<0.001], the postoperative drainage volume was lower (206.20±35.11 ml vs. 223.95±26.17 ml, P=0.026), but the operative time was longer (254.92±22.67 min vs. 146.78±13.01 min, P<0.001). The incision margin positive rate was 0% (0/25) in the endoscopic group, which was significantly lower than the 10.8% (4/37) in the conventional group (P=0.141). The endoscopic group had a lower incidence of complications (4% vs. 27%, P=0.047) and superior JBCS aesthetic scores at the 6-month follow-up (76% vs. 43.2%, P=0.006). Conclusion Axillary single-port incision insufflation endoscopic breast-conserving surgery with mini-latissimus dorsi surgery is not inferior to conventional procedures in terms of oncologic safety (margin-negative rate) and offers advantages in terms of scar concealment, fewer complications, and better aesthetic outcomes, especially suitable for early breast cancer patients with small-to-medium breast volumes, tumors located in the outer quadrants and mastectomy ratios of >20%.

Over the past 30 years,nano-drug delivery systems(NDDS)have become a promising field of drug research.However,a poor knowledge of the in vivo process of NDDS,the limited methods of pharmacokinetic correlation,and the inability to effectively provide strong support for the construction of upstream drug as well as the evaluation of downstream pharmacology and toxicology have become the technical bottleneck for their clinical transformation.Lipid nanodrug(LND)is the most successful NDDS for industrial transformation with great biocompatibility.Taking LND as an example,this paper reviewed the delivery process and influencing factors in vivo,and summarized the regulatory mecha-nism of biological environments on drug release in vivo.Based on advanced spectroscopy and mass spectrometry techniques,the spatial and temporal distribution of the dynamic carrier particle/depolymer-ized molecule ratio and dynamic free/encapsulated drug ratio of LND in biological matrix were ana-lyzed.Finally,the existing problems and future developments in this field were summarized to provide references for the analysis of NDDS in vivo,and stimulate readers'interest in nanomedical research and development.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of different administration methods for labor analgesia.Methods:This randomized controlled study was conducted on 152 parturient women who underwent vaginal delivery at the Xinxiang Central Hospital from February to June 2023. These women were divided into a control group and an observation group, with 76 women per group. Women in the control group received 3 mL of 0.1% ropivacaine hydrochloride after routine epidural catheterization, followed by 3 mL of analgesic drugs after 3 minutes. For those without any special reactions, an analgesic pump containing 9 mL of medication was used after 3 minutes until the end of labor. In the observation group, 3 mL of 0.1% ropivacaine hydrochloride was administered as a trial dose before the epidural catheter was inserted into the epidural space. After 3 minutes, the postpartum woman lay flat and was given another 3 mL of analgesic pump medication. After 3 additional minutes, an additional 9 mL of the medication was administered. The analgesic pump was connected and turned on until the catheter was removed after delivery. The epidural catheter failure rate was assessed in each group. Before epidural puncture (T 1), within 30 minutes after the onset of anesthesia (T 2), and at the time of full dilation of the cervix (T 3), Visual Analogue Scale scores, the number of patient attempts to additionally use an analgesia pump, maternal satisfaction, the number of cases requiring cesarean section conversion, the incidence of adverse reactions (such as nausea, vomiting, and fever), and Apgar scores for newborns were recorded in each group. Results:The epidural catheter failure rate in the observation group was 1.3% (1/76), which was significantly lower than 10.5% (8/76) in the control group ( χ2 = 5.79, P < 0.05). At T 2 and T 3, the Visual Analogue Scale score in the observation group was (0.89 ± 0.08) points and (2.1 ± 0.07) points, respectively, which were significantly lower than (2.55 ± 0.07) points and (3.35 ± 0.07) points in the control group ( t = 238.54, 133.17, both P < 0.001). The number of patient attempts to additionally use an analgesia pump in the observation group was (1.00 ± 0.84) counts, which was significantly less than (4.00 ± 0.65) counts in the control group ( t = 29.47, P < 0.001). Maternal satisfaction in the observation group was 100% (76/76), which was significantly higher than 92.1% (70/76) in the control group ( χ2 = 6.25, P < 0.05). The number of cases requiring cesarean section conversion in the observation group was 0 (0/76), which was significantly lower than 52.6% (4/76) in the control group ( χ2 = 4.10, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Administering a trial dose (3 mL) of 0.1% ropivacaine hydrochloride before placing the epidural catheter during labor analgesia can greatly increase the placement success rate of the catheter and enhance pain relief effectiveness. This has a certain clinical application value.

Cationic liposomes,as non-viral vectors,are widely used in gene therapy and gene silencing.Although numerous cationic liposomes have various structures,they can all improve the per-formance of gene delivery.As gene therapy is increasingly studied,it may be foreseen that new cationic lipoplexes will be explored.In this review,we aim to discuss four constituent domains of cationic lipids(headgroup,hydrophobic domain,linker and helper lipids)in gene delivery.This article attempts to demonstrate that various lipid structures show different transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity by sum-marizing the similarities and differences between the four parts of cationic lipids.Furthermore,their major influencing factors are covered.Finally,three clinical cases of ionizable lipids are described to reveal their characteristics and differences from cationic lipids.This paper is intended to provide a conceptual framework for the design of cationic liposomes and for the selection of cationic lipids.

Ureteral stricture in renal allografts is one of the common postoperative complications in kidney transplant recipients. Due to short ureter in renal allografts, endovascular treatment should be adopted before reconstruction surgery to avoid irreversible injury. Alleviating renal allograft injury, easing obstruction or establishing drainage channel are the key measures to treat ureteral stricture. In endovascular treatment, balloon dilatation and internal incision yield high recurrence rate, and long-term indwelling of self-expanding metallic ureteral stents may be a better option. Compared with traditional stents, metallic stents may maintain urinary tract patency for a long time and mitigate the irritation of lower urinary tract symptoms,with different indications and efficacy. Although all metallic stents may be displaced and occluded, it still plays a positive role in the treatment of ureteral stricture in renal allografts. In this article, the application of self-expanding metallic ureteral stent in ureteral stricture of renal allografts was mainly illustrated, aiming to provide reference for optimizing the treatment of ureteral stricture in renal allografts.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prospective association between cumulative resting heart rate (cumRHR) and rapid renal function decline (RRFD) in a cohort of individuals aged 60 and older. METHODS: In the Tianjin Chronic Kidney Disease Cohort Study, the individuals who underwent three consecutive physical examinations between 2014 and 2017, with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) greater than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m² and aged 60 years or older were enrolled. A total of 27,564 patients were prospectively followed up from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2020. The 3-year cumRHR was calculated. The primary outcome was RRFD, defined as an annualized decline in eGFR of 5 mL/min per 1.73 m² or greater. Logistic and restricted spline regression models and subgroup analysis were used to investigate the association of cumRHR with RRFD after adjusting for all confounders. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 3.2 years, a total of 4,347 (15.77%) subjects developed RRFD. In fully-adjusted models, compared with the lowest quartile of cumRHR, the odds ratio (OR) for the highest was 1.44 (1.28-1.61), P < 0.001. Furthermore, each 1-standard deviation (27.97 beats/min per year) increment in cumRHR was associated with a 17% (P < 0.001) increased risk of RRFD, with a linear positive correlation (P for non-linear = 0.803). Participants with a 3-year cumRHR ≥ 207 (beats/min) * year (equivalent to ≥ 69 beats/min per year in 3 years) were found to be at a higher risk of RRFD. CONCLUSIONS The cumRHR is significantly associated with a higher risk of RRFD among older adults. These results might provide an effective goal for managing and delaying the decline of renal function in the older adults.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness training on the emotional regulation and resilience of college students.Methods:Eighty one college students were recruited and randomly divided into mindfulness training group and control group, of which 74 completed the study (36 in mindfulness training group and 38 in control group). Participants in mindfulness training group received an 8-week mindfulness training, while participants in control group received no intervention. Participants were assessed with the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ, measuring mindfulness level), Profile of Mood State (POMS, measuring emotion) and the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescent(RSCA, measuring resilience) before and after intervention (4 and 8 weeks).Results:Before and after the intervention, the interaction effects of total score of five factors mindfulness, scores of observing, actaware, non-judging, total score of resilience, scores of goal planning, help-seeking and the fatigue score were significant(all P<0.05). There were significant differences in mindfulness level, mood state and resilience scores in mindfulness training group before and after intervention(all P<0.05). There were significant differences of scores of FFMQ , POMS and RSCA post-training compared with baseline( P<0.05). The total score of FFMQ was improved significantly after 4 weeks of intervention ((114.92±11.70) vs(110.36±11.24), P<0.05), while the scores of observing((26.19±5.21) vs(24.00±5.34)), describing((23.36±4.82) vs(21.19±4.76)), non-judging((23.75±4.20) vs(22.06±4.99)) and non-reacting((19.72±3.16) vs(18.58±3.61)) were improved significantly after 8 weeks of intervention. There were significant differences of the scores of fatigue, depression-dejection, panic, vigor-activity and total mood disturbance before and after the intervention in mindfulness training group (all P<0.05). The scores of fatigue((12.31±4.08) vs(13.39±5.12)), panic((12.08±3.57) vs(13.67±4.35)) and total mood disturbance((132.94±17.71) vs(145.75±22.68)) were reduced significantly after 8 weeks of intervention (all P<0.05), while the scores of vigor-activity were improved significantly after 8 weeks of intervention ((18.31±4.61) vs (15.39±4.99), P<0.01). The participants in mindfulness training group got significantly higher total score, scores of goal planning, help-seeking, and affect control of RSCA after intervention compared with baseline (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Mindfulness training can enhance the mindfulness level and resilience of college students, decrease negative affect such as fatigue, depression, panic, and increase positive affect such as activity.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided celiac plexus radiation with iodine-125 (125I) seeds and celiac plexus neurolysis with absolute ethanol for pain relief secondary to advanced pancreatic cancer.Methods A retrospective analysis of 43 patients of advanced pancreatic cancer with moderate to severe abdominal pain in the Department of Gastroenterology,Shanghai Changhai Hospital from January 2017 to April 2018 was performed.20 patients underwent EUS-guided celiac plexus neurolysis (CPN),and 23 patients underwent EUS-guided celiac plexus radiation (CPR) with the implantation of 125I seeds around the celiac ganglia.The postoperative VAS score of abdominal pain,mean analgesic (MS Contin [morphine sulfate]) consumption and complications were compared between the two groups.Results There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the sex ratio (male/female,10/10 vs 14/9),average age [(64 ± 11) vs (64 ± 12)],lesion location (head/tail,7/13 vs 8/15] and TNM stage (Ⅲ/Ⅳ,9/11 vs 7/16),and the two groups were comparable.Compared with preoperative ones,the VAS score (3.0 points vs 5.5 points) and morphine dosage (30 mg vs 52.5 mg) were significantly lower in the CPN group one week after operation.In the CPR group,the VAS score (5.0 points vs 6.0 points) and morphine dosage (50 mg vs 55 mg) at 2 weeks after the operation were lower than those before the operation;the VAS scores of 4,8 and 12 weeks after the operation decreased to 3.0 points,and the dosage of morphine decreased to 30 mg,25 mg and 30 mg,respectively.The differences were statistically significant (P＜0.0001).Compared with the CPR group,at 2 weeks postoperatively the CPN group demonstrated a significantly higher decrease of VAS score (3.0 points vs 2.0 points),degree of morphine reduction (30 mg vs 10 mg) and rate of partial pain relief (70.0％ vs 4.3％).However,from 4 to 12 weeks postoperatively,the decrease in VAS score,the decrease in the dosage of MS Contin and the rate of partial pain relief in the CPR group were all significantly higher than those in the CPN group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no complete relief of pain in the two groups.No procedure-related deaths or serious complications were observed and only mild gastrointestinal adverse reactions occurred.Conclusions Two methods can both relieve abdominal pain in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer safely and effectively.CPR takes effect late but has advantages of good extent and long duration of pain relief.

Objective To evaluate the factors influencing the diagnostic positivity of endoscopic ultrasonography guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for small size pancreatic carcinoma (SSPC) and the occurrence of the adverse events after the aspiration.Methods 51 patients with SSPC ≤2 cm in diameter treated in Changhai hospital from February 2008 to January 2015 were retrospectively studied.The gender,age,tumor diameter,location,the dilation of pancreatic ducts,the number of aspirations and the needle passages,the usage of negative pressure during aspiration,the pathological examination of the specimens and postoperative adverse events and the like were collected.Univariate analysis and logistic regression analyze were applied to determine the factors influencing the diagnostic positivity of EUS-FNA for SSPC and postoperative adverse events.Results Among the 51 patients,positive cytology outcome were identified in 30 patients,which were negative in 21 patients.Univariate analysis identified that there were no statistical differences on the age,sex,dilated pancreatic duct,the number of aspirations and needle passages between two groups (P value ＞0.05).The diagnostic positivity using the 10ml minor negative pressure was obviously higher than that using 20 ml negative pressure,and the differences were statistically significant (P =0.028).Multivariate logistic regression identified 10ml minor negative pressure was easier to obtain positive cytology outcome (Odds Ratio 0.2810,95％ CI 0.093-0.851).In addition,the number of passages in patients with postoperative adverse events was greater than those without postoperative adverse events (30 vs 20),and the difference was statistically significant (P =0.034).Conclusions The introduction of 10 ml negative pressure could improve the diagnostic positivity of EUS-FNA for SSPC,and the increased number of needle passages may increase the occurrence rate of postoperative adverse events.

Objective:To prepare loratadine nanosuspension lyophilized powder (LTD-NLP) and investigate the dissolution and stability. Methods:LTD-NLP was prepared by an anti-solvent precipitation method; the particle size and morphology were characterized by a laser nanometer particle sizer and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The optimal lyophilized protective agent was screened out; the dissolution and stability of LTD-NLP were determined by HPLC. Results:The average particle size of LTD-NLP was 175.6 nm with PDI of 0.200, and the zeta potential was -56.3 mV. The shape of LTD-NLP was spherical. The nanosuspension lyophilized with 10% sucrose presented optimal properties. The dissolution of LTD-NLP was greater than raw material, and LTD-NLP had good stability at 4℃. Conclusion:The anti-solvent precipitation method for LTD-NLP is simple,and the product is expected to become a new preparation of loratadine.