Objective: To discuss the epidemiological characteristics of hand foot mouth disease (HFMD) among children in Jiujiang City, and its correlation with meteorological factors, so as to provide scientific evidence for developing targeted HFMD prevention and control measures. Methods: HFMD incidence data among children and meteorological factor records from Jiujiang City during 2019-2023 were collected. Pearson correlation analysis and Quasi-Poisson regression analysis of generalized additive model were used to analyze the relationship between the number of cases and meteorological factors, calculating correlation coefficients (r) and excess risk (ER). Results: The annual reported children HFMD cases in Jiujiang City during 2019-2023 were 4 299, 4 671, 2 560, 3 230, and 3 584, respectively. Except for a peak in autumn-winter in 2020, outbreaks occurred mainly in spring and summer in other years. The majority of cases involved scattered children (71.11%) and children in daycare centers (26.64%). Pearson correlation analysis showed that total case counts, cases among scattered children, and cases among children in daycare centers were positively correlated with average temperature ( r =0.36, 0.39, 0.23), maximum temperature ( r =0.32, 0.36, 0.20), minimum temperature ( r =0.37, 0.41, 0.24), and average relative humidity ( r =0.19, 0.20, 0.15) (all P <0.05). Quasi-Poisson regression analysis of generalized additive model revealed that total cases, cases among scattered children, and cases among daycare children were positively associated with average temperature ( r =0.05, 0.06, 0.03) and average relative humidity ( r =0.03, 0.02, 0.02) (all P <0.01). Excess incidence risk analysis indicated that for every 10 ℃ increase in average temperature, the ER (95% CI ) values were 72.16 (45.91-103.14), 79.76 (52.99- 111.23 ) and 39.30 (14.45-69.54) among total children, scattered children and daycare children, respectively; for every 10% increase in average relative humidity, the ER (95% CI ) values were 28.69 (12.22-47.56), 27.81 (12.01-45.84) and 24.42 (5.56-46.65), respectively. Conclusions The incidence level of HFMD among children in Jiujiang City is positively correlated with the average temperature and average relative humidity. Higher temperature and humidity are associated with an increased risk of excess HFMD incidence in scattered children compared to children in daycare centers.

ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the potential of different orders of magnitude single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) locus combinations for predicting distant kinship relationships. A high-density SNP locus set was constructed, and a comprehensive assessment of its inference capability was conducted. MethodsFirstly, we selected three commercial chip panels, CGA (Chinese genotyping array, Illumina), GSA (Global screening array, Illumina), Affy (23MF_V2 high-density SNP array, Affymetrix) and merged them after quality control, forming a high-density SNP locus panel(1 180 k). Secondly, we selected 161 samples and collected their peripheral blood samples by using whole-genome sequencing technology. Within this sample population, the levels of kinship relationships fully covered the range from level 1 to level 9, and the number of kinship pairs at each level was consistently maintained at over 50 pairs. From 161 samples data of whole-genome sequencing, the 1 180 k locus set was extracted, which is referred to as the high-density SNP locus set in the following text. The kinship inference was conducted using the identity-by-descent (IBD) algorithm with the selected optimal parameters. To comprehensively evaluate the performance of the high-density SNP locus set in kinship inference, we compared it with the three commercial chip panels, the intersection of these three chip loci, and the control sets constructed by randomly reducing the number of the high-density SNP locus set. Based on the changes in the IBD lengths, as well as the dynamic trends in prediction accuracy, we conducted a scientific assessment of the kinship inference capability of the high-density SNP locus set. ResultsAfter screening, a set of 1 184 334 autosomal SNPs was obtained. During the process of screening the optimal IBD length threshold, the result revealed that 0 cM, 1 cM, and 2 cM all demonstrated good applicability. However, to avoid the issue of a large amount of redundant information caused by setting a too low IBD length threshold, this study ultimately selected 2 cM as the optimal threshold. Compared with the average results of three chip panels, the high-density SNP locus set increased the total IBD length and the average IBD length across levels 1-9; the accuracy of the confidence interval for level 8 was 70.97%, which represented a 3.50% improvement; the average confidence interval accuracy for levels 1-8 was 91.39%, representing a 1.00% increase; and the false negative rates at levels 8 and 9 were reduced by 2.42% and 6.76%, respectively. The system efficacy of the high-density SNP locus set for kinship inference of first to eighth degree relationships reached 98.91%. Through random reduction of the high-density SNP locus set results, it is found that increasing the number of SNPs with the panel, the detection efficiency of IBD length showed a significant upward trend. At the same time, the overall trend in the accuracy of kinship relationship prediction as well as the confidence interval accuracy also indicated that both metrics steadily increased with the addition of more loci. ConclusionThe results show that the high-density SNPs panel significantly enhances the efficacy of distant kinship inference, accurately covering kinship degrees, with the average confidence interval accuracy for first to eighth degree relationships stably above 90%. The study finds that increasing the number of SNPs panel can improve the ability to predict distant kinship.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of subanesthetic dose of esketamine on postoperative anxiety and recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS A total of 200 patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University from January 2023 to December 2024 were randomly assigned to control group （n＝100） and observation group （n＝100）. One minute before the initiation of anesthesia， patients in the control group received intravenous injections of Propofol emulsion injection， Sufentanil citrate injection， and Succinylcholine chloride injection. On this basis， patients in the observation group received an intravenous injection of Esketamine hydrochloride injection. The anxiety status of patients in both groups was compared， along with their general intraoperative conditions （including sufentanil dosage， duration of pneumoperitoneum， operative time， anesthesia time， and extubation time）， postoperative recovery， incidence of adverse reactions， and the need for dezocine rescue analgesia. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure， entropy index （state entropy and response entropy）， inflammatory marker levels [interleukin-6 （IL-6） and C-reactive protein （CRP）]， numerical rating scale （NRS） for pain intensity were compared between the two groups at different time points. RESULTS No significant differences were found between the two groups in pneumoperitoneum duration， operative time， anesthesia time，extubation time， incidence of postoperative dry mouth， entropy index or length of stay in the post-anesthesia care unit （P＞0.05）. Compared with the control group， the observation group showed significantly lower postoperative STAI-S scores， reduced intraoperative sufentanil consumption， decreased incidence of postoperative nausea， vomiting， and shivering， the need for dezocine rescue analgesia， as well as lower plasma IL-6 and CRP levels at 24 h after surgery， and NRS （P＜0.05）. The heart rate and mean arterial pressure of patients in the observation group at the start of surgery， end of surgery， and during extubation were all significantly higher than those in the control group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Subanesthetic dose of esketamine can effectively alleviate postoperative anxiety， reduce intraoperative opioid consumption， suppress postoperative inflammatory response， relieve postoperative pain， and promote recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

AIM To investigate effects of petroleum ether fraction from Derris eriocarpa How on glucose and lipid metabolism in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome(MS).METHODS KM mice were fed a high-fat diet and administered streptozotocin intraperitoneally to establish MS models.The MS mice were then randomly assigned to the model group,the metformin hydrochloride group,the lovastatin group,the ursolic acid group,and the high-,medium-and low-dose D.eriocarpa petroleum ether fraction groups,with 10 mice in each group.Ten additional mice maitained on a normal diet served as the normal control group.After 4 weeks of intragastric administration,glucose and lipid metabolism indicators were measured.Hepatic pathological changes were assessed using HE staining and oil red O staining.Liver tissue mRNA expressions of ATF3,PEPCK,FXR,CYP7A1,HNF4ɑ,CYP8B1 and SRB1 were quantified by RT-qPCR.Hepatic protein expressions of ATF3,HNF4ɑ,PEPCK,FXR and CYP7A1 was analyzed by Western blot in MS mice.RESULTS Compared to the model group,the high-dose D.eriocarpa petroleum ether fraction group exhibited significant glucose tolerance improvement(reduced OGTT-AUC,P＜0.01);favorable serum lipid modulation in terms of increased HDL-C levels(P＜0.01)and decreased TG,TC,LDL-C(P＜0.01);reduced renal biomarkers(BUN,SCR)and hepatotoxic indicators of TBA,AST and ALT activities(P＜0.01);alleviated hepatic lipid accumulation and histopathological damage;downregulated mRNA and protein expressions of ATF3,HNF4ɑ and PEPCK,as well as CYP8B1 mRNA expression(P＜0.01);and upregulated mRNA and protein expressions of FXR and CYP7A1,along with SRB1 mRNA expression(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION D.eriocarpa petroleum ether fraction ameliorates glucose and lipid metabolism dysregulation in MS mice by modulating the ATF3/HNF4ɑ/CYP7A1 signaling pathway,consequently eliciting hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic,hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects.

Objective To explore the expression levels of ribonucleic acid(miR)-127-5p,miR-127 and miR-155 in elderly patients with pneumonia infection by multidrug-resistant bacteria and their correlation with immune-related cytokines.Methods 65 elderly patients with pneumonia infection by multidrug-resistant bacteria,80 healthy physical examination persons and 80 elderly patients with common pneumonia in our hospital from June 2020 to June 2022 were retrospectively selected as the observation group,the control group A and the control group B,respectively.The expression levels of miR-127-5p,miR-127,miR-155,interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleu-kin(IL-4),IL-17,and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)in serum samples were detected and compared among the three groups.Pearson correlation analysis analyzed the correlation between miR-127-5p,miR-127,miR-155 and IFN-γ,IL-4,IL-17,TGF-β,and the Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)analyzed the diagnostic value of miR-127-5p,miR-127,miR-155 alone or in combination.Results The serum levels of miR-127-5p and IFN-γ in the control group B and the observation group were lower than those in the control group A,and the both in the observation group were lower than the both in the control group B(P<0.05).The serum levels of miR-127,miR-155,IL-4,IL-17,and TGF-β in the control group B and observation group were higher than those in the control group A,and those in the observation group were higher than those in the control group B(P<0.05).There was a positive correlation between serum miR-127-5p and serum IFN-γ levels(r=0.463,P<0.05),serum miR-127 and IL-4,IL-17 or TGF-β levels(r=0.306,0.273 or 0.330,P<0.05),and serum miR-155 and IL-4,IL-17 or TGF-β levels(r=0.410,0.453 or 0.385,P<0.05),and as well as a negative correlation between serum miR-127-5p and IL-4,IL-17 or TGF-β(r=-0.378,-0.396 or-0.408,P<0.05),serum miR-127 or miR-155 and IFN-γ levels(r=-0.267 or-0.513,P<0.05).Serum miR-127-5p,miR-127 and miR-155 expression levels alone and in combination have a certain diagnostic value in elderly patients with pneumonia infec-tion by multi-drug resistant bacteria,and the area under ROC curve(AUC)values were 0.811,0.733,0.817 and 0.906,and the sensitivities were 90.77%,60.00%,67.69%,84.62%,and the specificities were 66.87%,80.62%,83.75%,83.18%.Conclusion MiR-127-5p,miR-127 and miR-155 were differentially expressed in the elderly patients with pneumonia infection by multi-drug resistant bacteria,and were correlated with immune-related cytokines to a certain extent,and the combination of the three has a good diagnostic value,thus may providing a new target for clinical diagnosis of this disease.

This review aims to provide clinical guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis(AAV)by summarizing recent advances in the research on the immunological aspects of infection and AAV.Literatures are retrieved from PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang and other databases.The search terms are set as"ANCA","vasculitis","infection"and"immunity".The existing literatures are reviewed and analyzed.Infection plays a crucial role throughout the course of AAV,affecting onset,disease activity,treatment and prognosis.Infections are not only significant triggers for the onset of AAV,but also factors that precipitate relapses.Additionally,the immunosuppression involved in AAV treatment increases susceptibility to infections,which can exacerbate AAV.Concurrent infections have become a leading cause of death in AAV patients.The interplay of infection,molecular mimicry,and genetic cross-reactivity represents a primary pathogenic mechanism in AAV.Reducing infection-induced immune responses has a posi-tive implication in the management of AAV.

Objective To investigate the status of population dynamics and distribution changes of Aedes aegypti in Guangdong Province.Methods Continuous monitoring was conducted from May 2018 to July 2024 in Wushi Town and Qishui Town,Leizhou City,Zhanjiang City,Guangdong Province.Additionally,a survey of the distribution of Ae.aegypti along the Leizhou Peninsula coast was carried out.Results The density of Ae.aegypti in Zhanjiang showed a gradual decline from 2018 to 2024.The last detection of adult Ae.aegypti in Wushi Town was in September 2021,and the last larva was found in October 2023.No Ae.aegypti was detected in Qishui Town during surveys from 2021 to 2024.A survey of 18 coastal villages in the Leizhou Peninsula revealed no detections of Ae.aegypti.Conclusions This study provides a basis for understanding the distribution and population density fluctuations of Ae.aegypti,assessing its invasion risk,and scientifically conducting relevant prevention and control efforts.

Objective:To investigate the effect of graded rehabilitation intervention on cardiac function,self-man-agement ability,exercise tolerance,sleep quality and quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods:This randomized controlled study enrolled 125 patients with CHF admitted to Lu'an People's Hospital be-tween April 2020 and October 2023.Patients were divided into control group(n=62)and intervention group(n=63).Participants in the control group received routine rehabilitation intervention,while those in the intervention group received additional graded rehabilitation intervention.Both groups were intervened for 3 months.Cardiac function indexes,6min walking distance(6MWD),metabolic equivalent(METs),scores of exercise of self-care a-gency(ESCA),Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)and the MOS item short from health survey(SF-36),and in-cidence of adverse events during the intervention were compared between the two groups.Results:Compared to pa-tients in the control group,those in intervention group had significant lower left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVEDV)[(108.19±2.96)ml vs.(129.51±3.34)ml],left ventricular end-systolic volume(LVESV)[(50.68±2.28)ml vs.(67.38±2.68)ml],score of Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)[(8.30±1.87)points vs.(13.99±2.06)points](P＜0.001 all),and significant higher left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)[(58.17±2.08)％vs.(50.70±1.63)％],ESCA score[(148.29±19.48)points vs.(124.68±15.93)points],6MWD[(413.58±15.11)m vs.(372.22±14.62)m],METs[(6.88±0.64)kcal·kg-1·h-1 vs.(6.13±0.62)kcal·kg-1·h-1],total SF-36 score[(128.97±6.62)points vs.(104.35±5.46)points](P＜0.001 all).The inci-dence of adverse events in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group(5.00％vs.18.33％,P=0.023).Conclusion:The graded rehabilitation intervention may improve the heart function,self-management ability,exercise tolerance,sleep quality and quality of life in CHF patients,and has high safety.

Central nervous system(CNS)degenerative disorders refer to a spectrum of pathological alterations triggered by struc-tural damage to cerebral neural tissues,clinically manifested as diverse neurological dysfunction syndromes,including multiple sclerosis(MS),neurodegenerative diseases(NDs),and ische-mic stroke.The hallmark pathological features of these disorders involve irreversible neuronal damage and decompensation of functional neural networks,ultimately leading to progressive neurological deficits.Notably,with the accelerating global popu-lation aging,the incidence of these diseases has surged signifi-cantly.According to WHO statistics,they now rank among the top three global causes of disability and mortality.Current re-search has confirmed that the pathogenesis of CNS degenerative disorders exhibits high heterogeneity,encompassing multifaceted pathophysiological processes such as genetic predisposition,oxi-dative stress,protein misfolding,and metabolic dysregulation.This intricate pathogenic network not only complicates clinical differential diagnosis but also poses substantial challenges to the development of precision therapeutic strategies.Importantly,re-cent studies have revealed that mitochondrial homeostasis disrup-tion-induced inflammatory cascades(termed mitochondrial in-flammation)play a pivotal regulatory role in neurodegenerative progression.Key molecular mechanisms include impaired mito-phagy,aberrant mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)release and NL-RP3 inflammasome activation.This review systematically deci-phers the molecular regulatory network of mitochondrial inflam-mation,with a focus on its biological effects in critical pathologi-cal events such as blood-brain barrier disruption,microglial hy-peractivation and neuronal apoptosis.The overarching aim is to provide a theoretical foundation for developing innovative thera-peutic strategies targeting mitochondrial homeostasis restoration.

Objective:To investigate the expression of LINC01088 in breast cancer and its effects on cell prolifera-tion,migration,and invasion.Methods:GEPIA and bc-GenExMiner were used to analyze the correlation between LINC01088 expression levels and clinical characteristics as well as prognosis.The expression of LINC01088 in MCF10A and MDA-MB-231,BT-549,MCF7 were detected by Real-time PCR.The effect of LINC01088 on the biological func-tion of breast cancer cells was examined by overexpressing LINC01088 in breast cancer cells.Cell proliferation was as-sessed using the Incucyte assay,while cell migration and invasion were evaluated using Transwell assays.Western blot-ting was employed to detect the expression of proteins associated with cell proliferation and metastasis.Results:LINC01088 expression was significantly lower in breast cancer tissues compared to normal breast tissues(P<0.05).Data from the bc-GenExMiner database revealed higher LINC01088 expression in HER2 positive patients(P<0.0001),corre-lating with longer overall survival(P=0.0006)and disease-free survival(P=0.0002).The mRNA expression level of LINC01088 in normal breast epithelial cell line was higher than that in breast cancer cell lines(P<0.05).Overexpression of LINC01088 significantly reduced proliferation,migration,and invasion in three breast cancer cell lines(P<0.01).Addi-tionally,LINC01088 upregulated p21 and p27(P<0.01),while downregulating Snail,Slug,PI3K,and phosphorylated Akt(P<0.05).Conclusion:LINC01088 expression was significantly reduced in human breast cancer.In vitro,LINC01088 in-hibited the proliferation,migration,and invasion of breast cancer cells.This effect may be attributed to its role in sup-pressing the PI3K-AKT pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.