BACKGROUND: Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the predominant form of chronic liver disease worldwide. This study was designed to investigate the proportion and characteristics of MAFLD within the general Chinese population and to identify the contributory risk factors for liver fibrosis among MAFLD individuals. METHODS: The participants were recruited from a cohort undergoing routine health evaluations at the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University between May 2019 and March 2023. The diagnosis of MAFLD was based on the established clinical practice guidelines. The fibrosis-4 index score (FIB-4) was employed to evaluate hepatic fibrosis, with a FIB-4 score of ≥1.3 indicating significant fibrosis. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to determine risk factors associated with significant hepatic fibrosis in MAFLD. RESULTS: A total of 22,970 participants who underwent comprehensive medical examinations were included in the analysis. The overall proportion of MAFLD was 28.77% (6608/22,970), with 16.87% (1115/6608) of these patients showing significant fibrosis as assessed using FIB-4. Independent risk factors for significant liver fibrosis in MAFLD patients were male (odds ratio [OR] = 0.676, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.558-0.821), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity (OR = 2.611, 95% CI: 1.557-4.379), body mass index ≥23.00 kg/m 2 (OR = 0.632, 95% CI: 0.470-0.851), blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg (OR = 1.885, 95% CI: 1.564-2.272), and plasma glucose ≥5.6 mmol/L (OR = 1.815, 95% CI: 1.507-2.186) (all P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS The proportion of MAFLD in an urban Chinese population is 28.77%. About 16.87% of MAFLD patients presented with significant liver fibrosis. Independent risk factors for significant liver fibrosis in MAFLD patients should be noticed.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Liver Cirrhosis/pathology* ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Adult ; Fatty Liver/pathology* ; Aged ; China/epidemiology* ; Logistic Models ; Urban Population ; East Asian People

Medical institutions, with their clinical practice foundation and abundant human use experience data, have become important carriers for the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and the "cradles" of the preparation of new TCM. To effectively promote the transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and establish an effective evaluation index system for the transformation of new TCM conforming to the characteristics of TCM, consensus experts adopted the literature research, questionnaire survey, Delphi method, etc. By focusing on the policy and technical evaluation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions, a comprehensive evaluation from the dimensions of drug safety, efficacy, feasibility, and characteristic advantages was conducted, thus forming a comprehensive evaluation system with four primary indicators and 37 secondary indicators. The expert consensus reached aims to encourage medical institutions at all levels to continuously improve the high-quality research and development and transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and targeted at clinical needs, so as to provide a decision-making basis for the preparation, selection, cultivation, and transformation of new TCM for medical institutions, improve the development efficiency of new TCM, and precisely respond to the public medication needs.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards* ; Humans ; Consensus ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Total laryngectomy is a crucial surgical intervention for patients with advanced malignant tumors of the larynx and nasopharynx. Despite its effectiveness, this procedure permanently severs the connection between the nasal cavity and the lower respiratory tract, leading to the cessation of nasal airflow. This disruption significantly impairs the patient's sense of smell and adversely affects their quality of life. Although olfactory loss is common in these patients, the assessment and rehabilitation of their olfactory function are often overlooked. This article reviews relevant literature on evaluating olfactory function and rehabilitation methods following total laryngectomy, with the aim of providing a theoretical foundation to enhance olfactory rehabilitation and overall quality of life for these patients.
Humans ; Laryngectomy/rehabilitation* ; Quality of Life ; Smell ; Laryngeal Neoplasms/surgery* ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology*

Radiation mainly comes from medical radiation,industrial radiation,nuclear waste and atmospheric ultraviolet radiation,etc.,radiation is divided into ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation.Studying the effects of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation on drug metabolism,understanding the absorption and distribution of drugs in the body after radiation and the speed of elimination under radiation conditions can provide reasonable guidance for clinical medication.This article reviews the effects of radiation on the pharmacokinetics of different drugs,elaborates the changes of different pharmacokinetics under radiation state,and discusses the reasons for the changes.

Objective:The purpose of this study is to explore the clinical characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and analyze the risk factors for adverse outcomes.Methods:2 052 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who were hospitalized in Shanxi Bethune Hospital between December 1, 2022 and March 20, 2023 were included. They were divided into diabetes group ( n=70) and non-diabetes group ( n=1 982) according to the presence or absence of comorbid T2DM. The two groups were matched at 1:1 via propensity score matching. Clinical characteristics and laboratory examination results of the two groups were compared. According to the outcomes during hospitalization, the two groups were further divided into two subgroups respectively. Univariate analysis and subsequent binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes. Results:After the propensity score matching, the most common comorbid condition in diabetes group and non-diabetes group was hypertension. The proportion of patients with severe or critical disease in diabetes group was higher compared with non-diabetes group. The levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood urea, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α were significantly higher in the diabetes group ( P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis within the diabetes group showed that hypertension ( OR=3.640, 95% CI: 3.156 to 4.290), FBG>11 mmol/L ( OR=3.283, 95% CI: 1.416 to 7.611), HbA1c>10% ( OR=2.718, 95% CI: 1.024 to 7.213) were independent risk factors for adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes(all P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with the non-diabetes group, patients with COVID-19 and T2DM have worse inflammatory response and higher levels of inflammatory cytokines. The elevated levels of FBG and HbA1c are related to the adverse outcome in patients with COVID-19 and T2DM.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical relevant effect of hospital-wide blood glucose management in perioperative cholelithiasis patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods:The subjects of the study were patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with cholelithiasis who were treated at the Baiqiu'en Hospital in Shanxi from September 2022 to October 2023. The patients were divided into hospital-wide blood sugar management group and conventional treatment group, according to different blood glucose management they received. The differences in preoperative blood glucose control, length of stay, postoperative complications, and hospitalization expenses between the two groups were compared.Results:Compare based on the median (quartiles) of the observed indicators, patients with cholelithiasis who underwent hospital-wide blood glucose management based on insulin pumps had a higher proportion of time in range [72.00(70.21, 82.90)% vs. 64.80 (61.55,70.50)%, P<0.001)], lower average blood glucose level [9.00 (8.55, 10.44) mmol/L vs. 11.50 (10.50, 12.50) mmol/L, P<0.001], and shorter hospital stay [8.00 (7.00,13.00) days vs. 10.00 (8.00, 12.00) ) days, P<0.05]. Moreover, the incidence of postoperative complications was lower [5(11.11)% vs. 15(33.33)%, P<0.05], and hospitalization expenses were lower [16 535.34 (14 271.44, 29 569.23) yuan vs. 18 633.85 (17 482.66) yuan , 22 855.02) yuan, P<0.05] in patients who received hospital-wide blood glucose management. Conclusion:Hospital-wide blood glucose management based on insulin pumps showed favorable effects in the perioperative clinical application in cholelithiasis patients with type 2 diabetes, and could contribute to shortening the average length of stay, reducing hospitalization costs, and reducing postoperative complications.

Objective To optimize the granularity and decocting process of Codonopsis Radix decoction.Methods Adding water,soaking time and decoction time were set as examine factors,and flavonoids,total polysaccharides,and extract yield were set as the indexes,AHP-entropy weight method combined with the Box-Behnken design-response surface method were used to determine the best particle size and the technological parameters of Codonopsis Radix decoction.Results The optimum size of precise Codonopsis Radix decoction was 4.00-4.75 mm(4-5 mesh);the optimum decocting process was 13 times the amount of water added;the soaking time was 15 min;the decocting time was 10 min.Conclusion The granularity of Codonopsis Radix decocting powder optimized in this study is scientific and reasonable,which is suitable for practical production.The established decocting process is convenient,reasonable and feasible,and provides a theoretical basis for the industrial production of decocting powder.

Steaming is one of the commonly used methods in the processing of Chinese materia medica,which can be used to change the medicinal properties,expand the scope of use,enhance the efficacy,reduce side effects and facilitate slicing.By reviewing ancient herbal texts and literature,this article summarized the historical development of TCM steaming:from the Spring and Autumn period to the Warring States period,it has mainly gone through the stages of germination,growth,maturity,and prosperity.It further sorted out the research progress of modern steaming from the aspects of steaming technology,chemical composition and drug effect changes before and after steaming,and analyzed and discussed the establishment of quality standards of steamed products and the development of traditional and modern processing techniques,with a view to clarifying the mechanism of steaming,and providing basis for standardizing steaming technology,improving the quality standards of steamed decoction pieces and rational clinical application.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of abandoning prophylactic abdominal drainage in patients undergoing minimally invasive minor hepatectomy based on a propensity score matching (PSM) study.Methods:Retrospective review of a prospectively collected database of patients undergoing minimally invasive minor hepatectomy from July 2022 to May 2023 at the Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital. A total of 108 patients were enrolled, including 48 males and 60 females, aged (60.8±13.7) years old. According to whether the abdominal drainage tube was prophylactically placed intraoperatively, patients were divided into two groups: the drainage group (with prophylactic placement of abdominal drainage tubes, n=76); the no-drainage group (without prophylactic placement of abdominal drainage tubes, n=32). PSM was used to compare the perioperative data between the groups, including extent of liver resection, intraoperative blood loss, operative time, and postoperative complications. Postoperative survival status within 90 days was followed up through telephone review. Results:Before PSM, the two groups differed significantly on age and the history of hypertension (both P<0.05). After PSM, there were 23 patients in each group. Patients in the two groups showed comparable results regarding the intraoperative parameters including the surgical method, pathological types, the number and maxium diameter of hepatic lesions, the extent and complexity of liver resection, and the duration of hepatic inflow occlusion (all P>0.05). No postoperative intra-abdominal bleeding occurred in either group. The incidences of postoperative complications were comparable between the groups, including fever, bile leakage, incision infection, and abdominal acupuncture for drainage (all P>0.05). After PSM, compared to patients wothout prophylactic abdominal drainage, prophylactic abdominal drainage group showed a decreased white blood cell counts on postoperative day 1 [9.39(6.30, 10.58)×10 12/L vs. 13.19(10.15, 14.90)×10 12 /L, P=0.006] and a shorter length of postoperative hospital stay [4(3, 5) d vs. 5(4, 5) d, P=0.033]. No postoperative death within 90 days occurred in either group. Conclusion:In minimally invasive minor hepatectomy, abandoning prophylactic abdominal drainage could be feasible, which facilitates fast recovery without increasing the incidence of postoperative fever, perihepatic fluid accumulation and postoperative abdominal acupuncture for drainage.