OBJECTIVES: To explore the mediating role of sleep duration in the relationship between depression symptoms and myopia among middle school students. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional research conducted using a stratified cluster random sampling method. A total of 1 728 middle school students were selected from two junior high schools and two senior high schools in certain urban areas and farms of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. Questionnaire surveys and vision tests were conducted among the students. Spearman analysis was used to analyze the correlation between depression symptoms, sleep duration, and myopia. The Bootstrap method was employed to investigate the mediating effect of sleep duration between depression symptoms and myopia. RESULTS: The prevalence of myopia in the overall population was 74.02% (1 279/1 728), with an average sleep duration of (7.6±1.0) hours. The rate of insufficient sleep was 83.62% (1 445/1 728), and the proportion of students exhibiting depression symptoms was 25.29% (437/1 728). Correlation analysis showed significant negative correlations between visual acuity in both eyes and sleep duration with depressive emotions as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (with correlation coefficients of -0.064, -0.084, and -0.199 respectively; P<0.01), as well as with somatic symptoms and activities (with correlation coefficients of -0.104, -0.124, and -0.233 respectively; P<0.01) and interpersonal relationships (with correlation coefficients of -0.052, -0.059, and -0.071 respectively; P<0.05). The correlation coefficients for left and right eye visual acuity and sleep duration were 0.206 and 0.211 respectively (P<0.001). Sleep duration exhibited a mediating effect between depression symptoms and myopia (indirect effect=0.056, 95%CI: 0.029-0.088), with the mediating effect value for females (indirect effect=0.066, 95%CI: 0.024-0.119) being higher than that for males (indirect effect=0.042, 95%CI: 0.011-0.081). CONCLUSIONS Sleep duration serves as a partial mediator between depression symptoms and myopia in middle school students.
Humans ; Myopia/etiology* ; Male ; Female ; Depression/physiopathology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Sleep ; Adolescent ; Students ; Child ; Time Factors ; Sleep Duration

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent inflammation and joint damage, accompanied by the accumulation of plasma cells, which contributes to its pathogenesis. Understanding the genetic alterations occurring during plasma cell differentiation in RA can deepen our comprehension of its pathogenesis and guide the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. Here, our study elucidates the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying plasma cell differentiation by demonstrating that PRDX1 interacts with DOK3 and modulates its degradation by the autophagy-lysosome pathway. This interaction results in the inhibition of plasma cell differentiation, thereby alleviating the progression of collagen-induced arthritis. Additionally, our investigation identifies Salvianolic acid B (SAB) as a potent small molecular glue-like compound that enhances the interaction between PRDX1 and DOK3, consequently impeding the progression of collagen-induced arthritis by inhibiting plasma cell differentiation. Collectively, these findings underscore the therapeutic potential of developing chemical stabilizers for the PRDX1-DOK3 complex in suppressing plasma cell differentiation for RA treatment and establish a theoretical basis for targeting PRDX1-protein interactions as specific therapeutic targets in various diseases.

Objective To investigate the association of digit ratio with single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)at three loci(rs17576,rs3918249,rs9509)of matrix metallopeptidase 9(MMP-9)gene.Methods A total of 804 Ningxia Han youths(399 males and 405 females)were used as the study subjects.A digital camera was used to take frontal photographs of the hands,and image analysis software was used to mark the anatomical points and measure the lengths of each finger of both hands(2D,3D,4D,5D);Multiplexed PCR was used to detect the three polymorphic sites of the MMP-9 gene,SPSS 25.0 and R Studio software were used for data analysis and plotting.Results The 2D/3D(P＜0.05)and 2D/4D(left,P＜0.01,right,P＜0.05)of both hands,2D/5D(P＜0.01),3D/5D,4D/5D(P＜0.05)of the right hand,and 3D/4D(P＜0.05)of the left hand in female youths of Ningxia Han were significantly higher than those in males,Differences in genotypes and allele frequencies at all 3 loci of the MMP-9 gene were not statistically significant between genders(P＞0.05).Right hand 2D/4D was significantly associated with genotypes at the rs17576 and rs3918249 loci in male youths(P＜0.05).Conclusion MMP-9 gene SNPs(rs17576 and rs3918249)may be associated with the formation of 2D/4D of Ningxia Han male youths.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) during plasma exchange (PE) in pediatric patients.Methods:We conducted a retrospective analysis of 12 critically ill children admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of Jinan Children's Hospital, who underwent 28 PE sessions with RCA between December 2023 and August 2024. Clinical records were reviewed to assess bleeding events, extracorporeal circuit performance, and changes in arterial blood gas parameters, serum total calcium (Ca tot), and activated clotting time before and after treatment. Results:No patients exhibited signs of increased bleeding. In one case, the procedure was discontinued prematurely due to elevated venous pressure. A significant decrease in ionized calcium (Ca ion) was observed 0.5 hours post-treatment. At the end of PE, pH, HCO 3?, base excess (BE), lactate, PaCO 2, Ca tot, and Na + levels increased, while K + and Ca ion levels decreased, with all changes being statistically significant. Four hours post-treatment, pH, HCO 3?, BE, PaCO 2, and Na + remained elevated, whereas Ca ion, lactate, and K + returned to baseline. By 12–15 hours post-treatment, all parameters—including pH, HCO 3?, BE, PaCO 2, Na +, K +, Ca ion, and lactate—had normalized, showing no significant differences from pre-treatment levels. Conclusions:RCA provides effective extracorporeal anticoagulation during pediatric PE without increasing bleeding risk. However, metabolic complications—primarily metabolic alkalosis—are common. These disturbances typically resolve spontaneously and do not lead to severe adverse events. While no ideal anticoagulant for PE has yet been established, RCA remains a safe and effective option, particularly for pediatric patients at higher risk of bleeding.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of plantamajoside(PMS)on diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN)and to explore its mechanism of action from mitochondrial autophagy.Methods Mice(C57BL/6J)were randomly divided into 6 groups(n=10):normal group(Control),model group(Model),positive drug group(LA),and low(L-PMS),medium(M-PMS),and high(H-PMS)dosage groups.High-sugar and high-fat diet with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin was used to duplicate the DPN model.After successful model duplication,the intervention was administered by gavage for 4 weeks.Sciatic nerve was taken,and pathological changes were observed by HE and Nissl staining;oxidative stress indexes SOD,MDA,GSH-Px and inflammatory factors such as IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-αin sciatic nerve tissues were detected by kits,and the expression of VDAC1,TOM20,COX IV,PINK1,Parkin,and autophagy proteins of Beclin1,LC3,P62 in mouse sciatic nerves was detected by Western blotting.Results PMS dose-dependently improved the behavioral indexes of DPN mice,reduced the pathological damage of sciatic nerve,and resulted in tightly arranged sciatic nerve fibers,clearly visible myelin structure,uniform coloration,and increased number of Schwann cells as well as Nissl bodies.Compared with the model group,both the M-PMS group and the H-PMS group increased the expression levels of SOD and GSH-Px(P<0.05),while decreased the expression of MDA(P<0.05);the M-PMS group and the H-PMS groups reduced the expression of IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α(P<0.05);the L-PMS group,M-PMS group,and H-PMS group reduced the expression levels of VDAC1,TOM20,and COX IV proteins(P<0.05);the L-PMS group,M-PMS group,and H-PMS group could differentially increase the expression of PINK1,Beclin1,Parkin,and LC3 proteins(P<0.05),and decrease the expression of P62 proteins(P<0.05).Conclusion PMS can play a role in ameliorating neurological injury in DPN mice by promoting PINK1/Parkin pathway-mediated mitochondrial autophagy and alleviating oxidative stress-related inflammatory injury.

Objective To investigate the association between the index finger and ring finger length ratio (2D ∶ 4D) and of four loci (rs6461992‚ rs6968828‚ rs7801581‚ rs17427875) polymorphism of homeobox (HOX) A11 gene among Ningxia college students. Methods Digit camera was used to collect frontal hand photos of 667 Han college students (348 males and 319 females) from Ningxia province; Image analysis software was used to mark the anatomical points and measure finger lengths of the index and ring fingers of both hands; multiplex PCR was used to detect each locus polymorphisms of HOXA11 gene; statistical software was used to compare and analyze the differences and associations of 2D ∶4D and gene polymorphisms between different genders. Results Among Ningxia Han college students‚ both left hand and right hand 2D ∶ 4D were significantly higher in females than those of in males (all P< 0. 05)‚ and there were no significant sex differences in right-left hand 2D ∶4D; the genotypes and allele frequencies of rs7801581 locus of HOXA11 gene differed significantly between genders (all P < 0. 05)‚ and none of the other locus polymorphisms showed any significant sex differences; only female left hand 2D ∶4D was significantly associated with rs6461992 locus genotype in the relationship between 2D ∶4D and HOXA11 polymorphisms (P<0. 05). Conclusion There were significant sex differences in 2D ∶ 4D among Han college students in Ningxia‚ and the rs6461992 locus polymorphism of HOXA11 gene may be associated with the formation of 2D ∶4D in females.

Objective To investigate the association of 13 single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)sites in 6 phalange-bone development related genes[fibroblast growth factor receptor 2(FGFR2),indian hedgehog signaling molecule(IHH),Msh homeobox 1(MSX1),Runx family transcription factor 2(RUNX2),SRY-box transcription factor 9(SOX9),Wnt family member 5A(WNT5A)]with human index-ring finger length ratio(2D∶4D).Methods Digital cameras were used to take frontal photographs of the hands of 731 college students(358 males and 373 females)in Ningxia,and image analysis software was used to mark anatomical points and measure finger lengths of index(2th)and ring(4th);genotyping of 13 SNP sites(rs1047057,rs755793,rs41258305,rs3731881,rs3100776,rs12532,rs3821949,rs45585135,rs3749863,rs1042667,rs12601701,rs1829556,rs3732750)for 6 genes by multiplex PCR;One-Way ANOVA or independent sample t-test indirectly assessed the association between 2D∶4D and 13 SNP sites.Results Both left and right hand 2D∶4D were significantly higher in females than males in Ningxia college students(all P<0.01);no statistically significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies of the 13 SNP sites among different sexes(all P>0.05);among different sexes,male left hand 2D∶4D was significantly associated with the genotype of SOX9 gene rs12601701 site(P<0.05)and right hand 2D∶4D was significantly associated with the genotype of WNT5A gene rs1829556 site(P<0.05);the female right hand 2D∶4D was significantly associated with the MSX1 gene rs12532(P<0.01)and rs3821949(P<0.05)sites genotypes.Conclusion SOX9(rs12601701),WNT5A(rs1829556)and MSX1(rs12532 and rs3821949)gene polymorphisms may be associated with the formation of 2D∶4D in Ningxia population.

Objective To observe the clinical effects and safety of dapagliflozin combined with metformin in the treatment of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)complicated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods The clinical data of enrolled elderly patients with T2DM and NAFLD were analyzed.They were divided into the treatment group and the control group according to cohort method.The treatment group was treated with oral dapagliflozin tablets(10 mg,qd)combined with metformin(500 mg,tid).The control group was treated with oral sitagliptin tablets(100 mg,qd)combined with metformin(500 mg,tid).All patients underwent 12 weeks of treatment.The two groups were compared on clinical efficacy,body mass index(BMI),waist hip ratio(WHR),visceral fat area,liver spleen density ratio,liver stiffness measurement(LSM),glucose and lipid metabolism,liver function indicators,and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions.Results There were 42 cases in control group,58 case in treatment group.After treatment,the total effective rates in the treatment group and the control group were 84.48％(49 cases/58 cases)and 66.67％(28 cases/42 cases);BMI were(24.28±2.52)and(25.73±2.06)kg·m-2;WHR were 0.71±0.13 and 0.80±0.16;visceral fat areas were(120.57±25.65)and(131.71±21.84)cm2;liver spleen density ratios were 0.88±0.20 and 0.79±0.18;2-hour postprandial blood glucose(2 h PG)levels were(8.77±1.65)and(11.08±2.19)mmol·L glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc)levels were(7.09±1.32)％and(7.68±1.26)％.The above indexes were significantly different between the treatment group and the control group(all P＜0.05).The total incidence rates of adverse reactions in the treatment group and the control group were 31.03％(18 cases/58 cases)and 11.90％(5 cases/42 cases),with statistically significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion The treatment of dapagliflozin combined with metformin in elderly patients with T2DM and NAFLD has a significant clinical effect,which can improve lipid metabolism and liver function.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of Tongfu Xiezhuo enema in treating stage 3-4 chronic kidney disease （CKD） and the effect of the therapy on the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio （NLR） as an inflammation marker. MethodSixty patients diagnosed with stage 3-4 CKD who visited the Nephrology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine from December 2022 to June 2023 were included and randomly assigned into observation and control groups in a ratio of 1∶1. The control group received conventional therapy plus Shenkang suppositories， while the observation group received conventional therapy plus Tongfu Xiezhuo enema. After 8 weeks of treatment， the clinical efficacy was assessed based on the changes in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom scores， renal function indicators， and NLR. Result① Both groups showed decreases in TCM symptom scores after treatment （P<0.01）， and the decreases were more significant in the observation group than in the control group （P<0.05）. The total response rate of TCM symptoms in the observation group was 79.31% （23/29）， which was higher than that （62.96%， 17/27） in the control group （Z=0.604，P<0.05）. ② After treatment， the observation group showed declined serum levels of creatinine （SCr）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， and cystatin C （Cys C） and increased glomerular filtration rate （GFR） （P<0.01）， and the control group showed lowered SCr level and increased GFR （P<0.05）. The observation group had lower SCr level and higher GFR than the control group after treatment （P<0.05）. The total response rate of renal function in the observation group was 79.31% （23/29）， which was higher than that （55.56%， 15/27） in the control group （Z=1.127，P<0.01）. ③ The NLR in the observation group decreased after treatment （P<0.05）， and it was lower than that in the control group （P<0.05）. ④ There were no significant differences in safety indicators between the two groups before and after treatment. ConclusionTongfu Xiezhuo enema ameliorated symptoms and improved renal function indicators in the patients with stage 3-4 CKD by reducing the NLR and inhibiting inflammation.

Sustained and controlled release preparation is ideal for reducing the side effects of drugs, improving patient compliance and enhancing efficacy, among which oral sustained-release tablets are the most widely used. The in vitro release of the preparation is closely related to the in vivo absorption of the drug. However, current in vitro release experiments are labor-intensive and destructive, and the lack of big data also makes it difficult to establish good in vivo and in vitro correlations. Computer modeling, as a technical means that can transform objective principles into mathematical models, has great prospects in data prediction. This review explores the existing computer modeling methods that can be used to predict in vitro release profiles of oral sustained-release tablets, and further discusses auxiliary technologies that can improve the accuracy of the models, providing new ideas for drug development.