OBJECTIVE To explore the indexes affecting the prognosis of the ICU patients with sepsis,establish the nomogram model for prediction of 28-day mortality rate,and validate it.METHODS On the basis of criteria for diagnosis of sepsis(3.0 version),the related data of the sepsis patients were extracted from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-Ⅳ(MIMIC-Ⅳ)database for retrospective study and were randomly divided into the train-ing set and the validation set in a 7∶3 ratio.Univariate analysis and multivariate Cox proportional risk regression analysis were performed for the screening of influencing factors for prediction of 28-day mortality of the sepsis pa-tients.The nomogram prediction model was established based on the screened factors and was validated by the val-idation set,and the effect was evaluated.RESULTS A total of 7 955 sepsis patients were included.Seven variables were selected to establish the nomogram model for prediction of the 28-day mortality rate.The nomogram showed favorable performance in identification between the two cohorts,the area under receiver operating characteristic curves(AUROCs)were 0.748 and 0.721,respectively.Calibration curves and Hosmer-Lemeshow test(x2=8.689,10.614;P=0.369,0.225)indicated that the model had remarkable effect on correction.With the per-formance of decision curve analysis(DCA)and clinical impact curve(CIC),the model was considered to have high clinical application value.CONCLUSIONS The nomogram model shows favorable performance in prediction of the 28-day mortality rate and calibration capability.It is worthy to be further promoted and applied.

Pleomorphic adenoma arising from the torus tubarius of the nasopharynx is an extremely rare entity with limited epidemiological data and unclear etiological mechanisms. Its pathogenesis may be related to the eustachian tube salivary glands. Here we report an elderly female patient with a long history of snoring, hypernasal speech and epistaxis. Following comprehensive diagnostic evaluation, the patient underwent tumor resection under nasal endoscopy. There were no postoperative complications, the symptoms were significantly improved, and there was no obvious recurrence during the follow-up. We summarized the experience of diagnosis and treatment of giant pleomorphic adenoma of the tubal torus. The main treatment for tubal torus pleomorphic adenoma is complete surgical resection, with a good prognosis and a low recurrence rate.
Humans ; Female ; Adenoma, Pleomorphic/surgery* ; Aged ; Nasopharynx/pathology*

OBJECTIVE To explore the indexes affecting the prognosis of the ICU patients with sepsis,establish the nomogram model for prediction of 28-day mortality rate,and validate it.METHODS On the basis of criteria for diagnosis of sepsis(3.0 version),the related data of the sepsis patients were extracted from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-Ⅳ(MIMIC-Ⅳ)database for retrospective study and were randomly divided into the train-ing set and the validation set in a 7∶3 ratio.Univariate analysis and multivariate Cox proportional risk regression analysis were performed for the screening of influencing factors for prediction of 28-day mortality of the sepsis pa-tients.The nomogram prediction model was established based on the screened factors and was validated by the val-idation set,and the effect was evaluated.RESULTS A total of 7 955 sepsis patients were included.Seven variables were selected to establish the nomogram model for prediction of the 28-day mortality rate.The nomogram showed favorable performance in identification between the two cohorts,the area under receiver operating characteristic curves(AUROCs)were 0.748 and 0.721,respectively.Calibration curves and Hosmer-Lemeshow test(x2=8.689,10.614;P=0.369,0.225)indicated that the model had remarkable effect on correction.With the per-formance of decision curve analysis(DCA)and clinical impact curve(CIC),the model was considered to have high clinical application value.CONCLUSIONS The nomogram model shows favorable performance in prediction of the 28-day mortality rate and calibration capability.It is worthy to be further promoted and applied.

Objective To compare H_p(3) calibration with a homemade (A) thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) and an imported (B) TLD in a standard X-ray RQR radiation field, to explore the different responses of A and B, and to provide foundation for the calibration of H_p(3). Methods A column mode was selected. H_p(3) calibration was performed using A and B in a standard X-ray RQR radiation field in the Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory, National Institute for Radiological Protection, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Angle response, energy response, and linear response were calibrated with RQR4 (60 kV), RQR7 (90 kV), and RQR9 (120 kV), respectively. Results In terms of angle response, the calibration results of A were relatively high, while the calibration results of B were relatively low. In terms of energy response, the calibration results showed a similar pattern to angle response. In terms of linear response, the calibration results of both A and B were satisfactory. Conclusion Both A and B can be used for normal calibration of H_p(3) in a standard X-ray RQR radiation field. However, in actual monitoring, attention should be paid to the energy and angle response values of TLDs.

Objective To discuss the shielding calculation method for proton therapy room, and to provide a scientific basis for shielding design of proton therapy room and improvement of existing national standards. Methods Using the calculation formula and key characteristic parameters from national standards and Chinese and foreign literature, combining with the FLUKA Monte Carlo method, empirical formula calculation and Monte Carlo simulation were conducted for the neutron ambient dose equivalent rates of the focuses outside the shielding of proton therapy room. The estimation results of the two methods were analyzed. Results Relative to the calculation results of the single exponential formula in the two directions of 0° and 50° in the beam loss point of divergence slit (0.13 and 12.4), the calculation results of the double exponential formula (0.40 and 17.9) were more consistent with the Monte Carlo simulation results (0.32 ± 0.19 and 18.2 ± 4.98). The Monte Carlo simulation results of copper target and nickel target were similar, suggesting that the key characteristic parameters of concrete shielding for copper target could be well applied to the calculation of nickel target, but the neutron ambient dose equivalent rates were underestimated when applied to tantalum target, with a difference of 5.7 times and 1.3 times in the two directions of 0° and 40°, respectively. Conclusion The dose rate estimates based on the calculation formula and key characteristic parameters from Chinese and foreign literature are consistent with FLUKA simulation results, and this method can be used in the shielding design of proton therapy room as a supplement and improvement to the existing national standards.

There are many kinds of pharmaceutical preparations for children in China, which are generally divided into oral solid preparations and oral liquid preparations. Solid preparations, such as microtablets, pellets, dispersible tablets, and fine granules, have become the development trend of pediatric drugs. Liquid preparations mainly include syrup, suspension, oral solution, and drops. The poor taste and the treatment of drugs in children of different ages are the key factors affecting the efficacy, safety, and compliance of pediatric drugs. To reduce the risk caused by the fluctuation of blood concentration and improve the oral compliance of pediatric drugs, it is urgent to develop new techniques for granulation and flavor maskingto improve the poor taste of solid preparations. For liquid pre-parations with poor taste, the flavor correction technique should be used. This paper summarized the new pharmaceutical techniques for granulation and flavor masking, and it was found that sustained/controlled-releasegranules, fine granules, and chewing solid mini-tablets became the mainstream of oral solid preparations for children. Generally, multiparticle preparation, coating, microencapsulation, and other granulating techniques were involved in these preparations. Granulation and flavor masking are closely related and synergetic. Flavor masking techniques mask the bitter taste of Chinese medicine from four aspects, including confusing the brain taste, changing the compounds, reducing the exposure of bitter molecules to bitter receptors in the mouth, and numbing the taste cells to increase the threshold of bitter perception. At present, the main drugs for children on the market mainly inhibit the oral release of bitter drugs.
Child ; Humans ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods* ; Administration, Oral ; Tablets ; Taste ; China

Rapid detection and response to visual threats are critical for survival in animals. The amygdala (AMY) is hypothesized to be involved in this process, but how it interacts with the visual system to do this remains unclear. By recording flash-evoked potentials simultaneously from the superior colliculus (SC), lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus, AMY, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and visual cortex, which belong to the cortical and subcortical pathways for visual fear processing, we investigated the temporal relationship between these regions in visual processing in rats. A quick flash-evoked potential (FEP) component was identified in the AMY. This emerged as early as in the LGN and was approximately 25 ms prior to the earliest component recorded in the SC, which was assumed to be an important area in visual fear. This quick P1 component in the AMY was not affected by restraint stress or corticosterone injection, but was diminished by RU38486, a glucocorticoid receptor blocker. By injecting a monosynaptic retrograde AAV tracer into the AMY, we found that it received a direct projection from the retina. These results confirm the existence of a direct connection from the retina to the AMY, that the latency in the AMY to flashes is equivalent to that in the sensory thalamus, and that the response is modulated by glucocorticoids.

Objective:To explore the relationship of sleep quality and sleep duration with hypertension among adults aged 30-79 years old in Guangzhou.Methods:According to multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, 12 747 residents aged 30-79 years old were sampled and surveyed in Guangzhou from January 2018 to March 2019. Data on general demographic characteristics, sleep quality, sleep duration and hypertension were collected through questionnaire survey, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and physical examination. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the putative association between sleep quality, sleep duration and hypertension. Restrictive cubic spline curve was used to draw the dose-response relationship curve between sleep quality, sleep time and hypertension.Results:The mean age of the subjects was (52.68±12.17) years, the prevalence of hypertension was 36.6% (4 664/12 747), the average score of PSQI was (4.70±2.88), and the average sleep time was (7.00±1.32) hours. The prevalence of hypertension was positively associated with the PSQI score. Compared to the subjects with a score less than 3, OR (95% CI) of hypertension with a PSQI score of 3-5, 5-8, ≥9 were 1.14 (1.02-1.27), 1.17 (1.03-1.34), 1.41 (1.21-1.64), respectively. The relationship between sleep duration and hypertension appeared U-shaped. Compared with 6 to 8 hours sleep duration, both sleep duration<6 hours with OR(95% CI) of 1.27(1.12-1.43) or >8 hours with OR(95% CI) of 1.20(1.05-1.38) was associated with hypertension. Conclusion:Both poor sleep quality, longer or shorter sleep duration were responsible for increased risk of cognitive impairment in older Chinese.

Objective:To explore the relationship of sleep quality and sleep duration with hypertension among adults aged 30-79 years old in Guangzhou.Methods:According to multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, 12 747 residents aged 30-79 years old were sampled and surveyed in Guangzhou from January 2018 to March 2019. Data on general demographic characteristics, sleep quality, sleep duration and hypertension were collected through questionnaire survey, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and physical examination. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the putative association between sleep quality, sleep duration and hypertension. Restrictive cubic spline curve was used to draw the dose-response relationship curve between sleep quality, sleep time and hypertension.Results:The mean age of the subjects was (52.68±12.17) years, the prevalence of hypertension was 36.6% (4 664/12 747), the average score of PSQI was (4.70±2.88), and the average sleep time was (7.00±1.32) hours. The prevalence of hypertension was positively associated with the PSQI score. Compared to the subjects with a score less than 3, OR (95% CI) of hypertension with a PSQI score of 3-5, 5-8, ≥9 were 1.14 (1.02-1.27), 1.17 (1.03-1.34), 1.41 (1.21-1.64), respectively. The relationship between sleep duration and hypertension appeared U-shaped. Compared with 6 to 8 hours sleep duration, both sleep duration<6 hours with OR(95% CI) of 1.27(1.12-1.43) or >8 hours with OR(95% CI) of 1.20(1.05-1.38) was associated with hypertension. Conclusion:Both poor sleep quality, longer or shorter sleep duration were responsible for increased risk of cognitive impairment in older Chinese.

OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for simultaneous determination of contents of β-pinene， linalool， L-camphor， L-borneol， β-caryophyllene and xanthoxylin in the oil of Blumea balsamifera. METHODS： GC method was adopted. The determination was performed on RTX-1701 capillary column （programmed temperature）. The FID detector was controlled at 240 ℃. The inlet temperature was set at 240 ℃. The carrier gas was high-purity nitrogen 3 mL/min. The the sample size was 0.5 μL， and split ratio was 50 ∶ 1. RESULTS： The linear range of β-pinene， linalool， L-camphor， L-borneol， β-caryophyllene and xanthoxylin were 0.029 7-0.267 1 mg/mL （r＝0.999 9）， 0.024 3-0.218 9 mg/mL （r＝0.999 9）， 0.126 0-1.134 0 mg/mL （r＝0.999 9）， 0.217 2-1.954 8 mg/mL （r＝0.999 9）， 0.136 3-1.226 9 mg/mL （r＝0.999 9）， 0.044 5-0.400 3 mg/mL（r＝0.999 5）， respectively. The limits of quantitation were 0.028 5， 0.008 7， 0.018 6， 0.016 8， 0.014 5， 0.042 1 mg/mL； the limits of detection were 0.009 4， 0.002 9， 0.006 1， 0.005 5， 0.004 8， 0.013 9 mg/mL， respectively. RSDs of precision， stability， reproducibility and durability tests were all lower than 3％. The average recoveries were 98.13％-101.30％（RSD＝1.20％，n＝9），98.44％-101.81％（RSD＝1.28％，n＝9），98.26％-101.05％（RSD＝1.19％，n＝9），99.08％-101.58％（RSD＝0.89％，n＝9），98.66％-101.66％（RSD＝1.17％，n＝9），98.84％-103.60％（RSD＝0.96％，n＝9）， respectively. The contents of 6 components in the sample were 14.552-46.766， 16.951-22.096， 80.597-113.115， 205.224-242.537， 47.761-135.697， 26.493-45.771 mg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS： The established method is simple， accurate， precise and reproducible， which can be used for simultaneous determination of contents of 6 components in the oil of B. balsamifera. It can provide reference for comprehensive evaluation and extraction technology study of the oil of B. balsamifera.