Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)has been used for more than 10 years, with its safety and precision well-verified. In recent years, FLACS has been gradually applied to patients with glaucoma and cataracts, especially those patients with primary angle closure glaucoma(PACG). The unique anatomical characteristics of PACG increase the difficulty of lens extraction and potential complications in conventional phacoemulsification surgery, highlighting the distinct advantages of FLACS in these patients. Recently, the application of FLACS combined with minimally invasive glaucoma surgery(MIGS)in patients with open angle glaucoma, and goniosynechialysis(GSL)in patients with angle-closure glaucoma, and even in patients with filtering blebs after anti-glaucoma surgery, has been reported. The indications for FLACS are increasingly expanding. FLACS can cause a transient intraoperative increase in intraocular pressure(IOP), and ocular parameters can have a certain impact on IOP. The long-term effects on IOP require further research. More attention should be paid to the impact of FLACS on visual function in glaucoma patients and the related complications that may arise. This article reviews the application of FLACS in different types of glaucoma, its effects on IOP and visual function, specific complications, and application prospects.

Objective:To evaluate the role of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes in curcumin-induced reduction of sevoflurane-induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction in rats.Methods:Forty SPF healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 17-18 months, with body mass index of 580-600 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=10 each) by a random number table method: control group (C group), postoperative cognitive dysfunction group (P group), curcumin group (CU group), and curcumin+ NLRP3 inflammasome activator group (CN group). The rat model of postoperative cognitive dysfunction was prepared by inhaling 1.5% sevoflurane to explore the abdominal cavity. Curcumin suspension 300 mg/kg was given by intragastric administration in CU group and CN group, and the rats received intragastric administration of nidrisin sodium 5 mg/kg simultaneously in CN group, once a day for 6 consecutive days. Rats received the equal volume of normal saline instead in C group and P group. The frequency of crossing the original platform and time spent in the target quadrant were measured by the Morris water maze test. The histopathological changes of hippocampus were observed by HE staining, neuronal apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining, and the expression of NLRP3, Bcl-2 and Bax was detected by Western blot. Results:Compared with C group, the frequency of crossing the original platform was significantly reduced, the time spent in the target quadrant was shortened, the apoptosis rate of neurons was increased, and the expression of NLRP3 and Bax was up-regulated, and the expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated in P group ( P<0.05). Compared with P group, the frequency of crossing the original platform was significantly increased, the time spent in the target quadrant was prolonged, the apoptosis rate of neurons was decreased, and the expression of NLRP3 and Bax was down-regulated, and the expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated in CU group ( P<0.05). Compared with CU group, the frequency of crossing the original platform was significantly reduced, the time spent in the target quadrant was shortened, the apoptosis rate of neurons was increased, and the expression of NLRP3 and Bax was up-regulated, and the expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated in CN group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in curcumin-induced reduction of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in sevoflurane-anesthetized rats.

Objective To identify the key genes and targeted protection methods affecting the survival of human islets. Methods Using bioinformatics method, the gene expression profile (GSE53454) was selected through screening and comparison from Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) database. GEO2R tool was employed to screen the differentially expressed gene(DEG) between the human islets exposed (exposure group) and non-exposed (non-exposure group) to interleukin (IL)-1β and interferon (IFN)-γ for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed by DAVID. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING and Cytoscape apps. Results A total of 69 up-regulated DEGs and 2 down-regulated DEGs were identified. GO analysis showed that during the biological process, DEGs were enriched in the aspects of virus defense and inflammatory response. In cellular components, DEGs were significantly enriched in extracellular space, outside plasma membrane and extracellular regions. Regarding molecular functions, DEGs were significantly enriched in chemokine activity and cytokine activity. KEGG analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly enriched in multiple signaling pathways, such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, virus protein-cytokine and cytokine-receptor interaction, etc. Ten key genes (STAT1, CXCL10, IRF1, IL6, CXCL9, CCL5, CXCL11, ISG15, CD274, IFIT3) with high connectivity were selected by STRING analysis, all of which were significantly up-regulated in human islets exposed to IL-1β and IFN-γ. Six genes (STAT1, CXCL10, CXCL9, CXCL11, CCL5, IL6) were screened by KEGG enrichment analysis, mainly in Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Conclusions STAT1, CXCL10, CXCL9, CXCL11, CCL5 and IL6 are the key genes affecting the survival of human islets, which are mainly enriched in Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and act as important targets for islet protection.

As an effective procedure for type 1 diabetes mellitus and end-stage type 2 diabetes mellitus, islet transplantation could enable those patients to obtain proper control of blood glucose levels. Instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) is a nonspecific inflammation during early stage after islet transplantation. After IBMIR occurs, coagulation cascade, complement system activation and inflammatory cell aggregation may be immediately provoked, leading to loss of a large quantity of transplant islets, which severely affects clinical efficacy of islet transplantation. How to alleviate the islet damage caused by IBMIR is a hot topic in islet transplantation. Heparin and etanercept, an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-α, are recommended as drugs for treating IBMIR following islet transplantation. Recent studies have demonstrated that multiple approaches and drugs may be adopted to mitigate the damage caused by IBMIR to the islets. In this article, the findings in clinical and preclinical researches were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for the management of IBMIR after islet transplantation.

Objective:To evaluate the role of ketamine in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and to clarify the association with subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve in mice.Methods:One hundred and forty-four SPF healthy male C57BL/6J mice, aged 18 months, weighing 32-35 g, were divided into 8 groups ( n=18 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group C), surgery group (group S), ketamine + surgery group (group SK), ketamine + surgery + subdiaphragmatic vagotomy group (group SK+ SDV), pseudo germ-free mice+ normal saline group (group GM+ V), pseudo germ-free mice that received fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from group S mice group (group GM+ S), pseudo germ-free mice that received FMT from group SK mice group (group GM+ SK), and pseudo germ-free mice received subdiaphragmatic vagotomy and FMT from group SK mice group (group GM+ SDV+ SK). Tibial fracture internal fixation was performed under anesthesia with 2.0% isoflurane. Ketamine 50 mg/kg was intraoperatively administered at the beginning of the suture in group SK. The fecal samples were collected at 24 h after surgery to prepare fecal bacteria filtrate in S and SK groups. The dorsal and ventral branches of subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve were cut prior to ketamine administration in SK+ SDV group and prior to FMT in GM+ SDV+ SK group. Broad-spectrum antibiotics dissolved in drinking water were given ad libitum to mice for 14 consecutive days at 2 weeks before FMT or subdiaphragmatic vagotomy and replaced once every 2 days to establish the pseudo germ-free model. Pseudo germ-free mice were gavaged with normal saline or fecal suspension 200 μl obtained from mice for 14 consecutive days at fixed time starting from 14 days after antibiotic intervention in GM+ SK and GM+ SDV+ SK groups. While normal saline was given instead for 14 consecutive days in GM+ V group. The fecal samples were collected after tibial fracture internal fixation or at 24 h after completion of FMT for 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The contents of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-4 and IL-10 in the hippocampus were measured by enzyme linked-immuno-sorbent assay at 24 h after surgery or FMT. The spatial memory and learning ability was assessed by the Morris water maze test at 24 h after surgery or FMT. Results:Compared with group Sham, Simpson′s diversity index, Shannon index and Ace index were significantly decreased, the contents of IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α were increased, contents of IL-4 and IL-10 were decreased, the escape latency in the training and testing phases and swimming distance were prolonged, and the time spent in the target quadrant was shortened in group S ( P<0.05). Compared with group S, Simpson′s diversity index, Shannon index and Ace index were significantly increased, the contents of IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α were decreased, contents of IL-4 and IL-10 were increased, the escape latency in the training and testing phases and swimming distance were shortened, and the time spent in the target quadrant was prolonged in group SK ( P<0.05). Compared with group SK, Simpson′s diversity index, Shannon index and Ace index were significantly decreased, the contents of IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α were increased, contents of IL-4 and IL-10 were decreased, the escape latency in the training and testing phases and swimming distance were prolonged, and the time spent in the target quadrant was shortened in group SK+ SDV ( P<0.05). Compared with group GM+ V, the contents of IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α were significantly increased, contents of IL-4 and IL-10 were decreased, the escape latency in the training and testing phases and swimming distance were prolonged, and the time spent in the target quadrant was shortened in group GM+ S ( P<0.05). Compared with group GM+ S, the contents of IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α were significantly decreased, contents of IL-4 and IL-10 were increased, the escape latency in the training and testing phases and swimming distance were shortened, and the time spent in the target quadrant was prolonged in group GM+ S ( P<0.05). Compared with group GM+ SK, the contents of IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α were significantly increased, contents of IL-4 and IL-10 were decreased, the escape latency in the training and testing phases and swimming distance were prolonged, and the time spent in the target quadrant was shortened in group GM+ SDV+ SK ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Ketamine can improve intestinal flora disorders and reduce POCD in mice, and the mechanism may be related to subdiaphragmatic vagal nerve conduction.

Multi-angle plane-wave beamforming algorithm is the basis of ultra-fast ultrasonic imaging. It can be used to improve the imaging frame rate and resolution of traditional focused ultrasound. However, the existing multi-angle plane-wave technology can not satisfy the real-time imaging requirements due to the huge amount of computation required by CPU. In this paper, We proposed a parallel processing method to reduce the computation time based on compute unified device architecture(CUDA). Simulation analysis and contrast experiment were conducted to verify its performance. Experimental results show that the execution time based on GPU is much less than that based on CPU, thus the computational speed is accelerated significantly to satisfy the demand of ultrafast imaging.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety and to analyze related complications and potential prognostic factors of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT ) on hematological malignancies .Methods Patients with hemato-logical malignancies who underwent allo-HSCT from June 2010 to June 2015 were investigated in this retrospective study .Accord-ing to the donor types ,it was divided into compatriots sibling-matched transplantation group (n = 52) and haploid transplantation group (n= 98) .The preconditioning regimens were busulfan/cyclophosphamide ,and anti-thymocyte globulin were needed in haploid transplantation group .Short-term methotrexate + cyclosporine A + mycophenolate mofetil were used for prevention of graft-ver-sus-host disease .The efficacy and safety and related complications of allo-HSCT were analyzed .Results All patients achieved full donor type engraftment ,which was identified by blood type ,chromosome test and DNA polymorphism .The mean times of neutro-phil and platelet engraftment were 12 d and 16 d in compatriots sibling-matched transplantation group and 13 d and 16 d in haploid transplantation group ,respectively .59 cases (39 .3% ) patients were oral mucosa ulcer ,47 patients (31 .3% ) were bacteria and/or fungal infection ,41 cases (27 .3% ) patients were CMV infection ,48 cases (32 .0% ) were acute GVHD ,43 patients (28 .7% ) were chronic GVHD .The median follow-up time of 23 months (1 - 60 months) ,115 patients (76 .7% ,115/150) were disease-free sur-vival ,including 38 cases (73 .1% ,38/52) in compatriots sibling-matched transplantation group ,77 cases (78 .6% ,77/98) in haploid transplantation group ;35 cases (23 .3% ,35/150) patients were died ,including 14 cases (26 .9% ,14/52) in compatriots sibling-matched transplantation group ,21 cases (21 .4% ,21/98) in haploid transplantation group .Death cause analysis showed that 12 ca-ses (8 .0% ) complications from transplantation related death ,of which 5 cases (3 .3% ) were severe infection ,7 cases (4 .7% ) caused by acute GVHD ,23 cases (8 .7% ) patients died because of the primary disease recurrence .The survival rate and mortality was similar between the two groups (P> 0 .05) .Conclusion Allo-HSCT is safe and effective treatment in hematological malignan-cies .The curative effect and security with haploid transplantation were similar to compatriots sibling-matched transplantation .It is necessary to prevent prognostic impact factors such as acute GVHD and infection early .

Objective To establish thyrotropin( TSH) and thyroid hormones reference ranges during the neonatal period for the healthy term newborns in Suqian. Methods Blood samples from a heel-prick were collected from 500 healthy newborns 72 hours after birth to determine the level of TSH. 200 healthy newborns were chosen to determine the levels of serum TSH and thyroid hormones on the 14th day of life, and then compared with the results from 120 healthy adults. Results The reference range of TSH at 72 hours after birth was 0. 46-6. 59 mIU/ L. The reference ranges of TT3 , TT4 , TSH, FT3 , FT4 on the 14th day of life were 1. 10-2. 62 nmol/ L, 81. 10-158. 28 nmol/ L, 0. 83-6. 39 mIU/ L, 3. 76-6. 66 pmol/ L, and 10. 67-22. 27 pmol/ L, respectively. There was no significant difference in the interval of TSH between newborns and adluts, whereas there were significant difference in the intervals of TT3 , TT4 , FT3 , and FT4 between the two groups. Conclusions The establishment of TSH and thyroid hormone reference ranges during the neonatal period for the healthy term newborns could improve our understanding of the thyroid function during the neonatal period for the healthy term newborns, and our data suggests lowing the initiatory screening cut-off point of congential hypothyroidism.

Objective This study compares a dual-freeze protocol with a triple freeze protocol for hepatic cryoablation in the Tibetan pig model.Method Cryoablation with a dual-(10-5-10-5 min)and triple-freeze (5-5-5-5-10-5 min) protocol for the normal livers of 9 Tibet pigs was performed under exposed operation.Temperature changes of cryoprobes and diameter changes of iceballs were measured during the ablation,and seven days later the pathological changes of cryozones were reviewed and the surface and depth cryolesions were measured.Results Compared with cryoablation with two freeze-thaw cycles,there was a greater iceball diameter for cryoablation by three freeze-thaw cycles.Also,seven days after cryosurgery,there were similar surface and deep cryolesions in dual-and triple-freeze protocols.Pathologically,the triple freezing protocol was associated with a longer zone of complete necrosis.Conclusions With the same freezing time (20 min),the triple-freeze protocol may become a more powerful liver-ablation method in cryosurgical application.