As a key enzyme in the nitrogen cycle,urease is not only a nitrogen source for the growth of organisms,but also a virulence factor found in various pathogenic bacteria.The urease produced by Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)plays an im-portant role in the colonization and survival of H.pylori.However,H.pylori infections are closely associated with gastrointestinal diseases such as intestinal metaplasia,active gastritis,peptic ulcer and gastric cancer.With the increasing of drug-resistant strains,there is an urgent need for effective and safe new drugs,so H.pylori has become one of the most frequently studied ure-ase-producing bacteria.Urease has also received considerable attention as a potential target for antibacterial drugs.Medicinal plants with high safety have been proven to have therapeutic potential,and many natural plant extracts have become the inspira-tion and starting point of new drug development;previous studies have also found that many naturally occurring flavonoids have anti-urease activity.Therefore,this review summarizes the effects of inhibiting some plant-derived flavonoids on H.pylori urease.According to their origins,structural characteristics,and possible mechanism of action,we seek and develop plant-derived com-pounds with the specificity of anti-H.pylori,which can provide references for developing clinical drug candidates.

The paper introduces Professor XU Yunxiang's experience in treatment of tic disorder with Xu's manual flying needling therapy by both hands. This therapy is characterized by the integration of yinyang regulation and the painless technique of manual flying needling. It is especially applicable to pediatric encephalopathy. Professor XU Yunxiang believes that tic disorder is related to the liver hyperactivity and spleen weakness, and the imbalance in the sea of marrow in pathogenesis. The treatment should focus on inhibiting the wood, supporting the earth, eliminating the wind and regulating the mind. The acupoints are specially selected on the head and from the back-shu points, the front-mu points and the affected meridians. The needling technique is featured by "flying for calming down the mind, manipulating with both hands simultaneously, combining the back-shu points and the front-mu points, inducing the sensation transmission, obtaining the reinforcing and reducing with both hands and removing the needles for tranquilizing the mind". This therapy is aimed at regulating the mind, qi and body movement. It increases the efficiency of acupuncture, reduces needling pain, strengthens needling sensation and improves children's compliance.
Humans ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Tic Disorders/physiopathology*

Functional constipation（FC）is a common functional digestive system disease in children，accounting for more than 90% of children's constipation.In addition to the labor of defecation，FC can also occure a series of functional indigestion symptoms such as abdominal pain，abdominal distension，acid retrope，anorexia and can even cause secondary pathological changes in the whole body and intestines.Because of the complex pathogenesis and difficult management of FC,early diagnosis,differential diagnosis,simple and efficient auxiliary examination and safe and effective treatment scheme of FC in children are the focus of current research.This review summarized the research progress in the diagnosis and treatment of FC in children,in order to provide the diagnosis and treatment ideas for pediatricians.

Functional constipation（FC）is a common functional digestive system disease in children，accounting for more than 90% of children's constipation.In addition to the labor of defecation，FC can also occure a series of functional indigestion symptoms such as abdominal pain，abdominal distension，acid retrope，anorexia and can even cause secondary pathological changes in the whole body and intestines.Because of the complex pathogenesis and difficult management of FC,early diagnosis,differential diagnosis,simple and efficient auxiliary examination and safe and effective treatment scheme of FC in children are the focus of current research.This review summarized the research progress in the diagnosis and treatment of FC in children,in order to provide the diagnosis and treatment ideas for pediatricians.

There are few reports on the study of extraperitoneal robotic single-port laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in China. In this study, patients with localized prostate cancer were treated with extraperitoneal robotic single-port laparoscopic radical prostatectomy extraperitoneal robot-assisted single-port laparoscopic radical prostatectomy(EpRA-spRP)from April 2019 to June 2019.All patients performed EpRA-spRP successfully without adding additional auxiliary port. The operation time and blood loss were controllable, and hospitalization time was short. It is safe and feasible to perform EpRA-spRP for medium and low-risk prostate cancer. The short-term tumor control and functional recovery are satisfactory.However, the long-term effect needs further follow-up and observation.

Objective:To assess the safety and feasibility of single-port robotic radical cystectomy.Methods:During May 2019 and August 2019, nine patients (8 males, 1 female) received single-port robotic radical cystectomy by the same surgeon. The average age was 65.6(56-78)years. After a 4.5-5.5 cm trans-umbilical incision was made, Lagiport was inserted. Da Vinci Si system 1 #, 2 # arms and 30° lens were applied. Radical cystectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy were performed without additional ports. Urinary diversion was completed outside the body. Uterus and vaginal anterior walls were also resected for female patient. Results:All 9 surgeries were successfully conducted without additional ports or conversion to laparoscopic and open surgery. The average operation time was 437.8(280-600)min. Urinary diversion methods included 2 orthotopic ileal neobladder, 5 ideal conduit and 2 cutaneous ureterostomy. Average estimated blood loss was 227.8(100-450)ml, without blood transfusion. Average intestinal recovery time was 3.1(2-4)days, drainage duration was 8.3(3-16) days, and postoperative hospital stays was 7.7(6-13) days. Pathological TNM stage: T 2aN 0M 0 6 cases, T 2bN 0M 0 1 case, T 3aN 3M 0 1 case, T isN 0M 0 1 case. All surgical margins were negative. One bowel obstruction was cured with fasting and indwelling gastric tube. During 9-12 months’ follow-up, no tumor recurrence and metastasis were observed. There was no hydronephrosis or ureterostenosis. All surgical incision healed well. Conclusions:For experienced surgeons, single-port robotic radical cystectomy is safe and feasible with small incision and fast recovery. Short-term clinical result is satisfied.

Objective To compare the perioperative parameters and renal function in patients,whose aged was 65 year-old or above,with clinical T1-2 renal tumors undergoing partial nephrectomy (PN) or radical nephrectomy (RN).Methods A retrospective review of 469 patients,who underwent RN and PN in our center,was conducted from January 2012 to November 2018,icluding 247 in the RN group and 222 in the PN group.The RN group consisted of 170 male and 77 female patients,with the mean age of (70.96 ± 5.21) year-old.126 cases were found that the tumor located on the fight side,with the median diameter of (4.93 ± 2.03) cm.The median BMI,median R.E.N.A.L.score and pre-operation eGFR of the RN group were (24.4 ± 3.1) kg/m2,8.39 ± 1.45) and (80.23 ± 15.14) ml/(min · 1.73 m2),respectively.The PN group consisted of 150 male and 72 female patients,with the mean age of (70.23 ± 4.62) years old.108 patients had tumors on the left side while 114 on the right side,with the median diameter of (3.17 ± 1.41) cm.The median BMI,median R.E.N.A.L score and pre-operation eGFR of the PN group were (23.5 ± 3.2) kg/m2,(6.69 ± 1.81) and (82.83 ± 14.36) ml/(min · 1.73m2),respectively.No statistical difference was noticed in the age,gender,tumor location and BMI between RN group and PN group(P ＞ 0.05).The PN group had smaller tumors and lower R.E.N.A.L.scores than the RN group (P ＜ 0.05).Various parameters were compared between the PN and RN groups,including operative duration,surgical procedure,intraoperative blood loss,perioperative blood transfusion,drainage tube removal time,postoperative duration of hospitalization,pathological results,the renal function immediately after surgery and at 1 month,1 year,2 years,3 years,4 years,5 years after surgery,and the incidence of chronic renal dysfunction.Results Significant differences were found in multiple variables between the two cohorts,such as operative duration [(115.70 ± 39.69) min in RN vs.(132.26 ± 49.02) min in PN],estimated intraoperative blood loss [(45.85 ± 55.93) days in RN vs.(66.60 ± 61.55) ml in PN],drainage tube removal time [(4.38 ± 1.71) days in RN vs.(4.86 ± 1.61) days in PN],duration of postoperative hospitalization [(5.14 ± 1.65) days in RN vs.(5.52 ± 1.32) days in PN] (P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore,higher proportion of RCC was detected in the RN cohort (93.5％ in RN vs.86.5 ％ in PN,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in perioperative blood transfusion rate between the two cohorts (10.93％ vs.9.01％,P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the RN cohort,the PN cohort had higher eGFR immediately after surgery [(74.08 ± 18.31) ml/(min · 1.73m2) vs.(52.58 ± 14.21) ml/(min · 1.73m2)],1 month after surgery [(76.11 ± 18.34) ml/(min · 1.73m2) vs.(53.78 ± 15.03)ml/(min · 1.73m2)] and at the last follow-up [(73.92 ± 18.59) ml/(min · 1.73m2) vs.(52.35 ± 16.13) ml/(min · 1.73m2)] (P ＜ 0.001).Compared with those of the RN cohort,the incidences of eGFR ＜ 45 ml/(min · 1.73m2) of the PN cohort were lower immediately after surgery [9.01％ (20/222) vs.31.9％ (79/247)],1 month after surgery [7.87％ (14/178) vs.27.31％ (62/227)],1 year after surgery [8.96％ (13/145) vs.38.75％ (62/16 0)],2 years after surgery [9.89％ (9/91) vs.31.57％ (42/133)],3 years after surgery [13.21％ (7/53) vs.30.61％ (30/98)],4 years after surgery [16.21％ (6/37) vs.30.26％ (23/76)] and 5 years after surgery [18.18％ (4/22) vs.31.11％ (14/45)] (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion The perioperative risk of PN in the treatment of elderly patients aged 65 and above with clinical cT1-2 renal tumor is controllable.PN could better retain renal function for those patients and reduce the risk of postoperative chronic renal insufficiency.

OBJECTIVETo observe the expression change of mitophagy-related proteins in skeletal muscle in rats with spleen deficiency syndrome and to explain the partial action mechanism of acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) for spleen deficiency syndrome.

METHODSForty male SD rats, after normal feeding, were randomly divided into a normal group, a spleen deficiency group, a Zusanli group and a non-acupoint group, ten rats in each group. Except the normal group, the three factors modeling method was used for 14 days to establish the model of spleen deficiency syndrome on the other 3 groups. The rats in the Zusanli group were treated with EA at bilateral "Zusanli" (ST 36), while the rats in the non-acupoint group were treated with EA at bilateral non acupoint (dense-sparse wave, frequency of 2 Hz/100 Hz, 20 min per treatment, once a day for 10 days). The rats in the normal group and spleen deficiency group were treated with immobilization for 20 min per day, and no EA was given. The HPLC method was applied to measure the content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in skeletal muscle. The Western blotting method was applied to measure the expression of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), p-AMPK, ULK1, p-ULK1，LC3-Ⅰand LC3-Ⅱ in skeletal muscle.

RESULTSThe ATP content in the spleen deficiency group was significantly lower than that in the normal group (<0.01); the ATP content in the Zusanli group was significantly higher than that in the spleen deficiency group (<0.05) but lower than that in the normal group (<0.05), there was no significant difference between the non-acupoint group and the spleen deficiency group (>0.05). Compared with the normal group, the AMP/ATP in the spleen deficiency group and the Zusanli group were significantly up-regulated (<0.01, <0.05). The differences of p-AMPK/AMPK between the spleen deficiency group and the normal group was not significant (>0.05). Compared with the normal group and spleen deficiency group, the p-AMPK/AMPK in the Zusanli group was significantly up-regulated (both <0.05). The p-ULK1/ULK1 and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰin the Zusanli group was higher than those in the normal group and spleen deficiency group (all <0.01).

CONCLUSIONEA at "Zusanli" (ST 36) might activate AMPK and produce stable ULK1/AMPK compound and increase the mitochondrial autophagy, which could regulate spleen-stomach and treat spleen deficiency.

Objective To compare the operative-postoperative outcomes of laparoscopic and robotassisted partial nephrectomy (LPN and RAPN) for patients with T1 b renal masses.Methods A total of 169 T1 b renal mass patients receiving LPN (n =69) or RAPN (n =100) in our center between October 2009 and October 2017 were retrospectively collected.There were 46 males and 23 females in LPN group,with a mean age of (55.0 ± 11.9) years.The mean tumor size was (5.09 ± 0.76) cm,and mean R.E.N.A.L score was 6.36 ± 1.53.49 procedures (71％) were performed via a retroperitoneal approach in LPN group.There were 59 males and 41 females in RAPN group with a mean age of (52.9 ± 11.7) years.The mean tumor size was(4.95 ±0.66) cm,and mean R.E.N.A.L score was 8.17 ± 1.50.31 procedures (31％)were performed via a retroperitoneal approach in RAPN group.There was statistical significance between two groups in R.E.N.A.L score and surgery approach (P ＜ 0.001).The group covariates were balanced through propensity score matching (PSM) using 1∶ 1 nearest neighbor matching method.After PSM,operating time,estimated blood loss,warm ischemia time,incidence of complications,hospital stay and postoperative follow-up status were compared between LPN(n =36)and RAPN(n =36)group.Results After PSM,patient distributions were closely balanced.In the LPN vs the RAPN group,there were significant different in warm ischemia time [(23.9 ± 7.3) min vs.(20.4 ± 6.7) min,P ＜ 0.05],estimated blood loss [(136.9 ± 80.2) ml vs.(136.9 ± 80.2) ml,P ＜ 0.05],incidence of complications (8.7％ vs.1.0％,P ＜0.05),and hospital stay [(11.5 ±3.8)d vs.(9.8 ± 1.80)d].There was no significant differences resulted regarding operating time [(164.5 ± 64.4) min vs.(169.0 ± 42.5) min,P ＞ 0.05],variation of estimated glomerular filtration rate from baseline [(9.97 ± 8.98)％ vs.(9.27 ± 9.19)％,P ＞ 0.05],positive surgical margin rate (1.4％ vs.0,P ＞ 0.05) and rate of recurrence or metastasis (1.4％ vs.1.4％,P ＞ 0.05) between groups.Conclusion Considering operative,functional and oncologic outcomes,both RAPN and LPN performed by an experienced surgeon were acceptable for patients with T1b renal masses.If available,robotic approach may reduce operative trauma and complications.

Objective To investigate the role and possible mechanism of Chemokine receptor CXCR4 in the drug resistance of sorafenib in renal cell carcinoma.Methods 786-O cells were inoculated into the anterior sciatic region of nude mice subcutaneously,5 × 106 cells per point.The mice were given normal saline and sorafenib intragastric (80 mg/kg,1 time/day) when the transplanted tumor volume reached about 100 mm3.The tumor volume in the saline group was more than 1 500 mm3 at the 5th week,and the tumor was taken as the control tissue.Sorafenib group tumors started to grow accelerately at week 8,and the tumor volume was more than 1 500 mm3 at week 13.The 13th week tumors were used as resistant tissue.The expression of CXCR4 in control tissues and drug resistant tissues was detected by real-time quantitative PCR,western blotting and immunohistochemistry.The pcDNA3.1-CXCR4 plasmid was constructed and transfected into 786-O cells.The expression of CXCR4 was detected by real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting.The drug reactivity of the cells was measured by CCK-8 and monoclonal assay to compare the drug resistance of the control group,CXCR4 overexpression group and CXCR4 overexpression + CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 group.The phosphorylation of PKB,ERK and STAT3 in the control group,the sorafenib alone group,the overexpressing CXCR4 + sorafenib group and the overexpressing CXCR4 + sorafenib + AMD3100 group were deternined by Western blotting.Results Compared with the control tissues,the mRNA levels of CXCR4 in the drug-resistant tissues increased (3.22 ± 0.23) times,and the levels of protein expression increased (2.33 ± 0.47) according to western blotting,the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).After overexpression of CXCR4,the nRNA expression of CXCR4 increased (78.3 ± 5.3) times,and the protein expression level increased (2.80 ± 0.95) times,and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01),indicating that the expression model was established successfully.The drug response curves of the control group,CXCR4 overexpression group and CXCR4 overexpression + AMD3100 group on sorafenib were measured by cck8 method,and the ICS0 was (7.5 ±0.8) μmo]/L,(10.3 ±0.7) μmol/L,(5.7 ±0.6) μmol/L,the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05);The numbers of clones formed in the above three groups were 26 ± 5,56 ± 12 and 42 ± 9,respectively.The differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Sorafenib could reduce the phosphorylation of PKB,ERK and STAT3,and overexpression of CXCR4 could reverse the inhibition of phosphatidylation of PKB,ERK and STAT3 by sorafenib.After inhibition of chemokine receptor CXCR4 activity by AMD3100,PKB,ERK,STAT3 phosphorylation was re-suppressed.Conclusions CXCR4 can promote renal cell carcinoma sorafenib resistance.The expression of CXCR4 increased in secondary resistant tumor tissue increased;CXCR4 may promote drug resistance by activating the cell viable pathway.The inhibition of CXCR4 signaling pathway is expected to improve the therapeutic effect of sorafenib in renal cell carcinoma.