Objective To investigate the regulatory role of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling on the subtypes and functions of natural killer (NK) cells at the maternal-fetal interface during the second trimester in mice following Toxoplasma gondii infection during the first trimester. Methods Twelve 6- to 8-week-old female mice of the C57BL/6J strain were divided into a control group and an infection group, of 6 mice in each group. On the 6.5th day of pregnancy (Gd6.5), each pregnant mouse in the infection group was intraperitoneally injected with 150 tachyzoites of the Toxoplasma gondii PRU strain, while mice in the control group were injected with an equal volume of physiological saline. On the 12.5th day of pregnancy (Gd12.5), uterus and placenta tissues were sampled from pregnant mice for pathological observations, and the mRNA expression levels of PD-1, PD-L1, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were quantified in uterus and placenta tissues. The PD-1 and DX5 expression was measured on NK cells at the maternal-fetal interface using flow cytometry. In addition, the in vitro JEG-3 trophoblast cells and NK-92MI cells co-culture system was established as the control group, and the addition of T. gondii tachyzoites in the co-culture system served as the infection group. The PD-1, PD-L1, and DX5 mRNA expression was quantified in cells using real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) assay, and the TNF-α concentration was measured in the cell culture supernatant using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results On Gd12.5, clear and intact cellular structures of placental decidual tissues were seen in pregnant mice in the control group, with no remarkable abnormal changes found in the uterine columnar epithelial cells, and inflammatory cell infiltration and blood stasis at varying degrees were found in uterine and placental tissues from pregnant mice in the infection group. The relative PD-1, PD-L1, and TNF-α mRNA expression was (1.004 ± 0.004), (1.001 ± 0.001), and (1.001 ± 0.001) in uterine tissues from pregnant mice in the control group and (2.480 ± 0.720), (3.355 ± 0.920), and (2.391 ± 0.073) in the infection group, respectively. The relative PD-1, PD-L1, and TNF-α mRNA expression was (1.007 ± 0.010), (1.006 ± 0.006), and (1.001 ± 0.001) in the uterine tissues in the control group and (6.948 ± 1.918), (3.225 ± 1.034), and (1.536 ± 0.150) in the infection group, respectively. The relative PD-1, PD-L1, and TNF-α mRNA expression was higher in both the uterine (t = 3.55, 4.43 and 33.02, all P values < 0.05) and placental tissues (t = 5.36, 3.72 and 6.18, all P values < 0.05) in the infection group than in the control group. Flow cytometry showed that the proportions of PD-1⁺ NK cells, PD-1⁺ DX5⁺ NK cells, and DX5⁺ NK cells were (12.200 ± 1.082)%, (9.373 ± 7.728)%, and (44.000 ± 4.095)% in uterine tissues from pregnant mice in the control group, and (21.733 ± 1.630)%, (18.767 ± 1.242)%, and (73.367 ± 0.611)% in the infection group, respectively. The proportions of PD-1⁺ NK cells, PD-1⁺ DX5⁺ NK cells, and DX5⁺ NK cells were (1.100 ± 0.510)%, (2.277 ± 1.337)%, and (96.167 ± 2.831)% in placental tissues from mice in the control group, and (26.867 ± 9.722)%, (23.433 ± 6.983)%, and (82.467 ± 2.248)% in the infection group, respectively. The proportions of PD-1⁺ NK cells (t = 8.45, P < 0.05) and DX5⁺ NK cells (t = 12.29, P < 0.05) were higher in uterine tissues from pregnant mice in the infection group than in the control group, and no significant difference was seen in the proportion of PD-1⁺ DX5⁺ NK cells (Z = -1.09, P > 0.05). The proportions of PD-1⁺ NK cells (t = 4.58, P < 0.05) and PD-1⁺ DX5⁺ NK cells (t = 5.15, P < 0.05) were higher in placental tissues from pregnant mice in the infection group than in the control group, while the proportion of DX5⁺ NK cells was lower in the infection group than in the control group (t = -6.56, P < 0.05). RT-qPCR assay revealed that the relative PD-1, PD-L1, and DX5 mRNA expression was (1.010 ± 0.005), (1.002 ± 0.003), and (1.001 ± 0.001) in the JEG-3 cells and NK92MI cells co-culture system and (3.638 ± 1.258), (0.397 ± 0.158), and (4.267 ± 1.750) in the control group, and ELISA measured that the TNF-α concentration was higher in the cell culture supernatant in the infection group [(22.056 ± 3.205) pg/mL] than in the control group [(12.441 ± 0.001) pg/mL] (t = 5.20, P < 0.05). The PD-1(t = 3.62, P < 0.05) and DX5 mRNA expression (t = 3.23, P < 0.05) was higher in the infection group than in the control group, and the PD-L1 mRNA expression was lower in the infection group than in the control group (t = -6.63, P < 0.05). Conclusions Following T. gondii infection, both PD-L1 expression and PD-1 expression on DX5⁺ NK cells at the maternal-fetal interface are upregulated in mice during the second trimester; however, the proportion of DX5⁺ NK cells decreases. These findings suggest that PD-1/PD-L1 signaling may suppress NK cell functions by modulating DX5⁺ NK cell subsets.

Elemene is widely recognized as an effective anti-cancer compound and is routinely administered in Chinese clinical settings for the management of several solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its detailed molecular mechanism has not been adequately demonstrated. In this research, it was demonstrated that elemene effectively curtailed NSCLC growth in the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. Mechanistically, employing high-throughput screening techniques and subsequent biochemical validations such as microscale thermophoresis (MST), microRNA-145-5p (miR-145-5p) was pinpointed as a critical target through which elemene exerts its anti-tumor effects. Interestingly, elemene serves as a binding stabilizer for miR-145-5p, demonstrating a strong binding affinity (dissociation constant (K _D) = 0.39 ± 0.17 μg/mL) and preventing its degradation both in vitro and in vivo, while not interfering with the synthesis of the primary microRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs) and precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs). The stabilization of miR-145-5p by elemene resulted in an increased level of this miRNA, subsequently suppressing NSCLC progression through the miR-145-5p/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3 (MAP3K3)/nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) pathway. Our findings provide a new perspective on revealing the interaction patterns between clinical anti-tumor drugs and miRNAs.

Objective: To investigate the effects of “Three Methods and Three Acupoints” (TMTP) Tuina therapy on spinal microcirculation in sciatic nerve injury (SNI). Methods: Thirty-six Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: normal, sham operation, model, and TMTP Tuina. Successful model induction was confirmed by observable hind limb lameness. After 20 sessions, hind limb grip strength and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) were measured at baseline and following the 10th and 20th intervention. CD31 and α-SMA in the ventral horn of SNI model rats were detected using immunofluorescence. Motor neurons in the ventral horn were detected by Nissl staining. PTEN levels in the ventral horn were measured by ELISA, and PI3K, Akt, BDNF, VEGF, and HIF-1α expression was determined by RT-PCR. Spinal cord microcirculation was evaluated by western blotting analysis of the levels of Akt, p-Akt, BDNF, and VEGF. Results: Hind limb grip strength and MNCV significantly improved in the TMTP Tuina group compared to the model group (both P < .001). Morphology of ventral horn motor neurons in the TMTP Tuina group improved compared to the model group, with increased expressions of α-SMA (P = .002) and CD31 (P = .006). Western blot analysis indicated increased expression of VEGF (P = .005), p-Akt (P < .001), and BDNF (P = .008) in the ventral horn following Tuina treatment. RT-PCR analysis revealed increased expression of PI3K, Akt, BDNF, VEGF and HIF-1α (all P < .05). In contrast, expression of PTEN decreased compared to the model group (P < .001). Conclusion TMTP Tuina therapy may restore motor function in rats, enhance ventral horn motor neuron morphology, and promote angiogenesis and vascular smooth muscle proliferation. The mechanism may involve the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Objective:To discuss the optimal doping concentration of vanadium(V)and silicon(Si)co-doped TiO? coating(V-Si TiO?)formed on titanium surface by electrochemical treatment,to evaluate its antibacterial effect under visible light irradiation,and to clarify its visible light response mechanism.Methods:The medical pure titanium sheets were subjected to micro-arc oxidation followed by high-temperature calcination,and V-Si TiO2 coatings with different doping concentrations were prepared by adjusting the ratio of V to Si in the electrolyte.The experiment was divided into 1V:10Si(V5Si50)group,2V:10Si(V10Si50)group,and 3V:10Si(V15Si50)group;control group was set up(contains only bacterial culture medium).The optimal doping concentration was screened based on comprehensive evaluation of surface morphology,ion release,photocatalytic ability,and biocompatibility;cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)method was used to detect the proliferation activities and the survival rates of the cells in various group.Subsequently,the optimized coating was characterized and compared by scanning electron microscope(SEM),atomic force microscopy(AFM),digital eddy current coating thickness gauge,X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscope(XPS),and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy(UV-vis).The experiment was divided into PT group(blank control),PEO group(no element doping),V10 group(V doping),Si50 group(Si doping),and V10Si50 group(2V:10Si).The ability of the coating materials to degrade methylene blue(MB)and generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)under visible light were detected.For antibacterial experiments,Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)and Escherichia coli(E.coli)were used.The colony counts on plates in various groups were recorded after visible light irradiation for 2 h and dark treatment for 2 h,respectively.The ROS levels were detected using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)ROS probe.ROS scavenging experiment was performed using the optimal doping concentration V10Si50 group,and the two kinds of bacteria were divided into blank control group,N-acetylcysteine(NAC)group,V10Si50 group,and NAC+V10Si50 group.The colony counts on plates in various groups were recorded after visible light irradiation for 2 h.Results:The V concentration of 0.01 mol·L?1 and Si concentration of 0.05 mol·L?1 in the electrolyte solution were the optimal doping concentrations for the V-Si TiO? coating.The SEM observation results showed that compared with V5Si50 group and V15Si50 group,the surface pore size of the coating material in V10Si50 group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the coating thickness was significantly increased(P<0.05);its crystal structure was mainly anatase type,and the MB degradation rate of the coating material in V10Si50 group after 9 h of visible light catalysis was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the cell proliferation activity and cell survival rate in V10Si50 group were significantly increased at 1,2,and 4 d of cell culture(P<0.05);at 2 and 4 d of cell culture,the cell proliferation activity and cell survival rate in V5Si50 group and V15Si50 group were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with PT,PEO,and Si50 groups,the colony counts of two kinds of the bacteria in V10 group and V10Si50 group after visible light irradiation for 2 h were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with PT group and PEO group,the ROS levels in two kinds of the bacteria in V10Si50 group after 2 h of irradiation were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with V10Si50 group,the colony counts of two kinds of the bacteria in NAC+V10Si50 group were significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusion:A reasonably loaded V-Si TiO? coating material(V10Si50)was screened out,which maintained good biological activity and significantly enhanced the antibacterial effect under visible light irradiation.

Objective:To explore the research hotspots and effective promotion paths of post market surveillance and supervise of medical consumables with non-active medical devices.Methods:Data mining methods were used to collect related journal literatures and documents from the websites of China regulatory institutions and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),order sub item data of medical device adverse event reports,extract the MeSH element words of literatures and documents,perform bibliometric analysis and visual display.Results:The number of medical devices adverse event reports in China has been increasing year by year,reaching 694 866 in 2022,in the four statistical years from 2019 to 2022,the number of reports on non-active medical devices and IVD reagents also showed a parallel increasing trend,accounting for about 65.00% of the total number of adverse event reports on medical devices in the year.The bibliometric analysis of journal literature shows that research in this field has received varying degrees of participation from regulatory institutions,universities,medical institutions,and enterprises.Regulatory institutions have contributed 46 articles,accounting for 56.79% of the total number of articles,followed by 28 articles from universities.The co-occurrence analysis shows that hot topic is focused in 5 clusters:quality management,risk management,international experiences discussion and adverse event surveillance and re-evaluation and real-world research.China regulatory institutions attach great importance to post market surveillance and supervise,and have issued more than 20 relevant documents since 2006,focusing on specific topics and gradually deepening around safety and effectiveness.Conclusion:The post market surveillance and supervise of medical devices,especially medical consumables based on non-active medical devices,need to be promoted synchronously in three dimensions:regulatory institutions,medical institutions,and enterprises.Universities,research institutes,and industry organizations should work in coordinating to strengthen the collection,identification,and active surveillance of risk signals based on adverse event surveillance,safety evaluation based on risk management,and conducting real-world research,research and develop risk control and corrective and preventive measures.

Objective To explore the analgesic initiation mechanism of three-manipulation and three-acupoint tuina in model rats with minor chronic constriction injury(CCI).Methods Fifty-six SD rats were divided randomly into eight groups:normal group,sham group,model 1 group,model 2 group,tuina 1 group,tuina 2 group,tuina 1+transient receptor potential vanilloid-1(TRPV1)antagonist group,and tuina 2+transient receptor potential ankyrin 1(TRPA1)antagonist group.The model,tuina,and tuina+antagonist groups were established with minor CCI models.The tuina and tuina+antagonist groups received the three-method three-point intervention(point method,dial method,kneading method,Yinmen point,Chengshan point,Yanglingquan point)7 days after modeling.The model and sham groups were subjected to grasping restraint,and the normal group received no intervention.After the respective interventions,each group was tested for changes in mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT)and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL)to detect different types of pain.The nitric oxide(NO)content of the dorsal root ganglion(DRG)was determined by the nitrate reductase method,and changes in protein and gene expression levels of components of the TRPV1/TRPA1-NO-cGMP-protein kinase G(PKG)signaling pathway in the DRG of each group were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,Western blot,and qPCR.Results Compared with the model group,MWT and TWL were prolonged in the tuina 1 and tuina 2 groups.Expression levels of TRPV1,TRPA1,NO,soluble guanylate cyclase-β,cGMP,and PKG1 in the DRG were significantly decreased in the tuina 1,tuina 2,tuina 1+TRPV1 antagonist,and tuina 2+TRPA1 antagonist groups.Conclusions Tuina can effectively improve the symptoms of thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia caused by peripheral nerve injury after one-time intervention.Tuina can exert immediate and continuous analgesic effects via the TRPV1/TRPA1-NO-cGMP-PKG signaling pathway.

Beta-amyloid (Aβ) is considered to be a central event in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it has been found that some population have Aβ deposition in the brain and even AD related pathology without obvious cognitive impairment, which indicates that there are factors in the body to avoid or cope with Aβ damage, and this phenomenon is called Aβ tolerance. Starting from the concepts of resilience and reserve, this paper intends to sort out the epidemiology and quantitative methods, brain characteristics and influencing factors of Aβ tolerance, in order to further deepen clinicians' understanding of Aβ tolerance in AD diagnosis and treatment, so as to provide new ideas for prevention and treatment of the disease.

Objective:To explore the interplay between tumor microenvironment (TME)-associated genes, cuproptosis, and the prognosis of liver cancer through transcriptome sequencing and functional genomics analysis.Methods:Employing a hybrid approach that integrates bioinformatics with fundamental experimental research, we utilized the TCGA database to acquireexpression profiles and clinical-pathological information from 424 liver hepatocellular carcinoma patients. We evaluated ImmuneScore and StromalScore to categorize patients into high and low groups, subsequently identifying differentially expressed genes (DEG) at the intersection of these groups. Core DEG were identified through univariate Cox regression analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. The association between the expression levels of core genes and the survival time of liver cancer patients was analyzed using the R language and Kaplan-Meier analysis, and verified using the Kaplan-Meier Plotter online database. We established a cuproptosis cell model and performed RNA-seq to examine gene expression alterations during copper-induced cell death, followed by in vitro cell experiments for verification.Results:A total of 1 701 and 2 041 DEG were llinked t ImmuneScore and StromalScore, respectively, encompassing 1 134 commonly upregulated genes and 60 commonly downregulated genes. The top 30 core genes from the PPI network's dominant nodes were cross-referenced with univariate Cox regression results, leading to the identification of the pivotal immune gene CCR7. CCR7 mRNA expression levels were higher in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues than in normal tissues ( P<0.05). Patients with high expression of CCR7 in liver cancer had a longer overall survival compared to those with low expression ( P=0.003). Treatment with elesclomol-CuCl2significantly curtailed the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma cel ( P<0.001). RNA-seq data from the cuproptosis model indicated a downregulation of CCR7 expression during the onset of cuproptosis [|log 2(FC)|=2.27, P<0.001], and downregulation of CCR7 expression enhanced the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to cuproptosis inducers. Conclusion:The TME-related gene CCR7 is implicated in cuproptosis, and its downregulation might facilitate the process in liver cancer.CCR7 holds potential as a biomarker for liver cancer prognosis.

Objective By observing the effects of"three methods and three points"tuina technique on the expression of interleukin-17F(IL-17F),interleukin-17 receptor C(IL-17RC),activator 1 of nuclear transcription factor-κB(Act1),tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6)and M1 microglial cell expression in the spinal dorsal horn of rats with mild chronic compressive injury(minor CCI)model,we explored the immediate analgesic mechanism of tuina on peripheral neuropathic pain(pNP).Methods Thirty-six SD rats were divided into the sham group,the model group and the tuina group according to the random number method,twelve rats in each group,and the minor CCI model was replicated by ligating the right sciatic nerve.The rats in the tuina group were subjected to pointing,plucking and kneading at the BL37,BL57 and GB34 points on the affected side using a tuina simulator,while the sham group and the model group were only grasped and restrained,and were intervened for one time.The mechanical pain test and cold plate test were used to evaluate the response of rats to mechanical stimulation and cold stimulation after immediate intervention.The protein expression of IL-17F and TRAF6 in the spinal dorsal horn of rats in each group was detected by Western blotting.The mRNA expression of IL-17F,IL-17RC,Act1 and TRAF6 in the spinal dorsal horn of rats in each group was detected by real-time PCR.The average fluorescence intensity of M1 microglia in the spinal dorsal horn of rats in each group was detected by immunofluorescence.Results Behavioral results showed that before intervention,compared with the sham group,paw mechanical withdraw threshold(PMWT)decreased and cold sensitivity threshold(CST)increased in the model group and the tuina group;after tuina intervention,PMWT in the tuina group was increased,and CST was decreased compared with the model group;after intervention,PMWT in the tuina group was increased,while CST was decreased(P＜0.05).RT-PCR results showed that compared with the sham group,mRNA expression levels of IL-17F,IL-17RC,TRAF6 and Act1 in the spinal dorsal horn of the model group were increased;compared with model group,the mRNA expression levels of above indexes in the tuina group were decreased(P＜0.05).Western boltting results showed that compared with the sham group,the expression levels of IL-17F and TRAF6 protein in the spinal dorsal horn of the model group were increased;compared with the model group,the expression levels of IL-17F and TRAF6 protein in the tuina group decreased(P＜O.05).Immunofluorescence results showed that the mean fluorescence intensity of CD40 in the spinal dorsal horn of model group was enhanced compared with the sham group;compared with the model group,the mean fluorescence intensity of CD40 in the tuina group was decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion The"three methods and three points"tuina technique can produce immediate analgesia by inhibiting the expression of IL-17F,IL-17RC,Act1,TRAF6 and the activation of M1 microglia in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord after one intervention.

Objective To explore the analgesic initiation mechanism of"three-manipulations and three-acupoints"of tuina on minor chronic constriction injury(minor CCI)model rats.Methods According to the random number table method,35 SD rats were randomly divided into five groups:normal group,sham group,model group,tuina group,and tuina+MK-801 group.The model group,tuina group,and tuina+MK-801 group were subjected to ligation of the right sciatic nerve trunk to establish a minor CCI rat model.The sham group was only exposed to the right sciatic nerve without ligation,and the normal group was not subjected to any operation.The normal group was not subjected to any intervention measures.On the seventh day after modeling,the model group and the sham group underwent 9 minutes of grasping restraint,while the tuina group underwent one intervention of three-manipulations(point method,dialing method,and kneading method)and three-acupoints(right"Yinmen"(BL37),"Chengshan"(BL57),and"Yanglingquan"(GB34)acupoints)with each manipulation and acupoint intervention for 1 minute for a total of 9 minutes.The tuina+MK-801 group received intrathecal injection of MK-801 from the fifth to seventh days after modeling,with a dose of 6 μg(10 μL)per day,tuina intervention was performed 30 minutes after the last intrathecal injection,and the specific operation of tuina was the same as that of the tuina group.Before modeling,after modeling,and after intervention,each group of rats was subjected to cold sensitivity threshold(CST)and mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT)testing.After intervention,immunohistochemistry was used to detect the positive expression of cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)in the spinal dorsal horn(SDH)at L4-6 segments;protein expressions of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1(NMDAR1),neurogenic nitric oxide synthase(nNOS),soluble guanylyl cyclase β(sGCβ),and protein kinase G1(PKG1)in SDH at L4-6 segments were detected by Western blotting;mRNA expressions of NMDAR1,nNOS,sGCβ,cGMP,and PKG1 in SDH at L4-6 segments were detected by real-time PCR.Results Compared with the normal and sham groups,after modeling,CST increased and MWT decreased in the model group,tuina group and tuina+MK-801 group(P＜0.05);after intervention,the positive protein expression of cGMP was increased,the protein expressions of NMDAR1,nNOS,sGCβ,and PKG1 were increased,and mRNA expressions of NMDAR1,nNOS,sGCβ,cGMP,and PKG1 were increased in SDH at L4-6 segments in the model group(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,after intervention,CST decreased and MWT increased in the tuina group and tuina+MK-801 group(P＜0.05);the positive protein expression of cGMP was decreased,the protein expressions of NMDAR1,nNOS,sGCβ,and PKG1 were decreased,and mRNA expressions of NMDAR1,nNOS,sGCβ,cGMP,and PKG1 were decreased in SDH at L4-6 segments in the tuina group and tuina+MK-801 group(P＜0.05).Conclusion One-time tuina intervention can effectively improve the symptoms of thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia induced by peripheral nerve injury,which may initiate analgesia through the NMDAR1/cGMP/protein kinase G signaling pathway,thereby exerting immediate analgesic effect.