The oral and maxillofacial region is a highly complex area composed of multiple tissue types and bears various critical functions of the human body. Diseases in this region pose significant diagnostic and management challenges; therefore, exploring new strategies for early diagnosis, targeted treatment, and tissue reconstruction is key to improving patient prognosis and quality of life. Extracellular vesicles are a group of heterogeneous lipid-bilayer membrane structures secreted by most cell types, including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Present in various body fluids and tissues, they act as messengers via the transfer of nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites to recipient cells. To date, studies have revealed the different roles of extracellular vesicles in physiological or pathological processes, as well as applications in disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The importance and tissue specificity of the dental and maxillofacial tissues indicate that extracellular vesicles derived from this region are promising for further research. This paper reviews the published data on extracellular vesicles derived from cells, body fluids, and tissues in oral and maxillofacial regions, summarizes the latest advances in extracellular vesicles from extensive sources, and concludes with a focus on the current research progress and application prospects of engineered exosomes in oral science.
Humans ; Extracellular Vesicles/physiology* ; Mouth ; Exosomes/physiology*

As an important setting for the administration of vaccinations, the reasonable setting up and standardized management of vaccination clinics will enhance immunization service quality, public satisfaction, and improve the vaccination rate to protect people′s health. In recent years, various provinces in China are continuously promoting the standardized construction and management of vaccination clinics. However, the level of standardization management remains unbalanced, and the capacity of vaccination services needs to be further improved. This paper reviews the standardized management process of vaccination clinics, summarizes the practice and achievements in various regions, and analyzes the challenges and issues during these processes, to provide reference for improving the standardized management level of vaccination clinics in the future.

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) is a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor that recognizes multiple pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns. It is a cytoplasmic immune factor that responds to cellular stress signals, and it is usually activated after infection or inflammation, forming an NLRP3 inflammasome to protect the body. Aberrant NLRP3 inflammasome activation is reportedly associated with some inflammatory diseases and metabolic diseases. Recently, there have been mounting indications that NLRP3 inflammasomes play an important role in liver injuries caused by a variety of diseases, specifically hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, hepatitis, and liver failure. Herein, we summarize new research pertaining to NLRP3 inflammasomes in hepatic injury, hepatitis, and liver failure. The review addresses the potential mechanisms of action of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and its regulation in these liver diseases.
Humans ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism* ; Inflammasomes/physiology* ; Animals ; Liver Diseases/metabolism* ; Liver/metabolism* ; Reperfusion Injury/metabolism*

Objective To investigate the correlation between apathy and imaging markers in pa-tients with aCSVD.Methods A total of 143 patients diagnosed with aCSVD and hospitalized in the Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology from August 2023 to August 2024 were continu-ously included as the study objects.According to MAES,they were divided into an apathetic group(MAES score＞14,68 cases)and a non-apathetic group(MAES score ≤14,75 cases).The clinical data and imaging markers were compared between the two groups.Results The apathetic group had significantly older age and larger ratio of hypertension,but shorter years of education and lower MAES score than the non-apathetic group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The apathetic group also had notably higher Fazekas score of white matter hyperintensity(WMH),larger recent small sub-cortical infarct(RSSI),lacunar infarct(LI),and perivascular space(PVS)in the basal ganglia and the centrum semiovale,more obvious cerebral atrophy and cerebral microbleed(CMB),and high-er total imaging burden score when compared with the non-apathetic group(P＜0.01).In the aCSVD patients,the MAES score was positively correlated with WMH Fazekas score,RSSI,LI,basal ganglia PVS,centrum semiovale PVS,cerebral atrophy,CMB,and total imaging burden score(P＜0.01).WMH Fazekas score was an independent risk factor for apathy in the aCSVD patients(OR=2.218,95％CI:1.343-3.664,P=0.002).Conclusion The higher the score of ima-ging markers in patients with aCSVD,the more severe the apathy.

Health behavior motivation significantly affects the quality of life of patients with cardiovascular diseases.Assessing the level of health behavior motivation can measure the health behavior of individuals,help to promote the participation rate of cardiac rehabilitation,reduce the readmission rate of patients,and promote patients'healthy lifestyles.This article reviews the content,characteristics and application of assessment tools for health behavior motivation of patients with cardiovascular diseases at home and abroad,with the aim of providing references for the development and application of such tools in China,and offering a basis for scientifically assessing their health behavior motivation level and formulating effective strategies to promote health behavior motivation.

The number of patients with chronic diseases in China has been increasing year by year,followed by the increase of treatment burden.It is particularly important to effectively evaluate the treatment burden of patients with chronic diseases.This paper reviews the main contents,application scope,advantages and disadvantages of the assessment tools for the treatment burden of patients with chronic diseases at home and abroad,so as to provide references and basis for medical staff to reasonably select assessment tools and conduct relevant clinical research.

The current classification methods for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） visceral syndrome differentiation suffer from excessive generalization， which hinders their clinical application. Based on the analysis of the pattern of "one syndrome corresponding to multiple formulas"， this paper focused on the principle of syndrome-formula correspondence， and proposed that formula-syndromes are the smallest units for refining visceral syndromes. By establishing the correspondence between formula-syndromes and visceral syndromes， this study aims to further clarify the refined categories of syndromes and their treatment patterns， providing a new perspective for the standardization and objectification of TCM syndromes.

This study aims to investigate the effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP12 on obe-sity prevention.In our study,Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP12 was added to the diet for feed-ing,and the blood biochemistry status of rabbit,as well as the antioxidant effect of serum and liver samples were analyzed by determining the body weight change and feed intake of Japanese White rabbits.The changes in colony structure and abundance were also analyzed by 16S rDNA sequen-cing.The results showed that supplementation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP12 inhibits weight gain,decreases serum glucose and ALT levels,and increases SOD activity in the liver.16S RNA gene sequencing analysis showed that the addition of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP12 increases the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Desulfovibrioides at the phylum level,and the supple-mentation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP12 increases the abundance of Muribaculaceae at the genus level.Predictive analysis of microbiota function revealed that the supplementation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP12 positively regulated iron-sulfur clusters and Zn-dependent proteases.In conclusion,the addition of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum effectively inhibits weight gain in Japanese White rabbits,enhances the antioxidative activity of the liver,and induces altera-tions in the gut microbiota composition of these rabbits.These findings lay an experimental foun-dation for further exploring the mechanisms by which Lactobacillus plantarum LP12 exerts its preventive effects against obesity and promotes metabolic health.

This study aims to screen epitope antigens targeting the receptor binding domain(RBD)of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)based on its amino acid sequence(GenBank accession number:AKN45969.1),prepare PEDV RBD polyclonal antibody,and perform their identification.Bioinformatics analysis software was used to predict the potential antigenic epitopes of PEDV RBD and sequence comparison with porcine coronavirus strains was performed,the selected dominant antigen epitopes were then conjugated with keyhole limpet hemocyanin(KLH),to synthesize pep-tides directly and immunize mice to generate specific antibody,Western blot technique and indirect immunofluorescence assay were utilized to identify the specificity of the antibodies,and indirect ELISA method was further applied to determine the antibody potency.Results showed the selected PEDV RBD dominant epitope sequence shared 100％similarity with 18 other PEDV strains,while exhibiting low sequence similarity with 11 TGEV strains(27.8％—29.3％)and 16 PDCoV strains(10.5％—13.4％),indicating good epitope conservation.Western blot showed that the specificity of the prepared peptide antibody specifically recognized the PEDV RED protein overexpressed in Ex-pi293F cells and overexpressed in baculovirus system,and at the same time,the antibody was still able to detect the PEDV S protein expressed in PEDV-infected Vero cells at a 1∶2 000 dilution,while it did not react with TGEV-and PDCoV-infected ST cells,indicating that the good specificity of the peptide antibody.ELISA revealed that the potency of specific antibodies in mouse serum could reach up to 1∶25 600.The above results indicate that bioinformatics techniques were suc-cessfully utilized to predict antigenic epitopes of PEDV RBD protein,and specific PEDV RBD pep-tide antibodies were prepared.

Objective:To investigate the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the sense of personal control and illness perception of young and middle-aged patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), so as to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the psychological care of patients after PCI.Methods:A randomized controlled trial was conducted. From January 2022 to December 2023, young and middle-aged patients after PCI admitted to the Department of Cardiology, Qinhuai Medical District, Eastern Theater Command General Hospital of the Chinese People′s Liberation Army were selected as the research subjects by convenient sampling method, patients were divided into the experimental group and the control group by the random number table method. The control group was given routine nursing, and the experimental group was given mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the basis of routine nursing. The Personal Mastery Scale (PMS), Cardiac Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (CSEQ), and Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) were used to evaluate personal sense of control, self-efficacy, and illness perception before and after the intervention respectively.Results:A total of 80 young and middle-aged patients after PCI were included. There were 40 cases in the control group, including 25 males and 15 females, aged (49.43 ± 5.55) years old. There were 40 cases in the experimental group, including 19 males and 21 females, aged (49.03 ± 4.19) years old. Before the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in the PMS, CSEQ and BIPQ scores between the two groups of patients (all P>0.05). After the intervention, the PMS, CSEQ scores of the patients in the experimental group were (23.03 ± 2.54), (45.85 ± 8.16) points respectively, which were higher than (21.95 ± 2.28), (39.05 ± 8.78) points in the control group, the BIPQ score of the patients in the experimental group was(39.63 ± 8.12) points, which was lower the (45.45 ± 8.64) points in the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( t=-2.00, -3.59, 3.11, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy can effectively improve the sense of personal control and self-efficacy of young and middle-aged patients after PCI, reduce the sense of threat to the disease.