To explore the effectiveness of "near peer learning" (NPL) in the electromyography(EMG)teaching module for neurology residents.

Objective:To investigate the alteration of m6A demethylase AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) expression and its impact on form-deprivation myopia (FDM) retina in guinea pigs.Methods:Thirty normal SPF grade 3-week-old tricolor guinea pigs were randomly divided into normal control group and experimental group, with 15 in each group.In the experimental group, the right eyes were covered as FDM group and the left eyes uncovered were set as self-control group.Ocular biometry was performed at one-week intervals from baseline to week 4 of the experiment.Spherical equivalent was detected by streak retinoscopy and axial length was measured by A-scan ultrasonography.Animals were sacrificed after 4 weeks of modeling.The distribution and expression of ALKBH5 protein in the guinea pig retina was detected by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining.Expression of ALKBH5 mRNA and protein in guinea pig retina was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively.The use of animals in ophthalmic and vision research followed the tenets of Animal Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, and the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of North Sichuan Medical College (No.2023087).Results:At weeks 2, 3, and 4 after myopia induction, diopters and axial lengths were significantly higher in the FDM group than in the normal control group and the self-control group (all at P<0.001). Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assays showed that ALKBH5 protein was expressed in the retinal nerve fiber layer, rod/cone photoreceptor cells, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer, and was highly expressed in the retinal nerve fiber layer and RPE layer.The relative ALKBH5 immunofluorescence intensity in the normal control group, self-control group and FDM group was 1.000±0.204, 0.874±0.076 and 0.571±0.053, respectively, which was lower in the FDM group than in the normal control and self-control groups, showing statistically significant differences ( t=4.069, P=0.006; t=5.176, P=0.014). After 4 weeks of modeling, ALKBH5 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly lower in FDM group than in normal control and self-control groups (both at P<0.01). Conclusions:The expression of m6A demethylase ALKBH5 is decreased in the retina of FDM guinea pigs, suggesting that ALKBH5 and related m6A methylation modification may be involved in the development and progression of myopia.

Objective: To examine the association between sleep and frailty using the bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, so as to provide the basis for the prevention and intervention of frailty. Methods: The data on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) related to sleep duration, insomnia and morning chronotype were collected from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and meta-analysis of GWAS, involving 446 118, 1 331 010 and 697 828 participants, respectively. The frailty was evaluated using the frailty index, and the relevant SNP data were collected from a meta-analysis of GWAS involving 175 226 participants. A bidirectional MR analysis was performed using the inverse-variance weighted method. Sensitivity analyses employed the weighted median method, the maximum likelihood-based method, the MR-Egger regression, and the MR-PRESSO test. Results: Forward MR analysis showed that longer sleep duration (β=-0.170, 95%CI: -0.255 to -0.085) and morning chronotype (β=-0.036, 95%CI: -0.058 to -0.014) decreased the risk of frailty, while insomnia increased the risk of frailty (β=0.167, 95%CI: 0.149-0.184). Reverse MR analysis showed that frailty increased the risk of insomnia (OR=1.645, 95%CI: 1.278-2.117). Both bidirectional MR results were robust, which excluded the impact of heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. Conclusion Sleep duration, insomnia, and morning chronotype are associated with frailty.

OBJECTIVE To analyze and identify the metabolites of isoimperatorin in normal rats in vivo. METHODS After the rats were intragastrically administered, the plasma, urine and feces samples of rats in normal and dosed groups were collected, and the samples were processed by solid phase extraction. Then, UHPLC-HRMS(Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS) high- resolution mass spectrometry was used to analyze biological samples, and the metabolites were screened and identified. RESULTS In both positive and negative ion modes, a total of 32 metabolites were accurately analyzed and identified based on the precise molecular masses obtained, chromatographic retention behavior, control mass spectral cleavage patterns, characteristic fragment ions, and relevant literature reports. The main metabolic pathways were furan ring opening, lactone hydrolysis, oxidation, methylation, glucuronidation, sulfation and their complex reactions. Among them, the glucuronidation product was discovered for the first time. CONCLUSION This study comprehensively clarifies the transformation pathways of isoimperatorin in rats, which can provide a basis for its pharmacodynamic study and metabolism study analysis of the other furocoumarins.

Objective:To analyze and summarize the implementation effect of basic essential surgical training (BEST) course of laparoscopic skills over the past 10 years and the practical experience in updating course content and models.Methods:The pre-class assessment questionnaires, basic laparoscopic operation assessment results, and post-class assessment questionnaires of the students who participated in the BEST course of laparoscopic skills were collected. According to the period of the course construction, the students were divided into two groups, namely students who used the course of single training system in the early stage (traditional group) and students who used the course integrating a variety of training systems after the course model was updated in the later stage (test group). The two groups were compared for the scores of track circle moving, tunnel crossing, and high and low columns, as well as their subjective evaluation of course setting and implementation effect. The t-test, Wilcoxon test, or chi-square test was conducted according to the data type using SPSS 13.0. Results:The time for 150 traditional group students to complete track circle moving, tunnel crossing, and high and low columns was 1.08 min (0.81 min, 1.60 min), 2.20 min (1.60 min, 3.27 min), and 4.86 min (3.28 min, 6.36 min), respectively, while the time for 75 test group students to complete the three operations was 1.27 min (0.87 min, 1.83 min), 2.57 min (1.58 min, 4.07 min), and 4.35 min (2.90 min, 6.42 min), respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). In terms of students' subjective evaluation of the course, a higher percentage of the test group students were satisfied with classroom environment, teaching method arrangement, training equipment, training opportunities, helping clinical work, and meeting pre-class expectations than those in the traditional group. Conclusion:The constantly updated BEST course can ensure the training quality of trainees and obtain their higher satisfaction. The benefits of this course in clinical practice can be further verified through long-term follow-up of these trainees.

Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) plays a key role in tumor progression and metastasis, and their properties are highly dependent on signaling stimuli in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Moreover, TAM, as a major player in tumor-related inflammation, is associated with the prognosis of multiple solid tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) was found to significantly improve the survival prognosis of patients with microsatellite instability/mismatched repair deficient colorectal cancer. However, the efficacy of ICI as monotherapy is limited in the vast majority of CRC patients. Although the exact functions of TAM have not been fully elucidated, targeting TAM as a therapeutic strategy significantly enhances the efficacy of ICI in CRC, and TAM also demonstrates important value as predictive biomarkers for CRC prognosis.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the effects of the national centralized drug procurement （NCDP） policy on drug availability and the structure of drug use in public hospitals. METHODS Using hypoglycemic， lipid-lowering， antiviral drugs， and psychiatric drugs for the treatment of mental illness and depression as objects， the interrupted time series model was used to quantitatively evaluate the changes in consumption sum of drugs， consumption amount and daily cost of the target drugs in national sample hospitals as well as the changes in per capita medication frequency， outpatient prescription amount， and medical insurance surplus of target drugs in a third grade class A hospital before and after the implementation of NCDP policy. RESULTS After the implementation of the NCDP policy， the volume for the four bid-winning drugs increased significantly （P＜0.01 for the remaining three categories except for hypoglycemic drugs）， but DDDc （P＜0.01） and the amount of related drugs （P＜0.001） decreased significantly. The volume for the non-winning drugs （except for lipid-lowering drugs） decreased significantly （P＜0.05）， and DDDc also decreased significantly （P＜0.05 for other 3 categories except for psychiatric drugs）； the volume （P＜0.01） and DDDc （P＜0.01 only for psychiatric drugs） for alternative drugs all increased except for antiviral drugs. The structure of drug use for different drugs was affected differently by the NCDP policy，and that of hypoglycemic drugs was affected obviously； the proportion of alternative drugs increased after centralized procurement. The outpatient prescription amount of each hospital significantly decreased after centralized procurement，and the decrease in the cost paid by the patients using lipid-lowering and antiviral drugs related to centralized procurement was greater than 0.60； the remaining medical insurance amount for bid-winning drugs was approximately 1.252 5 million yuan. CONCLUSIONS NCDP policy effectively alleviates the burden of medical expenditure and also drives the structure changes of drug use such as the substitution of generic drugs for original drugs， the growth of the volume of alternative drugs.

ObjectiveTo systematically review the effects of psychosocial support-related activities on mental health of older adults. MethodsRandomized controlled trails (RCTs) on mental health benefits for older adults were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO and CNKI, until August, 2022. A systematic review was conducted. ResultsSeven RCTs were included, from Spain, Chile, Canada, Finland, the United Kingdom, South Korea and the United States, mainly from psychiatry, mental health of the elderly and other journals, published after 2017. The subjects aged 60 to 80 years, accounting to 1 258 cases. Psychosocial interventions included Pilates, mindfulness, behavioral activation, cognitive stimulation, daily difficult problem solving training, pain and depression symptom management, health education and guidance, nursing coordination, group exercise (such as circuit training, pedal training or rubber band training), and water sports, etc. The frequency of intervention was 30 to 120 minutes a time, one to nine times a week, and the intensity of the intervention was low to high intensity for four to 64 weeks. Intervention sites included sports venues, community health centres, ageing services, and intervention staff included sports therapists (yoga), psychologists, health professionals, community health services, and health care workers. All interventions were carried out under supervision. The benefits of psychosocial intervention on the mental health of the older adults mainly reflected in the improving cognitive function and self-efficacy, reducing anxiety and depression, improving depressed mood or loneliness, improving sleep quality, increasing sense of social integration and relieving pain and other problems. ConclusionMental health interventions (psychological interventions or support, social interventions or support, psychosocial interventions) and mental health-related interventions (physical activity interventions) benefit older people's mental health, including improving cognitive function, alleviating anxiety and depression, improving sleep quality, and improving quality of life and well-being.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of depression between social capital and cognitive function of the elderly in nursing institutions, and provide new ideas for improving the cognitive function of the elderly.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional survey. Using the convenient sampling method to collect the general information questionnaire, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Social Capital Scale and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) of 218 elderly people from three elderly nursing institutions including Shenyang Health Care Centre, Songpu Nursing Home and Colourful Sunshine City Pension Service Centre in Shenyang from July 2020 to January 2021.Results:A total of 218 questionnaires were distributed and 202 valid questionnaires were recovered. The effective recovery rate was 92.7%. The scores of the cognitive function, depression and social capital of the elderly were (23.60 ± 4.25), (6.38 ± 4.35) and (75.41 ± 8.61). Depression scores were negatively correlated with social capital scores and cognitive function scores ( r = - 0.401, - 0.481, both P<0.05); there was a positive correlation between social capital scores with cognitive function scores ( r = 0.338, P<0.05). There was a mediating effect of depression between social capital and cognitive function, accounting for 42.1%. Conclusions:While improving the cognitive function of the elderly in nursing institutions by improving the level of social capital, it is necessary to pay attention to the mediatingeffect of depression, strengthen the psychological counseling of the elderly, promote mental health, and further reduce the occurrence and development of cognitive decline in the elderly.

Objective:To analyze the clinical epidemiological characteristics and the prognostic risk factors of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS).Methods:A total of 2 245 HFRS patients who were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from September 2008 to December 2021 were enrolled. Clinical epidemiological data (including gender, age, onset season, onset region, case fatality rate, et al) of HFRS patients were analyzed. The clinical epidemiological characteristics of patients with HFRS in the 2008 to 2012, 2013 to 2017, and 2018 to 2021 groups were compared. Statistical comparisons were performed using chi-square test. The Bonferroni adjusted P-value method was used for pairwise comparisons between groups, and logistic regression analysis was used to screen and evaluate the risk factors associated with the prognosis of HFRS patients. Results:The age of 2 245 HFRS patients was (42.3±15.9) years old. Most of them were male (79.24%(1 779/2 245)), and the main incidence area was Xi′an City (69.53%(1 561/2 245)). There were 132 deaths with an overall case fatality rate of 5.88%. There were 1 088 patients (48.46%) from 2008 to 2012, 647 patients (28.82%) from 2013 to 2017, and 510 patients (22.72%) from 2018 to 2021, with a mortality rate of 7.17%(78/1 088), 5.10%(33/647) and 4.12%(21/510), respectively. From 2008 to 2021, both the number of HFRS cases and the case fatality rate had shown a fluctuating downward trend. There were significant differences in case fatality rate, age distribution, onset season, and onset region among patients in the different year groups ( χ2=6.84, 49.22, 83.47 and 19.29, respectively, all P<0.05). The results of pairwise comparisons showed that the proportion of patients aged >60 years in the 2018 to 2021 group (23.33%(119/510)) was higher than those in the 2008 to 2012 group (12.13%(132/1 088)) and the 2013 to 2017 group (12.36%(80/647)), and the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.05). The proportions of patients at large peak (October to December) were 62.35%(318/510) in the 2018 to 2021 group and 56.26%(364/647) in the 2013 to 2017 group, which were both lower than that in the 2008 to 2012 group (75.18%(818/1 088)), and the differences were both statistically significant (both P<0.05). The case fatality rate of patients aged >60 years was 9.67%(32/331), which was higher than those of patients aged <30 years (2.86%(16/559)) and patients aged 30 to 60 years (6.20%(84/1 355)), with statistically significant differences (both P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that age 30 to 60 years, age >60 years, smoking, complicated with hypertension, hypotensive shock and hypoxemia were significantly correlated with the prognosis of HFRS patients (odds ratio ( OR)=2.243, 3.632, 1.484, 3.532, 79.422 and 143.955, respectively, all P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that complicated with hypertension ( OR=2.467, P=0.004), hypotensive shock ( OR=11.658, P=0.001), and hypoxemia ( OR=67.767, P<0.001) were the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of HFRS patients. Conclusions:The prevalence of HFRS has shown new changing characteristics from 2008 to 2021. The numbers of HFRS patients and the case fatality rates show a downward trend, and the proportion of HFRS patients aged >60 years increases. Complicated with hypertension, hypotensive shock and development with hypoxemia are the independent risk factors for the prognosis of HFRS.