Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of Oncomelania hupensis snails in Yunnan Province fol-lowing interruption of schistosomiasis transmission, so as to provide the evidence for assessing the risk of schistosomiasis transmission and scientifically formulating the schistosomiasis surveillance program. Methods According to the requirements of the National Schistosomiasis Surveillance Scheme (2020 Edition), O. hupensis snail surveillance data were collected from 18 schistosomiasis-endemic counties (cities, districts) in Yunnan Province from 2020 to 2024, including area of snail survey, area of snail habitats, area of re-emerging snail habitats, number of frames surveyed, number of frames with O. hupensis snails, number of O. hupensis snails captured, and number of living snails, and the occurrence of frames with snails and mean density of living snails were calculated. Changes in snail status over the 5-year period from 2020 to 2024 and the differences in snail distributions specified by epidemic intensity, environmental type, and vegetation type were analyzed. Results The areas of snail survey increased from 1 727.96 hm² in 2020 to 3 894.45 hm² in 2024 (peak) across 18 schistosomiasis-endemic counties (cities, districts) in Yunnan Province during the period from 2020 through 2024. The areas of snail habitats increased from 70.36 hm² in 2020 to a peak in 2023 (172.04 hm²), followed by a reduction to 132.36 hm² in 2024, and the areas of re-emerging snail habitats increased from 42.71 hm² in 2020 to a peak in 2022 (78.43 hm²), followed by a reduction to 40.21 hm² in 2024. The occurrence of frames with snails and mean density of living snails increased from 1.24% (3 025/244 404) and (0.033 2 ± 0.038 7) snails/0.1 m² in 2020 to peaks at 2.03% (6 231/307 563) and (0.066 9 ± 0.068 4) snails/0.1 m² in 2023, followed by reductions to 1.04% (5 829/559 941) and (0.032 6 ± 0.057 7) snails/0.1 m² in 2024, respectively. There was a significant difference in the occurrence of frames with snails over the 5-year study period (χ² = 1 962.95, P < 0.05), and the occurrence of frames with snails reduced by 48.71% in 2024 relative to in 2023 (χ² = 1 411.05, P < 0.005); however, there was no significant difference in the mean density of living snails over the 5 years (H = 5.310, P > 0.05). There were significant differences in the occurrence of frames with snails (χ² = 481.27, P < 0.05) and mean density of living snails (H = 6.872, P < 0.05) in schistosomiasis-endemic areas with different epidemic intensities. The occurrence of frames with snails (χ² = 25.32 and 38.70, both P values < 0.017) and mean density of living snails (Z = 28.55 and 49.96, both P values < 0.017) were higher in schistosomiasis transmission-interrupted and eliminated areas with snails than in schistosomiasis-eliminated areas without snails, and the occurrence of frames with snails (χ² = 453.54, P < 0.017) and mean density of living snails (Z = −56.97, P < 0.017) were higher in schistosomiasis-eliminated areas with snails than in schistosomiasis transmission-interrupted areas with snails. O. hupensis snails were mainly distributed in paddy fields, dry farmlands and ditches; however, the occurrence of frames with snails (13.40%, 424/3 164) and mean density of living snails [(0.252 8 ± 0.158 7) snails/0.1 m²] were higher in ponds/weirs than in other types of environments (both P values < 0.05). Rice, dry farmland crops and weeds were main vegetations in which O. hupensis snails were distributed, and the occurrence of frames with snails (2.29%, 7 111/310 140) and mean density of living snails [(0.072 3 ± 0.018 9) snails/0.1 m²] were higher in weeds than in other types of environments (both P values < 0.05). Conclusions O. hupensis snails have been effectively controlled in Yunnan Province following implementation of integrated schistosomiasis control measures; however, there are still risk factors for schistosomiasis transmission, including reduced attention to schistosomiasis control and snail re-emergence. Improved control efforts and surveillance system construction and timely identification of risk factors of snail status and timely management are recommended to ensure the achievement of the target of schistosomiasis elimination as scheduled.

BACKGROUND:With the development of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing technology,zirconia abutments with a titanium base are widely used in clinic due to its good application advantages,but there are still some problems and a lack of consensus design standards. OBJECTIVE:To review the fabrication methods of Ti-base zirconia abutment,and the effect of abutment connection,emergence design,abutment angle,and bonding on mechanical properties of Ti-base zirconia abutment. METHODS:Relevant literature published from 2010 to 2023 was searched in CNKI and PubMed databases with the search terms"zirconia abutment,titanium base"in Chinese and English,respectively.The search time limit was extended for some classical literature.The relevant literature was obtained through inclusion and exclusion criteria,and 57 eligible documents were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:It is recommended that clinicians try to select antirotational titanium bases or rotational titanium bases with a Morse taper connection.Implants should be placed in the correct axial angulation of not more than 15° or with an inclination to the palatal side when using angled zirconia abutments.When a≥30° labial inclination is followed for implant placement,the bite force must be decreased effectively to reduce the risk of mechanical and biological complications of implants,abutments,and prostheses.Ti-base zirconia abutments with a higher gingival height should be selected,and its restorative angle should not exceed 40°.Multilink Hybrid Abutment could be the first choice for extraoral bonding of zirconia abutment to titanium bases.

Objective Compare the depression phenotypes of a breast cancer tumor-bearing mouse model constructed using two different method and a mouse model of breast cancer depression with clinical manifestations,as well as assess their suitability for basic research.Methods We constructed a tumor model with 4T1 breast cancer cells alone(4T1 group)and a tumor-depression composite model given chronic unpredictable mild(CUMS)(4T1+CUMS group).The experimental period was 42 d,and the body mass,tumor volume,and survival time of the mice were monitored throughout the whole process.Two depressive behavioral tests(of sucrose preference test,open field test,tail suspension test,and elevated plus maze)were performed on the 15th and 29th days,respectively.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the pathological changes of hippocampal neurons in brain tissue sections.Results(1)Body mass:The body mass of the 4T1 group and 4T1+CUMS group began to decrease from 29 d,and the body mass of the 4T1+CUMS group was significantly lower than that of the 4T1 group and Control group at the end of the experiment(P<0.001).(2)Tumor volume:There was no significant difference in the growth rate of tumors between the two model groups throughout the experiment(P>0.05).(3)Survival time:The survival rates of the 4T1 group and 4T1+CUMS group were 100％and 60％,and the first death of mice in the 4T1+CUMS group was on the 36th day.(4)Behavior test of depression:There was no significant difference between the three groups in the first depressive behavior tests(P>0.05),and the two groups showed obvious depressive phenotypes in the second behavioral tests.The sucrose preference index and activity distance in the central area were significantly decreased in the two model groups(P<0.001),and the immobility time was significantly increased(P<0.001).(5)Pathological section of brain tissue:On pathological examination of brain tissue,we observed a reduced number of neuronal cells in the hippocampus of the 4T1 group and 4T1+CUMS group,their morphology was irregular,the arrangement between the cells was disordered and the gap was unclear,and some nucleoli were blurred.Conclusions Although the tumor-only method and the tumor with compound stress stimulation method can both be used to prepare breast cancer depression models,the tumor-only modeling method is simpler and the mortality rate after successful modeling is higher.The long window of time is convenient for subsequent drug administration and detection,and the causes of the depression phenotype are more in line with the clinical causes and manifestations.Therefore,the 4T1 model can provide a reference model for future animal experiments on breast cancer tumor-related depression.

This study aims to investigate the effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP12 on obe-sity prevention.In our study,Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP12 was added to the diet for feed-ing,and the blood biochemistry status of rabbit,as well as the antioxidant effect of serum and liver samples were analyzed by determining the body weight change and feed intake of Japanese White rabbits.The changes in colony structure and abundance were also analyzed by 16S rDNA sequen-cing.The results showed that supplementation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP12 inhibits weight gain,decreases serum glucose and ALT levels,and increases SOD activity in the liver.16S RNA gene sequencing analysis showed that the addition of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP12 increases the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Desulfovibrioides at the phylum level,and the supple-mentation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP12 increases the abundance of Muribaculaceae at the genus level.Predictive analysis of microbiota function revealed that the supplementation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP12 positively regulated iron-sulfur clusters and Zn-dependent proteases.In conclusion,the addition of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum effectively inhibits weight gain in Japanese White rabbits,enhances the antioxidative activity of the liver,and induces altera-tions in the gut microbiota composition of these rabbits.These findings lay an experimental foun-dation for further exploring the mechanisms by which Lactobacillus plantarum LP12 exerts its preventive effects against obesity and promotes metabolic health.

Objective This review aims to investigate the application of eye tracking(ET)in patients with speech impairment in the ICU.The review summarizes the current status and prospects of ET technology applications.Methods Following the scoping reviews framework,a systematic search was conducted across Web of Science,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,CINAHL,CNKI,Wanfang Data,Chinese Medical Database,and Chinese biomedical database.The search covered publications from the inception of each database to October 29th,2024.The included studies were comprehensively analyzed.Results A total of 12 pieces of the literature were included,including 4 prospective cohort studies,4 experimental studies,3 prospective observational studies,and 1 randomized controlled trial.The application population of ET in the ICU mainly includes patients on mechanical ventilation,those at high risk of delirium,patients with spinal cord injury,etc.The types of integrated ET system equipment are mainly head-mounted and fixed;the types of ET involve gaze,blinking,etc.;the functions include standardized scale assessment,free interaction,and eye-movement model recognition.The main outcome indicators of the research are feasibility,physical symptoms and social-psychological status.Conclusion ET is applicable to a specific group of ICU patients with aphasia,and has shown good feasibility and effectiveness in the expression of patients'basic needs,self-assessment of symptoms and improvement of psychosocial status.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical outcome of umbilicoplasty with longitudinal umbilical fixation and provide a basis for constructing an umbilicus that conforms to the aesthetic characteristics of Chinese women.Methods:Patients undergoing umbilicoplasty with longitudinal umbilical fixation between December of 2021 and November of 2023 were retrospectively analyzed at Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital. All patients underwent abdominoplasty to reshape the abdominal contour and umbilicoplasty with longitudinal umbilical fixation to construct a new umbilical. The preoperative and postoperative body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (waist circumference/hip circumference), umbilical contour, and longitudinal and transverse diameter of the umbilical cord were collected. The patients themselves used a 5-point Likert scale to evaluate the satisfaction of umbilicus (from the four aspects of umbilicus size, shape, position, and overall abdominal coordination and aesthetics), abdominal contour satisfaction rate [satisfaction rate= (very satisfied+ satisfed) patients/(total patients)×100%], and the subjective evaluation of umbilicus scar (very not obvious, not obvious, average, obvious, and very obvious). SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. Paired t-test or χ 2 test was used for preoperative and postoperative comparison. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 438 female patients were included, aged (33.4±5.5) years, including the pregnancy childbirth patients (428 cases) and weight loss patients (10 cases). The median follow-up time was 216(194, 266) days. Preoperative umbilical appearance mainly for the circle, longitudinal oval, transverse oval and convex. After operation, it was mainly longitudinal oval and circle. Early complications related to the umbilical cord were mainly blood circulation disturbance (8 cases). Long-term umbilical complication was mainly periumbilical scar (6 cases). The BMI [(19.96±2.03)kg/m 2 vs. (20.44±2.18)kg/m 2], waist-hip ratio[(0.78±0.04) vs. (0.88±0.08)], transverse diameter of the umbilicus [(0.68±0.26) cm vs. (1.11±0.44) cm] and longitudinal diameter of the umbilicus[(1.66±0.35) cm vs. (1.29±0.44) cm] after the operation were compared with those before the operation, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.01). The number of people satisfied with umbilical position [31.51%(138/438)vs. 97.26%(426/438)], umbilical size[11.19%(49/438)vs. 87.44%(383/438)], umbilical shape[7.76%(34/438)vs. 82.19%(360/438)], overall evaluation[(11.42%(50/438)vs. 86.30%(378/438)] and abdominal contour evaluation [12.79%(56/438)vs. 89.04%(390/438)]increased significantly, and the differences were statistically significant compared with those before operation ( P<0.01). The subjective evaluation of periumbilical scar was very not obvious in 171 cases, not obvious in 163 cases, average in 98 cases, and obvious in 6 cases. Conclusion:Umbilicoplasty with longitudinal umbilical fixation is suitable for Chinese women. The vertical oval umbilical constructed by this surgical method demonstrates appropriate size and position, significantly enhancing the overall abdominal aesthetic effect. The patient satisfaction was high and the postoperative effect was stable.

(±)-Penicithrones A-D (1a/1b-4a/4b), four novel pairs of anthrone-cyclopentenone heterodimers characterized by a distinctive bridged 6/6/6-5 tetracyclic core skeleton, together with three previously identified compounds (5-7), were isolated from the crude extract of the mangrove-derived fungus Penicillium sp., guided by heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC)-based small molecule accurate recognition technology (SMART 2.0) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based molecular networking. The structural elucidation of new compounds was accomplished through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, and their absolute configurations were determined using DP4+ ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) calculations and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 1a/1b-4a/4b demonstrated moderate cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines HeLa, HCT116 and MCF-7 with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values ranging from 15.95 ± 1.64 to 28.56 ± 2.59 μmol·L^-1.
Humans ; Penicillium/chemistry* ; Molecular Structure ; Cyclopentanes/isolation & purification* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology* ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Dimerization ; HeLa Cells ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

BACKGROUND:As an essential trace element for body growth and development,copper participates in many processes such as redox process,energy generation,signal transduction and bone metabolism.The imbalance of copper homeostasis in diabetic patients will lead to the increase of oxidative stress and the impairment of antioxidant mechanism,which stimulate the production of inflammatory mediators and inflammatory factors,and thus lead to cytotoxicity and body damage.In recent years,the role of copper in diabetes has gradually attracted attention,and some studies have confirmed that copper plays a key regulatory role in the pathological process of diabetes.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the current progress in the role of copper in systemic complications of diabetes and provide some theoretical reference for its future research and treatment.METHODS:The first author searched PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI and WanFang databases for literature related to the role of copper in systemic complications of diabetes.The search terms were"copper,Cu,diabetes,diabetic complications,diabetic cardiomyopathy,diabetic nephropathy,diabetic retinopathy,diabetic osteoporosis,diabetic periodontitis"in English and Chinese,respectively.After screening,95 articles were included in the review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Copper is involved in the occurrence and development of diabetic complications and most of the damage caused by copper to the body is due to interference with the body's redox level.(2)In diabetic cardiomyopathy,increased Cu2+in the corpuscular circulation and impaired uptake of copper ions by cardiomyocytes,the accumulation of redox-active Cu2+and ceruloplasmin outside the cardiomyocyte induces copper oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes,leading to acute cardiac impairment.(3)In diabetic nephropathy,the toxic effect of excessive copper leads cause granular degeneration and vacuolar degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells and proximal tubular necrosis,eventually leading to chronic or acute renal failure.(4)Excessive copper in diabetic patients can produce reactive oxygen species and directly or indirectly affect the function of copper protein with antioxidant function,thus damaging retinal cells.(5)In patients with diabetic osteoporosis,accumulated copper induces lipid peroxidation and interferes with bone metabolism.Copper acts on osteoblasts mainly through inhibition of superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase,and alkaline phosphatase activities.(6)Excessive copper exacerbates inflammatory changes in periodontal tissue by promoting inflammatory responses.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of Sanhua essential oil inhalation as aromatherapy in patients with breast cancer-related depression.MethodsIn total, 144 patients with breast cancer-related depression who underwent postoperative chemotherapy were recruited. The participants in the control group (n = 52) were offered a placebo (sunflower oil) daily, whereas those in the essential oil group (n = 52) were administered Sanhua essential oil. This study evaluated depression improvement, Hamilton Depression Scale score, scores of symptoms in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Pittsburgh Sleepiness Quotient Index score, incidence of nausea and vomiting, and signal changes on functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsDepression improved by 48.1% and 21.2% in the essential oil and control groups, respectively (P = .010). The Hamilton Depression Scale score (P = .017), scores for symptoms in TCM (P = .002), and the incidence of nausea and vomiting in the acute and delayed phases were lower in the essential oil group than in the control group (nausea in the acute phase, P = .017; nausea in the delayed phase, P = .039; vomiting in the acute phase, P = .008; vomiting in the delayed phase, P = .081). The Pittsburgh Sleepiness Quotient Index score was lower in the essential oil group than in the control group (P = .005). Significant differences existed between the two groups in the left superior parietal gyrus, right precuneus, left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, and right precentral gyrus according to functional connectivity on functional magnetic resonance imaging.ConclusionInhalation of Sanhua essential oil alleviated depression in patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer, improved sleep quality, relieved TCM symptoms, reduced nausea and vomiting, and regulated activities in the brain regions.

Objective:To analyze the prevalence trends and epidemiological characteristics of cardiometabolic multimorbidity(CMM) in Beijing from 2005 to 2022.Methods:A series of representative cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Beijing between 2005 and 2022 using a stratified multistage cluster random sampling method. A total of 110 496 permanent residents aged 18-79 years participated in face-to-face interviews, physical examinations, and laboratory testing. Complex sampling logistic regression models were employed to identify factors associated with CMM, and Joinpoint regression was used to assess temporal trends in prevalence. Results:The prevalence of CMM was 22.3% in 2005 and 24.3% in 2022, with an average annual percent change of 0.1%(95% CI -1.3%-1.3%, P>0.05). In rural areas, the prevalence increased by 1.3% per year(95% CI 0.2%-2.6%, P<0.05), while among obese individuals, it decreased by 1.0% annually( P<0.05). The most common CMM patterns were hypertension combined with dyslipidemia(13.2%), hypertension combined with diabetes(7.0%), and diabetes combined with dyslipidemia(5.8%). The prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia comorbidity showed a long-term decline among females, those aged 60-79 and obese individuals( P<0.05). In contrast, the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes comorbidity increased over time in rural residents and individuals with normal body weight( P<0.05). Furthermore, diabetes and dyslipidemia comorbidity rates increased significantly among males, adults aged 18-59 years, those with a college education or above, rural residents and individuals with normal body weight( P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression indicated that male, older age, overweight, obese, and lower education level were independently associated with a higher risk of CMM( P<0.05). Conclusion:From 2005 to 2022, the prevalence of CMM remained high among adults in Beijing. While prevalence decreased among obese individuals, it increased significantly in rural areas. Hypertension combined with dyslipidemia was the most common multimorbidity pattern throughout the study period.