Background: Chinese herbal pieces are an essential component of traditional Chinese medicine. Accurate identification and classification of these materials are crucial in clinical practice. Objective: This study aims to enhance the recognition efficiency of Chinese herbal pieces using deep learning technology, while addressing the limitations of traditional manual classification methods in terms of both quality and efficiency. Methods: A comprehensive dataset containing 201 types of Chinese herbal pieces was established. Based on Real-time Detection Transformer (RT-DETR), we designed and integrated a Feature-focused Diffusion Network (FDN), resulting in an improved model termed RT-DETR-FDN. The proposed FDN includes a Feature-focus Module and a feature diffusion mechanism, enabling the model to capture more extensive feature information from Chinese herbal pieces and diffuse it across multiple detection scales. Results: Experimental results show that RT-DETR-FDN achieved a precision of 0.925, a recall of 0.943, and an mAP50-95 of 0.851. In addition, the model was compared with representative You Only Look Once series models commonly used in object detection. Compared with these models, RT-DETR-FDN achieved higher recognition accuracy while maintaining a lightweight architecture. Conclusion: This study integrates deep learning with traditional Chinese medicine, providing a more effective solution for the recognition of Chinese herbal pieces.

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Encephalomyocarditis virus(EMCV)is a zoonotic pathogen that causes encephalitis and myocarditis as its primary clinical manifestations.To explore effective preventive measures,this study utilized a Bac-to-Bac expression system to insert the EMCV P12A and 3C genes into the pFastBacDual shuttle vector,resulting in the generation of the recombinant baculovirus Ac-P12A-3C.This facilitated the large-scale expression and purification of EMCV virus-like particles(VLPs),which were correctly assembled into particles of approximately 30 nm in diameter,as ob-served by electron microscopy.Immunization and challenge experiments in mice demonstrated that these VLPs could effectively protect against EMCV infection,achieving a protection rate of 100％.Histopathological sections indicated that,compared to the PBS control group,the VLP immuniza-tion group exhibited significantly reduced tissue damage,along with a marked decrease in viral load within the tissues.In piglets,immunization with the VLPs elicited a robust humoral response,with neutralizing antibody titers reaching 1∶320 to 1∶640 after a second immunization,and no signifi-cant adverse reactions were observed throughout the immunization process.This study preliminarily explores the immunogenicity and safety of the VLP vaccine,laying the foundation for the development of a subunit vaccine based on EMCV VLPs and offering a new strategy for the prevention and control of encephalomyocarditis.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of puerarin(Pue)on hydrogen peroxide(H2 O2)induced ferroptosis in the rat Schwann cell derived cell line RSC96.Methods:The RSC96 cells were incuba-ted with H2 O2 to establish a cellular injury model,while a subset of cells were co-incubated with H2 O2 and Pue.The vi-ability of cells was examined using the CCK-8 assay.The intracellular levels of glutathione(GSH),total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD),reactive oxygen species(ROS),malondialdehyde(MDA),and ferrous ions(Fe2+)levels were quantified using commercial kits.Western blot was employed to detect the protein expression level of glutathione peroxi-dase 4(GPX4),cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11),nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1).Immunofluorescence assay was performed to examine the expression and nuclear distribution of Nrf2.Results:Pue pretreatment significantly increased the survival rate of H2 O2-treated RSC96 cells,increased the intracellular content of GSH and T-SOD,and inhibited the concentration of ROS and MDA.It also activated the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and upregulated GPX4,SLC7A11,HO-1,and Nrf2 proteins in RSC96 cells;This effect was abolished by the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385.Conclusion:Pue treatment alleviated the H2 O2-induced ferroptosis of RSC96 cells via the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of puerarin(Pue)on hydrogen peroxide(H2 O2)induced ferroptosis in the rat Schwann cell derived cell line RSC96.Methods:The RSC96 cells were incuba-ted with H2 O2 to establish a cellular injury model,while a subset of cells were co-incubated with H2 O2 and Pue.The vi-ability of cells was examined using the CCK-8 assay.The intracellular levels of glutathione(GSH),total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD),reactive oxygen species(ROS),malondialdehyde(MDA),and ferrous ions(Fe2+)levels were quantified using commercial kits.Western blot was employed to detect the protein expression level of glutathione peroxi-dase 4(GPX4),cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11),nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1).Immunofluorescence assay was performed to examine the expression and nuclear distribution of Nrf2.Results:Pue pretreatment significantly increased the survival rate of H2 O2-treated RSC96 cells,increased the intracellular content of GSH and T-SOD,and inhibited the concentration of ROS and MDA.It also activated the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and upregulated GPX4,SLC7A11,HO-1,and Nrf2 proteins in RSC96 cells;This effect was abolished by the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385.Conclusion:Pue treatment alleviated the H2 O2-induced ferroptosis of RSC96 cells via the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway.

Encephalomyocarditis virus(EMCV)is a zoonotic pathogen that causes encephalitis and myocarditis as its primary clinical manifestations.To explore effective preventive measures,this study utilized a Bac-to-Bac expression system to insert the EMCV P12A and 3C genes into the pFastBacDual shuttle vector,resulting in the generation of the recombinant baculovirus Ac-P12A-3C.This facilitated the large-scale expression and purification of EMCV virus-like particles(VLPs),which were correctly assembled into particles of approximately 30 nm in diameter,as ob-served by electron microscopy.Immunization and challenge experiments in mice demonstrated that these VLPs could effectively protect against EMCV infection,achieving a protection rate of 100％.Histopathological sections indicated that,compared to the PBS control group,the VLP immuniza-tion group exhibited significantly reduced tissue damage,along with a marked decrease in viral load within the tissues.In piglets,immunization with the VLPs elicited a robust humoral response,with neutralizing antibody titers reaching 1∶320 to 1∶640 after a second immunization,and no signifi-cant adverse reactions were observed throughout the immunization process.This study preliminarily explores the immunogenicity and safety of the VLP vaccine,laying the foundation for the development of a subunit vaccine based on EMCV VLPs and offering a new strategy for the prevention and control of encephalomyocarditis.

【Objective】 To investigate the development of adaptability in children aged 2 - 6, and to explore its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for promoting the development of adaptability in young children. 【Methods】 Data were from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for Children in China, and 3 319 children aged 2 - 6 and their parents from 28 sites across 14 provinces were recruited in this study.The Development Scale for Children Aged 0 - 6 years (WS/T 580-2017) was used to measure the developmental quotient of children′s adaptive ability, and a survey questionnaire was used to collect relevant information about children and their parents. 【Results】 Among 3 319 children aged 2 - 6, the proportion of slightly low or low level of adaptability, moderate adaptability development, good and excellent adaptability development was 7.68%,66.25% and 26.06%, respectively.The proportion of children aged 5 - 6 with good and excellent adaptability was lower in 3-year-old and 4-year-old groups (χ²=59.29, P<0.05).Multiple stepwise linear regression showed that children′s gender (β=0.06), gestational age of birth (β=-0.05), only child (β=-0.04), left-behind child (β=-0.04), the main caregiver (β=-0.06), and the education level of parents (β=0.09, 0.10), whether parents actively pay attention to children′s emotions (β=-0.06) and whether children play with homemade toys (β=-0.04) were the influencing factors of children′s adaptive development quotient.Girls, full-term children, only children, non-left-behind children, children with parents as main caregivers, parents with a high level of education, parents who often take the initiative to pay attention to children′s emotions, and children who play with homemade toys had a higher level of adaptability development quotient. 【Conclusions】 The development level of adaptability in children aged 2 - 6 in China is mostly above the average level and is related to multiple factors.Targeted intervention work can be carried out on relevant factors in order to promote the development of children′s adaptability.

Objective To analyze the correlations between platelet-related parameters and the incidence of anxiety and depression in the patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis(PD),and evaluate the efficacy of the pa-rameters in the diagnosis of anxiety and depression in PD patients.Methods A total of 245 patients undergoing PD in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from September 2022 to February 2023 were enrolled.The gener-alized anxiety scale(GAD-7)and the patient health questionnaire(PHQ-9)were used to evaluate the anxiety and depression of the patients,respectively.The personal information and biochemical indicators of the patients were col-lected,and the platelet count(PLT),mean platelet volume(MPV),and platelet distribution width(PDW)were measured.Logistic regression was adopted to analyze the relationships of platelet-related parameters with anxiety and depression in PD patients.Results Among the 245 patients undergoing PD,the incidences of anxiety and depression were 15.9% and 38.0% ,respectively.There were differences in the dialysis period(Z=-2.358,P =0.018;Z =-3.079,P=0.002),MPV(Z=-4.953,P<0.001;Z=-7.878,P<0.001),and PDW(Z =-4.587,P<0.001;Z=-7.367,P<0.001)between the anxiety group and the non-anxiety group as well as between the de-pression group and the non-depression group.The correlation analysis showed that MPV(r =0.358,P<0.001;r =0.489,P<0.001)and PDW(r =0.340,P<0.001;r =0.447,P<0.001)were positively correlated with anxiety and depression in the patients undergoing PD.The Logistic regression model showed that MPV(P =0.022,P =0.011),PDW(P =0.041,P =0.018),and dialysis period(P =0.011,P =0.030)were independent risk factors for the anxiety and depressive state in PD patients.The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of MPV in the diagnosis of anxiety and depression in PD patients were 0.750 and 0.800,respectively,and those of PDW were 0.732 and 0.780,respectively.Conclusion MPV and PDW have high efficacy in the diagnosis of anxiety and depression associated with PD and can be used as objective indicators to evaluate the anxiety and depression in the patients undergoing PD.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of curcumin on the rat Schwann cell derived cell line RSC96 cells pyroptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide.Methods:The rat Schwann cell derived cell line RSC96 cells were selected and treated with hydrogen peroxide to establish the peripheral nerve oxidative injury mod-el,curcumin intervention was also given.Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 kit.Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)kit was used to detect the LDH leakage rate.The level of IL-1 β was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The protein expression levels of NLRP3,caspase-1,cleaved caspase-1,GSDMD,GSDMD-N and IL-1 βwere detected by Western Blot.Results:Cur significantly increased the viability of RSC96 cells treated with H2O2,decreased LDH leakage rate,down-regulated IL-1 β secretion,and inhibited the protein expression of NLRP3,caspase-1,cleaved caspase-1,GSDMD,GSDMD-N,and IL-1 β.Conclusion:Curcumin can inhibit hydrogen peroxide-induced pyroptosis of RSC96 cells through the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway,thus exerting neuroprotective effect.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of curcumin on the rat Schwann cell derived cell line RSC96 cells pyroptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide.Methods:The rat Schwann cell derived cell line RSC96 cells were selected and treated with hydrogen peroxide to establish the peripheral nerve oxidative injury mod-el,curcumin intervention was also given.Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 kit.Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)kit was used to detect the LDH leakage rate.The level of IL-1 β was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The protein expression levels of NLRP3,caspase-1,cleaved caspase-1,GSDMD,GSDMD-N and IL-1 βwere detected by Western Blot.Results:Cur significantly increased the viability of RSC96 cells treated with H2O2,decreased LDH leakage rate,down-regulated IL-1 β secretion,and inhibited the protein expression of NLRP3,caspase-1,cleaved caspase-1,GSDMD,GSDMD-N,and IL-1 β.Conclusion:Curcumin can inhibit hydrogen peroxide-induced pyroptosis of RSC96 cells through the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway,thus exerting neuroprotective effect.