Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Objective To develop a lower limbs rehabilitative apparatus and explore its effects. Methods From January to September, 2016, 28 children with spastic cerebral palsy were divided into control group (n=14) and observation group (n=14) randomly. The control group received routine rehabilitation, while the observation group received self-made lower limbs rehabilitative apparatus training addition-ally. They were assessed with Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)-88 and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) before and three months after treatment. Results There was no significant difference in the scores of GMFM-88 and BBS between two groups before treatment (P>0.05), while they increased after treatment (t>6.124, P<0.001), and were higher in the observation group than in the control group (t>2.329, P<0.05). Conclusion Self-made lower limbs rehabilitative apparatus could help to improve the gross motor function and balance function in children with spastic cerebral palsy.

Objective To investigate the effect of APE1 on differentiation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells into osteoclast-like cells(OCL) which induced by macrophage colony stimulating factor (RANKL) and macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) .Methods Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected by density gradient separation ;Constructed APE1 siRNA expression vector Ad5v-APE1 siRNA was used to transfect PBMCs .Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) method was conducted to identify the cells ,the expression level of APE1 was detected by Western blot ,the mRNA expression levels of Cathepsin K(CK) and V-ATPase were detected by RT-PCR .Results PBMCs transfected with APE1 siRNA had significantly lower protein expression of APE1 than untransfected cells (P< 0 .05) ;PBMCs could differentiate into OCL under the stimulation of RANKL and M-CSF ,the mRNA expression levels of CK and V-ATPase increased ;After APE1 siRNA treatment ,the number of OCL was reduced and the levels of CK and V-ATPase mRNA decreased .Conclusion PBMCs can differentiate into a large number of OCL induced by RANKL and M-CSF ,APE1 siRNA significantly inhibited differentiation of PBMCs into osteoclast-like cells , APE1 may be involved in the regulation of osteoclast-like differentiation process .