ObjectiveTo investigate the neuroprotective effect of glycosides of cistanches （GCs） in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1，2，3，6-tetrahydropyridine （MPTP）-induced Parkinson’s disease （PD） model mice and its potential mechanism. MethodsForty mice were randomly divided into control group， PD group， GCs group and levodopa （L-DOPA） group， with 10 mice in each group. The control group received intraperitoneal injection of normal saline， while the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with MPTP （30 mg/kg） once daily for 5 consecutive days. After model establishment， the control group and PD group were intragastrically administered normal saline， and the GCs group and L-DOPA group received intragastric administration once daily for 28 consecutive days， at doses of 100 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg， respectively. The open field test and rotarod test were used to evaluate motor function. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the number of tyrosine hydroxylase （TH）-positive neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. Transmission electron microscopy was adopted to observe the ultrastructure of mitochondria in the substantia nigra. Biochemical assays were used to determine the levels of glutathione （GSH）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， total superoxide dismutase （T-SOD） and reactive oxygen species （ROS） in substantia nigra tissues. Western blot was applied to detect the protein expression of TH， nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap-1） and heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） in substantia nigra tissues. ResultsCompared with the control group， mice in the PD group exhibited markedly impaired motor function， significantly decreased T-SOD activity， obvious reductions in the number of TH-positive neurons and GSH content， as well as elevated MDA and ROS levels in the substantia nigra （P<0.01）. Compared with the PD group， mice in the GCs group showed improved motor function， increased T-SOD activity， higher number of TH-positive neurons and elevated GSH content， accompanied by decreased MDA and ROS levels （P<0.05）. In the control group， mitochondria in the substantia nigra displayed normal morphology without obvious blurred membrane structures or vacuolar degeneration. The PD group presented mitochondrial swelling， disordered cristae and vacuolar changes， whereas these mitochondrial pathological alterations were alleviated in the GCs group. Compared with the control group， the protein levels of TH， Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly downregulated， while Keap-1 protein expression was markedly upregulated in the PD group （P<0.01）. Compared with the PD group， the GCs group showed significant upregulation of TH， Nrf2 and HO-1 protein levels and a notable reduction in Keap-1 protein level （P<0.05）. ConclusionGCs ameliorate motor dysfunction and attenuate dopaminergic neuronal and mitochondrial damage in MPTP-induced PD model mice. These effects may be associated with modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway-related protein expression， enhancement of antioxidant capacity， and alleviation of oxidative stress.

Significant investment in nanocarrier drug delivery systems(Nano-DDSs)has yielded only a limited number of successfully marketed nanomedicines,highlighting a low rate of clinical translation.A pri-mary contributing factor is the lack of foundational understanding of in vivo processes.Comprehensive knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of Nano-DDSs is essential for developing more efficacious nano-medicines and accurately evaluating their safety and associated risks.However,the complexity of Nano-DDSs has impeded thorough and systematic pharmacokinetic studies.Key components of pharmacoki-netic investigations on Nano-DDSs include the analysis of the released drug,the encapsulated drug,and the nanomaterial,which present a higher level of complexity compared to traditional small-molecule drugs.Establishing an appropriate approach for monitoring the pharmacokinetics of Nano-DDSs is crucial for facilitating the clinical translation of nanomedicines.This review provides an overview of advanced bioanalytical methodologies employed in studying the pharmacokinetics of anticancer organic Nano-DDSs over the past five years.We hope that this review will enhance the understanding of the pharmacokinetics of Nano-DDSs and support the advancement of nanomedicines.

With the continuous deepening of medical insurance payment reform, the implementation of the ambulatory patient groups(APG) based point system for payment has posed new challenges to the quality management of outpatient electronic medical record writing, as well as the supervision and operation management of outpatient costs in hospitals. A certain hospital began information technology construction in July 2021. By introducing diagnostic grouping functions into the outpatient electronic medical record system, the hospital strengthened the standardization of medical record writing. It also established an intelligent audit system for medical insurance costs to conduct full-process supervision of outpatient medical expenses and developed an intelligent operation analysis system for outpatient APG to provide a basis for hospital operation management decisions and performance distribution. These measures effectively improved the quality of outpatient medical record, reduced outpatient medical costs, and optimized their structure. The application of the intelligent medical insurance audit system also effectively prevented certain non-compliant issues in medical insurance payments, which can provide a reference for other medical institutions.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting all age groups, especially children, with a prevalence of up to 20% globally. AD remains burdensome and incurable with current therapeutic strategies-ranging from trigger avoidance and skincare to medication-primarily address symptoms rather than disease modification, underscoring the imperative for innovative therapeutic paradigms. RNA-targeted therapies, particularly antisense molecules, have emerged as a transformative approach in precision medicine, with proven clinical success in diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy and familial chylomicronemia syndrome. These therapeutics achieve post-transcriptional regulation unattainable by conventional therapies, enabling direct targeting of messenger RNA (mRNA) and regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) implicated in disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, skin is better suited to the antisense modulation due to the relatively easy access to target cells. Numerous studies have explored antisense-based targeting of key drivers in AD progression, yielding promising proof-of-concept results and prompting several early-stage clinical trials. This modality represents a paradigm shift in AD management-one that aligns with the broader revolution in RNA therapeutics reshaping modern medicine. This review critically examines the evolving role of antisense technology in AD, addressing both its mechanistic rationale and the translational challenges that must be overcome to realize its full clinical potential.

Significant investment in nanocarrier drug delivery systems (Nano-DDSs) has yielded only a limited number of successfully marketed nanomedicines, highlighting a low rate of clinical translation. A primary contributing factor is the lack of foundational understanding of in vivo processes. Comprehensive knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of Nano-DDSs is essential for developing more efficacious nanomedicines and accurately evaluating their safety and associated risks. However, the complexity of Nano-DDSs has impeded thorough and systematic pharmacokinetic studies. Key components of pharmacokinetic investigations on Nano-DDSs include the analysis of the released drug, the encapsulated drug, and the nanomaterial, which present a higher level of complexity compared to traditional small-molecule drugs. Establishing an appropriate approach for monitoring the pharmacokinetics of Nano-DDSs is crucial for facilitating the clinical translation of nanomedicines. This review provides an overview of advanced bioanalytical methodologies employed in studying the pharmacokinetics of anticancer organic Nano-DDSs over the past five years. We hope that this review will enhance the understanding of the pharmacokinetics of Nano-DDSs and support the advancement of nanomedicines.

Multi-family therapy (MFT), as an extension of traditional family therapy, refers to a treatment method in which family members from multiple families participate at the same time. Although its application in severe mental disorders such as schizophrenia is mature, its potential in a wider field and its localization pathway need to be systematically discussed. This paper aims to summarize the development, treatment settings and requirements of the early classic model of MFT, analyze its core mechanism, focus on summarizing the emerging application model variants and effectiveness of MFT in medical care (schizophrenia, eating disorders), school education (refusing to intervene in school) and social work (treating ADHD children, traumatized families, etc.), and comprehensively explore the research methods of effect evaluation.However, there are still some limitations in the current researches, such as lax evaluation, unclear specific action pathway, family vulnerability and lack of cross-cultural adaptability research. Finally, the future development direction is prospected to provide reference for promoting the application practice of MFT.

[Objective] To explore the relationship between neutrophil activation under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the incidence of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI). [Methods] This prospective cohort study enrolled adult patients who scheduled for cardiac surgery under CPB at West China Hospital between May 1, 2022 and March 31, 2023. The primary outcome was acute kidney injury (AKI). Blood samples (5 mL) were obtained from the central vein before surgery, at rewarming, at the end of CPB, and 24 hours after surgery. Neutrophils were labeled with CD11b, CD54 and other markers. To assess the effect of neutrophils activation on AKI, propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to equilibrate covariates between the groups. [Results] A total of 120 patients included into the study, and 17 (14.2%) developed AKI. Both CD11b⁺ and CD54⁺ neutrophils significantly increased during the rewarming phase and the increases were kept until 24 hours after surgery. During rewarming, the numbers of CD11b⁺ neutrophils were significantly higher in AKI compared to non-AKI (4.71×10⁹/L vs 3.31×10⁹/L, Z=-2.14, P<0.05). Similarly, the CD54⁺ neutrophils counts were also significantly higher in AKI than in non-AKI before surgery (2.75×10⁹/L vs 1.79×10⁹/L, Z=-2.99, P<0.05), during rewarming (3.12×10⁹/L vs 1.62×10⁹/L, Z=-4.34, P<0.05), and at the end of CPB (4.28×10⁹/L vs 2.14×10⁹/L, Z=-3.91, P<0.05). An analysis of 32 matched patients (16 in each group) revealed that CD11b⁺ and CD54⁺ neutrophil levels of AKI were 1.74 folds (4.83×10⁹/L vs 2.77×10⁹/L, Z=-2.72, P<0.05) and 2.34 folds (3.32×10⁹/L vs 1.42×10⁹/L, Z=-4.12, P<0.05), respectively, of non-AKI at rewarming phase. [Conclusion] Neutrophils are activated during CPB, and they can be identified by CD11b/CD54 markers. The activated neutrophils of AKI patients are approximately 2 folds of non-AKI during the rewarming phase, with disparity reached peak between groups during rewarming. These findings suggest the removal of 50% of activated neutrophils during the rewarming phase may be effective to reduce the risk of AKI.

Objective: To establish a risk assessment system for infectious disease prevention and control in schools in Shangcheng District, Hangzhou and determine risk levels for each school, and propose corresponding risk management measures, so as to provide a scientific reference for infectious disease prevention and control in primary and secondary schools. Methods: Based on the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method, potential failure analysis and current situation investigation of infectious disease prevention and control risks were conducted in 110 primary and secondary schools from 2022 to 2024 in Shangcheng District, Hangzhou. Risk levels were classified using K-Means cluster analysis. Results: Through expert panel discussions using FMEA, 6 first level indicators and 28 second level indicators were identified. The top three risk priority numbers were implementation of required prevention and control measures for clustered infectious disease outbreaks in schools in the past three years ( 189.00 ), student morning/afternoon health checks (168.00), and reporting status of clustered infectious disease outbreaks in schools in the past three years (144.00). The comprehensive prevention scores of schools ranged from 61.00 to 98.00 (mean: 87.40 ). There were no statistically significant differences in the average scores(primary school: 88.17±7.39, nine year consistent education: 86.26±7.68, junior high school: 85.55±8.20, and high school: 88.72±4.91) and risk level distribution of schools with different educational stages( F/H=0.95,1.47, P >0.05).K-Means cluster analysis divided the schools into 5 risk levels with cluster centers at 93.25, 85.78, 79.69, 70.29, 61.00 ( F=309.21, P <0.05), with 80% of schools classified as low risk or below. Conclusion The infectious disease prevention and control risk assessment system for primary and secondary schools can be established, and hierarchical management can be conducted according to school risk levels, thereby improving the efficiency and effectiveness of school infectious disease prevention and control, and enhancing the precision and sustainability of prevention efforts.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous hematological malignancy characterized by an abnormal proliferation of primitive and naive myeloid cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. Patients vary enormously in molecular biological features, clinical manifestations and prognosis, leading to therapeutic difficulties. Increasing evidence indicates that the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in the development and progression of AML. Immunometabolism reveals the metabolic network of immune cells, which has important implications in tumor research. This work reviews the research progress on the metabolic alterations of immune cells in the AML microenvironment and the therapeutic strategies targeting immune metabolism in AML to present a part of the blueprint of immune metabolism regulation in the bone marrow microenvironment of AML.

Objective To investigate the annual effective doses to radiation workers caused by radon concentrations in the underground workplaces of medical institutions, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of indoor radon in underground places. Methods A typical sampling method was used to select 5-30 medical institutions in each of Hunan, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, and Sichuan provinces. A total of 66 monitoring points in 66 medical institutions were selected. The indoor radon concentrations in underground workplaces were measured cumulatively using CR-39 solid nuclear track detectors. The radiation dose to radiation workers was estimated according to the method outlined in the Requirements for control of indoor radon and its progeny (GB/T 16146—2015). The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the differences in indoor radon concentrations between different provinces. Results The average indoor radon concentration in the underground workplaces of 66 medical institutions was 69.8 Bq/m³, with the highest being 147.6 Bq/m³. The average indoor radon concentrations in the underground workplaces of medical institutions in Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, and Hunan were 72.1, 83.2, 66.6, 88.4, and 61.5 Bq/m³, respectively. The annual effective doses to radiation workers caused by radon concentrations in underground workplaces were 0.57-0.83 mSv, with an average of 0.69 mSv. There was a significant difference in radon concentrations among provinces (P < 0.05). Conclusion The indoor radon concentrations and personnel exposure doses in the underground workplaces of monitored medical institutions comply with national control standards. However, continuous monitoring and necessary indoor radon prevention and control measures are still needed.