Objective Orosomucoid1 （ORM1） is a novel target in the quest for anti-fatigue pharmacotherapy. Preliminary investigations have illuminated oleuropein （OLE） as a promising candidate molecule, poised to enhance ORM1 expression. To elucidate the influence of OLE on ORM1 protein expression and assess its ramifications on muscle endurance. Methods The impact of OLE on ORM1 protein expressions within hepatocytes and liver tissue was meticulously quantified through Western blotting; the effects of OLE on muscle endurance were evaluated via the rotarod and forced swimming tests; glycogen content within liver and muscle tissues was determined utilizing a specialized kit; and PAS staining was employed to visualize glycogen deposition in the gastrocnemius muscle. Results OLE demonstrated a capacity to elevate ORM1 protein expression in hepatocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner, concurrently prolonging the duration of swimming and rotarod performance in mice, also in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, OLE augmented ORM1 expression in liver tissue, elevated serum ORM1 levels, and enhanced glycogen reserves within the liver and muscle. Conclusion OLE may serve to amplify muscle endurance by elevating ORM1 levels in vivo and augmenting glycogen stores within skeletal muscle.

The inflammatory microenvironment is closely associated with the initiation and progression of osteoarthritis （OA）， specifically manifesting as macrophage activation， dysregulation of inflammatory cytokines， and redox imbalance. Following an overview of the pathological characteristics of the OA inflammatory microenvironment， this paper reviews the research progress on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） intervening in OA by modulating the inflammatory microenvironment. It has been found that TCM monomers/active ingredients （such as total alkaloids from Strychnos nux-vomica ， quercetin， triptolide， etc.）， herb pairs （e.g. Angelica pubescens - Gentiana macrophylla ， Carthami Flos-Lycopodii Herba）， and TCM formulas （such as Zhuanggu jianxi formula， Duhuo jisheng decoction and Rongjin niantong formula， etc.） can inhibit macrophage activation， reduce the release of proinflammatory cytokines and the generation of reactive oxygen species by inhibiting multiple signaling pathways， including nuclear factor-κB， Wnt/ β -catenin， and mitogen-activated protein kinase， thereby alleviating the articular inflammatory microenvironment， restoring local joint homeostasis， and slowing the progression of OA.

Background Gestational weight gain is closely related to maternal and infant health outcomes. Pregnant women are simultaneously exposed to four metals—lithium (Li), vanadium (V), uranium (U), and bismuth (Bi)—through inhalation of fine particulate matter and consumption of contaminated food and water. Existing studies suggest that exposure to these metals may be associated with gestational weight gain. However, no study has yet explored the complex relationships between exposure to mixtures of these four metals and weight gain at different stages of pregnancy. Objective To investigate the associations between mixed exposure to Li, V, U, and Bi in early pregnancy and the average weekly gestational weight gain during both early pregnancy and mid-to-late pregnancy. Methods This prospective study recruited eligible women in early pregnancy from an obstetrics clinic of a tertiary hospital in Jinan, China, between September 2021 and July 2023. Pre-pregnancy weight, current weight (at 11⁺⁰ to 13⁺⁶ weeks of gestation), and spot urine samples (≥5.0 mL) were collected at enrollment. Urinary concentrations of Li, V, Bi, and U were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Participants were followed up in late pregnancy (≥28 weeks of gestation) to collect information on physical activity via questionnaire; weight measurements at the last antenatal visit (35⁺⁰ to 37⁺⁶ weeks of gestation) were obtained from the hospital information system. After adjusting for covariates, multiple linear regression and generalized additive models were used to assess the associations of individual metals with weekly weight gain in early pregnancy and in mid-to-late pregnancy. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and quantile-based g-computation (Qgcomp) were applied to evaluate the joint effects of the metal mixture exposure on weekly weight gain at the two gestational stages. Results A total of 313 pregnant women were included. The geometric means of urinary Li, V, U, and Bi concentrations were 37.07, 0.20, 0.06, and 0.04 μg·L⁻¹, respectively; after creatinine adjustment, the corresponding values were 46.82, 0.25, 0.07, and 0.05 μg·g⁻¹ (Cr). The mean weekly gestational weight gain was (0.19±0.25) kg in early pregnancy and (0.53 ± 0.18) kg in mid-to-late pregnancy. Both multiple linear regression and generalized additive models showed that urinary V concentration was positively associated with average weekly gestational weight gain in early pregnancy, while no significant associations were found for other metals or for gestational weight gain in mid-to-late pregnancy. In the BKMR model with early-pregnancy weight gain as the outcome, V had the strongest association [posterior inclusion probability (PIP)=0.773]. When other metals were fixed at their medians, V showed a positive non-linear association with the outcome. A significant single-metal effect of V and its interaction with Li were observed. Compared with the 50th percentile of the metal mixture, the average weekly weight gain in early pregnancy increased by 0.016 (95%CI: 0.003, 0.029) and 0.018 (95%CI: 0.001, 0.036) at the 60th and 65th percentiles, respectively; conversely, at the 25th percentile, it decreased by 0.026 (95%CI: 0.002, 0.050). Overall, the joint effect of the metal mixture on early- pregnancy weight gain showed an upward trend. In the BKMR model for mid-to-late pregnancy gestational weight gain, all PIPs were<0.5, and no significant single-metal effects, interactions, or joint effects were identified. Qgcomp results confirmed a positive association between the metal mixture and early-pregnancy weight gain (b=0.031, 95%CI: 0.010, 0.051; P<0.01), with V contributing the highest positive weight (0.71). No significant association was found for weight gain in mid-to-late pregnancy (b=0.007, P=0.339). Conclusion Higher levels of co-exposure to the Li, V, Bi, and U metal mixture during early pregnancy may be associated with increased average weekly weight gain in early pregnancy. Among these metals, V exhibits a predominant role and appears to interact with Li. No association is observed between early-pregnancy metal mixture exposure and average weekly gestational weight gain in mid-to-late pregnancy. These findings suggest that monitoring and managing metal exposure during early pregnancy may be crucial for the rational regulation of gestational weight gain.

Objective: This study proposes a clustering framework for Chinese materia medica (CMM) based on a large language model (LLM), aiming to explore potential compatibility patterns among CMMs from the semantic perspective of CMM property theory. Methods: First, a CMM property knowledge base was constructed based on Chinese Materia Medica, including 567 commonly used CMMs characterized by four properties, five flavors, and meridian tropism. Then, 49 CMMs derived from 10 prescriptions for Zangdu (脏毒, pathogenic toxins) recorded in Waike Zhengzong (《外科正宗》, Orthodox Manual of External Medicine) and Yangke Xinde Ji (《疡科心得集》, Collected Insights on Ulcer Medicine) were selected as the experimental dataset. Five semantic representation methods—One-Hot, Word2Vec, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence General Embedding (BGE), and Qwen—were applied to encode CMM property information into vector representations. Subsequently, t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) was used for nonlinear dimensionality reduction on high-dimensional semantic vectors, followed by k-means clustering (k = 7). Clustering performance was evaluated using the Silhouette Score (SS), Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI), and Calinski-Harabasz Index (CHI). Results: The Qwen-based clustering method, CMM-EmbedCluster, achieved the highest SS (0.607 4) and CHI (158.057 2), as well as the lowest DBI (0.499 5), indicating improved cluster separation and compactness compared with other methods. Visualization of CMM clustering results showed that the clusters were well separated in the low-dimensional space, with strong inter-cluster discrimination and high intra-cluster functional consistency. Further interpretability analysis of CMM clustering results revealed stable structural differences among clusters in terms of four properties, five flavors, and meridian tropism, forming functional partitions consistent with CMM property theory. Conclusion CMM-EmbedCluster utilizes an LLM to achieve semantic-level representation and clustering of CMMs within the framework of CMM property theory, providing support for exploring potential compatibility patterns among CMMs from the perspective of CMM property semantics.

Objective: To investigate the association between uric acid level and elevated blood pressure among children and adolescents in Guangzhou, so as to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of hypertension in the pediatric population. Methods: From March to December 2019, using stratified cluster random sampling, 3 626 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years without elevated blood pressure at baseline were recruited from 6 primary and secondary schools in Guangzhou. Serum uric acid levels were measured at baseline, and divided into four groups ( Q1-Q 4) based on age and sex specific quartiles for analyses. Two waves of follow up were carried out from October 2020 to May 2021 and from October 2021 to May 2022, respectively. Multilevel robust Poisson regression was used to evaluate the association between uric acid level and elevated blood pressure among children and adolescents. The additive interaction between high uric acid level and sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) intake on elevated blood pressure was assessed by stratification analysis and calculation of the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). Results: A total of 1 131 new cases of elevated blood pressure were identified during the two follow ups, with an incidence density of 130.5 cases 1 000 person years. Multilevel robust Poisson regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounders such as gender, age and annual family income, compared with those in the uric acid Q 1 level, the risk of elevated blood pressure in individuals in the Q 4 level increased by 25% ( RR=1.25, 95%CI =1.08-1.44), and the risk of elevated systolic blood pressure increased by 20% ( RR=1.20, 95%CI =1.05-1.36) (both P <0.05); no statistical association was observed between uric acid and elevated diastolic blood pressure (all P >0.05). In the stratified analysis, the statistical associations of uric acid Q 4 level with elevated blood pressure ( RR=1.34, 95%CI =1.13-1.58) and elevated systolic blood pressure ( RR=1.33, 95%CI =1.14-1.55) were only observed in the group with SSB intake ≥ 250 mL/week (both P <0.05). The RERI values for the effect of uric acid Q 4 and Q 3 levels with SSB intake ≥ 250 mL/week on elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 0.29 and 0.44 (both P <0.05). Conclusions High uric acid level is a risk factor for elevated blood pressure among children and adolescents, with a predominant effect on systolic blood pressure. High uric acid level and SSB intake synergistically promote the increase of blood pressure of children and adolescents.

Objective To investigate the correlation of dietary lipid intake and apolipoprotein with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection combined with gastric mucosal lesions. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 320 patients diagnosed with Hp infection during physical examinations from March 2024 to March 2025. The daily dietary lipid intake of all patients was statistically analyzed. The levels of apolipoprotein A1‌ (Apo-A1) and apolipoprotein B‌ (Apo B) were detected. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors influencing Hp infection combined with gastric mucosal lesions. Results Compared with the non-gastric mucosal lesion group, patients in the gastric mucosal lesion group had higher daily dietary lipid intake, lower Apo-A1, higher Apo B, and higher proportion of family history of gastric cancer (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that daily dietary lipid intake, low level of Apo-A1, and high level of Apo B were independent risk factors of Hp infection with gastric mucosal lesion (P<0.05). Conclusion Daily dietary lipid intake, Apo-A1, and Apo B are closely related to Hp infection with gastric mucosal lesion. For patients with high daily dietary lipid intake, decreased Apo-A1 level, increased Apo B level, and complicated Hp infection, it is necessary to further screen gastroscopy to determine whether gastric mucosal lesion occurs.

ObjectiveTo explore the function and related molecular mechanisms of magnoflorine against colon cancer via network pharmacology， molecular docking， and in vitro cell experiments. MethodsIn this study， the canonical SMILES of magnoflorine was obtained from the PubChem database， and the potential targets of magnoflorine were predicted by the Swiss Target Prediction database， while the disease targets of colon cancer were obtained from the DisGeNET， GeneCards and OMIM databases. The intersecting targets between magnoflorine's predicted targets and colon cancer disease targets were taken， and a protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was constructed and analyzed. The DAVID online database was employed to conduct Gene Ontology （GO） and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses on core targets. The top five key targets screened were docked with magnoflorine using AutoDock software. Finally， cellular experiments including CCK-8 assays， EdU experiments， cell scratch assays， and Transwell assays were conducted to validate the results from network pharmacology and molecular docking. Results44 key targets of magnoflorine in resisting colon cancer were acquired. The molecular docking results showed that magnoflorine had a strong binding activity with the core target signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） in the top five of the PPI network. Cellular experiments confirmed that magnoflorine could inhibit the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells by suppressing the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. ConclusionMagnoflorine may inhibit the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells by regulating the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigated the effects of occupational exposure to N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) on sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) and iron metabolism among workers. Methods A total of 20 workers occupationally exposed to DMF were selected as the exposure group, and 15 healthy workers without DMF exposure from the same factory were selected as the control group using the purposive sampling method. DMF exposure levels were assessed in individual samples of the workers. The urinary N-methylformamide (NMF) levels were measured by gas chromatography. The mRNA expression of SREBP-1a, SREBP-1c, and SREBP-2 in peripheral blood was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum transferrin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), and ferritin levels. Results The DMF exposure levels among the workers in the control group were below the detection limit, and urinary NMF was undetectable. The median DMF exposure level was 13.30 mg/m³, and the mean urinary NMF level was (9.72±1.78) mg/g Cr among the workers in the exposure group. Compared with the control group, the relative mRNA expression of SREBP-1a, SREBP-1c, and SREBP-2 in peripheral blood of workers in the exposure group increased (all P<0.05), while the levels of transferrin and sTfR decreased (both P<0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference in serum ferritin levels between the two groups (P>0.05). In the exposure group, urinary NMF level of workers was negatively correlated with the relative mRNA expression level of SREBP-1c in blood [correlation coefficient (r)=-0.50, P=0.03], and positively correlated with the levels of serum transferrin, sTfR, and ferritin (r = 0.63, 0.58, and 0.52, respectively; all P<0.05). Conclusion Occupational exposure to DMF can upregulate the expression of the SREBP family and disrupt iron metabolism, with a potential association between these effects.

Objective To evaluate the current status in the implementation of GBZ/T 201.5-2015 Radiation shielding requirements for radiotherapy rooms-Part 5: Radiotherapy room of proton accelerators, identify issues in the application of its technical indicators, and provide a basis for the in-depth implementation and further revision of the standard. Methods In accordance with the Standardization Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Guidelines for Health Standards Tracking Evaluation (WS/T 536-2017), a combination of cluster sampling and stratified sampling methods was employed to select professionals involved in proton accelerator radiotherapy devices and facilities in three provinces (or municipalities directly under the central government) as the subjects of the survey. A questionnaire was developed to collect basic information about the subjects and their understanding and application of the technical indicators in the standard. A standard evaluation indicator system with a total score of 100 points was established to score the implementation of the standard (40 points), the technical content (30 points), and the effectiveness of the implementation (30 points). Results A total of 169 professionals from 107 institutions participated in the survey, with 79.88% of the respondents having at least 5 years of experience in radiation therapy and 74.56% holding intermediate or higher professional titles. The score of standard implementation was 18.3 points. The awareness rate exceeded 80%, indicating a high level of awareness about the standard. However, the scores for the dissemination and application of the standard were relatively low, accounting for 28% and 32% of their respective full marks. The technical content of the standard and the effectiveness of its implementation scored 27.0 and 26.6 points, respectively. The overall score in the evaluation of standard implementation was 72 points, with scores of 68.6, 72.3, and 75.0 for Beijing City, Shanghai City, and Jiangsu Province, respectively. Conclusion GBZ/T 201.5-2015 Radiation shielding requirements for radiotherapy rooms-Part 5: Radiotherapy room of proton accelerators is scientific and operable, and it is well-coordinated with relevant laws and standards. However, considering the development in FLASH technology and multi-chamber radiotherapy room, it is necessary to revise and improve the standard.

Objective: To explore the correlation between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution and depressive symptom among school aged children and adolescents, so as to provide evidences for informing constitution based regulation and prevention of depressive symptom. Methods: From June to December 2024, a total of 4 729 students aged 6-14 were recruited by cluster random sampling from 10 primary schools in Baoding (Hebei Province), Heze and Liaocheng (Shandong Province). General information, TCM constitution and depressive symptom were collected. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were used to analyze related factors and threshold effects of depressive symptom. Binary Logistic regression was applied to examine the association between depressive symptom and TCM constitution, with subgroup analyses conducted. Results: The detection rate of depressive symptom among the included children and adolescents was 25.82%. RCS analyses indicated non linear associations between depressive symptom and age (inflection point at 10 years old), bedtime (inflection point at 22:00), and wake up time (inflection point at 6:30 ) (all P non linearity <0.01). Linear associations were observed with body mass index (BMI) and sleep duration (all P non linearity > 0.05 ). After adjusting for covariates such as age, BMI and sleep status, binary Logistic regression analyses showed that Yin deficient constitution ( OR =1.26, 95% CI =1.09-1.45) and Phlegm-dampness constitution ( OR =1.42, 95% CI =1.11-1.82) were significantly associated with depressive symptom among children and adolescents (all P <0.05). Conclusions Depressive symptom among school aged children and adolescents is primarily associated with Yin deficiency and Phlegm dampness constitutions in TCM constitution. Active attention should be paid to susceptible TCM constitution among children and adolescents. Targeted health guidance and interventions should be implemented to improve TCM constitution health status for preventing the occurrence of depressive symptom.