BACKGROUND:Precision therapy based on multifunctional nanomaterials is a novel therapeutic model for malignancies that can integrate multiple imaging and therapeutic models into one nanoscale platform to achieve visual combination treatment. OBJECTIVE:To prepare novel nanoparticles loaded with Cu2(OH)PO4 nanoparticles(CuNPs)and nuciferine(NF)(h-PCuNF),and to explore their ability to mediate combined photothermal therapy/photodynamic therapy/chemodynamic therapy/chemotherapy for malignancy. METHODS:The h-PCuNF nanoparticles were synthesized through a double-emulsion procedure,through which the CuNPs and NF were loaded into the shell of hollow poly(lactic-co-glycolic)acid nanocarriers.The morphology,structure,particle size,and zeta potential of the h-PCuNF nanoparticles were characterized.In deionized water,the magnetic resonance imaging and photothermal conversion performances of the h-PCuNF nanoparticles,as well as their capability to implement reactive oxygen species production by mediating photocatalysis and Fenton-like reactions,were evaluated.In liver malignant tumor cell line HepG2 cells,the effectiveness of the photothermal therapy/photodynamic therapy/chemodynamic therapy/chemotherapy combination therapy mediated by the nanoparticles was detected by employing fluorescence imaging and MTT assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The h-PCuNF nanoparticles possessed a hollow spherical structure in which the CuNPs(drug loading rate and encapsulation rate were 26.3%and 63.2%,respectively)and NF(drug loading rate and encapsulation rate were 11.0%and 52.6%,respectively)were loaded into the shell.The average particle size of the h-PCuNF nanoparticles was(309.2±10.0)nm,while the zeta potential was determined to be(-12.5±0.9)mV.In physiological environments,the nanoparticles possess favorable suspension stability.(2)In deionized water,the h-PCuNF nanoparticles could markedly enhance T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging images.The h-PCuNF nanoparticles showed remarkable photothermal conversion and photocatalytic reactive oxygen species generation capabilities under near infrared laser irradiation.In addition,the h-PCuNF nanoparticles could consume glutathione and mediate Fenton-like reactions to produce·OH.(3)The h-PCuNF nanoparticles could be taken up by HepG2 tumor cells and were mainly distributed in the cytoplasm.The synergistic therapeutic effect was demonstrated after the nanoparticles were activated by near infrared laser irradiation,because CuNPs mediated photothermal therapy/photodynamic therapy/chemodynamic therapy and NF mediated chemotherapy could synergistically eliminate the tumor cells.

Objective: To explore the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and its influencing factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 385 patients with ILD admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine) from January 2018 to June 2022. Data on sex, age, body mass index, smoking history, respiratory rate, hospitalization time, treatment cost, whether velcro rales can be heard, comorbidities with rheumatic immune diseases, TCM four examination information, and clinical examination results, including CT imaging, D-dimer level, and lung function-related indicators, were collected. The distribution pattern of TCM syndromes in patients with ILD and the association between TCM syndromes and clinical indicators were analyzed using the cluster analysis and binary Logistic regression analysis. Results: Among the 385 patients with ILD, sticky phlegm (59.74%) and shortness of breath (56.10%) were common symptoms, while greasy tongue coating (55.32%), red tongue (52.73%), and slippery and rapid pulse (25.71%) were common tongue and pulse manifestations. The patients were divided into five syndromes using cluster analysis: syndrome of phlegm-heat stagnation in the lung (36.62%), syndrome of turbid phlegm obstructing lung (29.35%), syndrome of deficiency of both qi and yin (12.99%), syndrome of qi deficiency of lung and kidney (11.95%), and syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis obstructing lung (9.09%). The D-dimer level was lower in patients with syndrome of phlegm-heat stagnation in the lung, syndrome of turbid phlegm obstructing lung, syndrome of deficiency of both qi and yin, and syndrome of qi deficiency of lung and kidney than in those with syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis obstructing lung (P<0.05). The percentage of predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%pred) of patients with syndrome of phlegm-heat stagnation in the lung, syndrome of turbid phlegm obstructing lung, syndrome of deficiency of both qi and yin, and syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis obstructing lung was higher than in those with syndrome of qi deficiency of lung and kidney (P<0.05). Among patients aged 60 and above, those with syndrome of phlegm-heat stagnation in the lung, syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis obstructing lung, and syndrome of deficiency of both qi and yin containing dual pathogenic syndrome elements were more likely to experience moderate to severe pulmonary diffusion impairment than those with syndrome of turbid phlegm obstructing lung and syndrome of qi deficiency of lung and kidney containing single pathogenic syndrome elements (P<0.05). The Logistic regression showed that the FVC%pred was an influential factor for syndrome of qi deficiency of lung and kidney, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) between FVC%pred and the formation of syndrome of qi deficiency of lung and kidney was 0.676 (95%CI: 0.598-0.755), P=0.002. The sensitivity was 0.431, the specificity was 0.966, and the best threshold on the ROC curve of 0.397 was 79.1%. The D-dimer level was an influential factor in the formation of syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis obstructing lung. The AUC between D-dimer level and the formation of syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis obstructing lung was 0.729 (95%CI: 0.655-0.802), P<0.001. The sensitivity was 0.914, the specificity was 0.523, and the best threshold on the ROC curve of 0.437 was 0.675 mg/L. Conclusion syndrome of phlegm-heat stagnation in the lung and syndrome of turbid phlegm obstructing lung are common among patients with ILD. Complex pathological syndromes are more likely to exacerbate pulmonary diffusion dysfunction. The FVC%pred can assist in differentiating syndrome of qi deficiency of lung and kidney, whereas the D-dimer level can assist in differentiating syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis obstructing lung.

ObjectiveTo investigate whether menaquinone-4 （MK-4） can exert a protective effect against carbon tetrachloride （CCl₄）-induced acute liver injury （ALI） in mice by alleviating ferroptosis. MethodsAfter adaptive feeding， adult male ICR mice， aged 8 weeks， were divided into Control group， MK-4 group， CCl₄ model group （6-hour， 12-hour， and 24-hour）， and MK-4+CCl₄ group （6-hour， 12-hour， and 24-hour）， with 6 mice in each group. The mice in the Control group were given intraperitoneal injection of an equal dose of corn oil； the mice in the MK-4 group were given intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg MK-4 solution， followed by an equal dose of corn oil after 1 hour； the mice in the MK-4+CCl₄ group （6-hour， 12-hour， and 24-hour） were given intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg MK-4 solution， and after 1 hour， the mice in this group and the CCl₄ model group （6-hour， 12-hour， and 24-hour） were given intraperitoneal injection of 0.3 mL/kg CCl₄ solution， with samples collected at 6， 12， and 24 hours. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of mouse liver； Prussian blue staining was used to observe iron accumulation in liver tissue； a biochemical analyzer was used to measure the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase （AST） and alanine aminotransferase （ALT）； related kits were used to measure the levels of tissue iron content and the oxidative stress indices malondialdehyde （MDA） and glutathione （GSH） in liver homogenate； RT-PCR was used to measure the expression levels of ferroptosis marker genes （acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 ［ACSL4］， prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 ［PTGS2］， and glutathione peroxidase 4 ［GPX4］） and iron metabolism-related genes （hemojuvelin ［HJV］， transferrin receptor 1 ［TFR1］， and ferroportin ［FPN］）， and Western blot was used to measure the protein expression level of GPX4. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups， and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsIn the aging study， compared with the Control group， the CCl₄ model group （6-hour， 12-hour， and 24-hour） had significant increases in liver weight coefficient and the serum levels of ALT and AST （all P<0.05）， and HE staining also showed that liver injury gradually aggravated over time. Meanwhile， compared with the CCl₄ model group （6-hour， 12-hour， and 24-hour）， the MK-4+CCl₄ （12-hour） group had significant reductions in liver weight coefficient and the serum levels of ALT and AST （all P<0.05）， with a reduction in the necrotic area of liver tissue， and therefore， 12-hour mouse tissue samples were used for detection in the following study. Compared with the Control group， the CCl₄ group had a significant increase in MDA and a significant reduction in GSH （both P<0.05）， and compared with the CCl₄ group， the MK-4+CCl₄ group had a significant reduction in MDA and a significant increase in GSH （both P<0.05）. Compared with the Control group， the CCl₄ group had significant increases in the key ferroptosis indices ASCL4 and PTGS2 and a significant reduction in GPX4 （all P<0.05）； compared with the CCl₄ group， the MK-4+CCl₄ group had significant reductions in the mRNA expression levels of ASCL4 and PTGS2 and a significant increase in the mRNA expression level of GPX4 （all P<0.05）. Western blotting showed that compared with the Control group， the CCl₄ group had a significant reduction in the protein expression level of GPX4 （P<0.05）， and compared with the CCl₄ group， the MK-4+CCl₄ group had a significant increase in the protein expression level of GPX4 （P<0.05）. Prussian blue staining showed that compared with the Control group， the CCl₄ group had a significant increase in iron accumulation； after MK-4 intervention， compared with the CCl₄ group， the MK-4+CCl₄ group had a significant reduction in iron accumulation. As for the measurement of iron metabolism genes in mouse liver， compared with the Control group， the CCl₄ group had a significant increase in iron content， significant reductions in the mRNA expression levels of FPN and HJV， and a significant increase in the mRNA expression level of TFR1 （all P<0.05）； after protection with MK-4， there was a significant reduction in iron content， significant increases in the mRNA expression levels of FPN and HJV， and a significant reduction in the mRNA expression level of TFR1 （all P<0.05）. ConclusionMK-4 intervention in advance can alleviate CCl₄-induced ALI in mice， possibly by inhibiting ferroptosis and improving the expression of iron metabolism-related genes in mouse liver.

Oral diseases, such as periodontitis, salivary gland diseases, and oral cancers, significantly challenge health conditions due to their detrimental effects on patient's digestive functions, pronunciation, and esthetic demands. Delayed diagnosis and non-targeted treatment profoundly influence patients' prognosis and quality of life. The exploration of innovative approaches for early detection and precise treatment represents a promising frontier in oral medicine. Exosomes, which are characterized as nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles, are secreted by virtually all types of cells. As the research continues, the complex roles of these intracellular-derived extracellular vesicles in biological processes have gradually unfolded. Exosomes have attracted attention as valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tools for their ability to transfer abundant biological cargos and their intricate involvement in multiple cellular functions. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent applications of exosomes within the field of oral diseases, focusing on inflammation-related bone diseases and oral squamous cell carcinomas. We characterize the exosome alterations and demonstrate their potential applications as biomarkers for early diagnosis, highlighting their roles as indicators in multiple oral diseases. We also summarize the promising applications of exosomes in targeted therapy and proposed future directions for the use of exosomes in clinical treatment.
Humans ; Exosomes ; Quality of Life ; Extracellular Vesicles ; Biomarkers ; Cell Communication ; Mouth Neoplasms

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of arthroscopic surgery for the treatment of femoral acetabular impingement (FAI) in athletes.Methods:A total of 18 FAI athletes (athlete group) who underwent hip arthroscopy in the Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital from April 2014 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 12 males and 6 females, aged 20.44±3.45 years (range, 15-27 years). According to gender, age, body mass index and follow-up time, 36 non-athlete FAI patients (non-athlete group) were matched at a ratio of 1∶2 by propensity score matching method. There were 18 males and 18 females, aged 20.81±4.68 years (range 14-31 years). The hip pain visual analogue scale (VAS), modified Harris hip score (mHHS), hip outcome score-activity of daily living scale (HOS-ADL) and hip outcome score-sports scale (HOS-SS) scores were compared between the two groups before and after surgery. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) were also compared between the two groups.Results:All patients successfully completed the surgery and were followed up for 33.56±19.20 months (range, 24-77 months). The VAS score at the last follow-up decreased from 6.22±1.52 points before surgery to 1.28±1.67 points in the athletes group, and decreased from 6.28±1.37 points before surgery to 1.67±1.69 points in the non-athletes group. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). The mHHS score at the last follow-up increased from 65.53±12.90 points before surgery to 92.28±13.59 points in the athletes group, and increased from 61.01±11.96 points before surgery to 86.82±11.98 points in the non-athletes group. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). The HOS-ADL score at the last follow-up increased from 72.77±18.86 points before surgery to 94.00±11.36 points in the athletes group, and increased from 70.35±13.12 points before surgery to 90.78±9.36 points in non-athletes group. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). The HOS-SS score at the last follow-up increased from 49.77±22.93 points before surgery to 87.28±17.62 points in the athletes group, and increased from 44.08±19.66 before surgery to 72.57±20.16 in the non-athletes group. The HOS-SS scores in the athletes group at the last follow-up were higher than those in the non-athletes group ( P<0.05). Furthermore, 61% (11/18) in the athletes group achieved MCID in HOS-ADL after surgery, which was lower than the non-athletes group's 81% (31/36), with a statistically significant difference (χ 2=4.339, P=0.037). Conclusion:Hip arthroscopy in the treatment of FAI in athletes can achieve satisfactory pain relief and motor function.

BackgroundPrevention and intervention of procrastination in college students are of great practical significance， and studies have illustrated a pairwise correlation among mindfulness， self-control， insecure attachment and procrastination， whereas the mechanism by which insecure attachment leads to procrastination remains unclear， and the related mediation path is quite understudied. ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of insecure attachment on procrastination among college students and the pathway of mindfulness and self-control， so as to inform the design of interventions for procrastination among college students. MethodsRandom and cluster sampling method were utilized to enroll 514 college students from 4 colleges in Guangdong Province From February to April 2023. Subjects were assessed using Irrational Procrastination Scale （IPS）， Adult Attachment Scale （AAS）， Mindful Attention Awareness Scale （MAAS） and Brief Self-Control Scale （BSCS）. Pearson correlation analysis were adopted to identify the correlation among above scales， and the mediation effect was examined via Bootstrap procedure. ResultsAAS score was positively correlated with IPS score （r=0.382， P<0.01）， and negatively correlated with MAAS and BSCS scores （r=-0.242， -0.353， P<0.01）. IPS score was negatively correlated with MAAS and BSCS scores （r=-0.314， -0.682， P<0.01）. MAAS score was positively correlated with BSCS score （r=0.439， P<0.01）. Insecure attachment positively predicted procrastination （β=0.377， P<0.01）， and the prediction of procrastination by insecure attachment was mediated by self-control， with an indirect effect value of 0.163 （95% CI： 0.105~0.223）， accounting for 43.24% of the total effect value. The mindfulness and self-control exerted a chained mediation effect on the relationship between insecure attachment and procrastination， and the indirect effect value was 0.056 （95% CI： 0.028~0.089）， accounting for 14.85% of the total effect value. ConclusionInsecure attachment can influence procrastination among college students both directly and indirectly through the single mediation of self-control or the chained mediation of mindfulness and self-control. ［Funded by 2023 National College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program （number， 202310570023）］

Oral diseases,such as periodontitis,salivary gland diseases,and oral cancers,significantly challenge health conditions due to their detrimental effects on patient's digestive functions,pronunciation,and esthetic demands.Delayed diagnosis and non-targeted treatment profoundly influence patients'prognosis and quality of life.The exploration of innovative approaches for early detection and precise treatment represents a promising frontier in oral medicine.Exosomes,which are characterized as nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles,are secreted by virtually all types of cells.As the research continues,the complex roles of these intracellular-derived extracellular vesicles in biological processes have gradually unfolded.Exosomes have attracted attention as valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tools for their ability to transfer abundant biological cargos and their intricate involvement in multiple cellular functions.In this review,we provide an overview of the recent applications of exosomes within the field of oral diseases,focusing on inflammation-related bone diseases and oral squamous cell carcinomas.We characterize the exosome alterations and demonstrate their potential applications as biomarkers for early diagnosis,highlighting their roles as indicators in multiple oral diseases.We also summarize the promising applications of exosomes in targeted therapy and proposed future directions for the use of exosomes in clinical treatment.

Oral diseases,such as periodontitis,salivary gland diseases,and oral cancers,significantly challenge health conditions due to their detrimental effects on patient's digestive functions,pronunciation,and esthetic demands.Delayed diagnosis and non-targeted treatment profoundly influence patients'prognosis and quality of life.The exploration of innovative approaches for early detection and precise treatment represents a promising frontier in oral medicine.Exosomes,which are characterized as nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles,are secreted by virtually all types of cells.As the research continues,the complex roles of these intracellular-derived extracellular vesicles in biological processes have gradually unfolded.Exosomes have attracted attention as valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tools for their ability to transfer abundant biological cargos and their intricate involvement in multiple cellular functions.In this review,we provide an overview of the recent applications of exosomes within the field of oral diseases,focusing on inflammation-related bone diseases and oral squamous cell carcinomas.We characterize the exosome alterations and demonstrate their potential applications as biomarkers for early diagnosis,highlighting their roles as indicators in multiple oral diseases.We also summarize the promising applications of exosomes in targeted therapy and proposed future directions for the use of exosomes in clinical treatment.

Oral diseases,such as periodontitis,salivary gland diseases,and oral cancers,significantly challenge health conditions due to their detrimental effects on patient's digestive functions,pronunciation,and esthetic demands.Delayed diagnosis and non-targeted treatment profoundly influence patients'prognosis and quality of life.The exploration of innovative approaches for early detection and precise treatment represents a promising frontier in oral medicine.Exosomes,which are characterized as nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles,are secreted by virtually all types of cells.As the research continues,the complex roles of these intracellular-derived extracellular vesicles in biological processes have gradually unfolded.Exosomes have attracted attention as valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tools for their ability to transfer abundant biological cargos and their intricate involvement in multiple cellular functions.In this review,we provide an overview of the recent applications of exosomes within the field of oral diseases,focusing on inflammation-related bone diseases and oral squamous cell carcinomas.We characterize the exosome alterations and demonstrate their potential applications as biomarkers for early diagnosis,highlighting their roles as indicators in multiple oral diseases.We also summarize the promising applications of exosomes in targeted therapy and proposed future directions for the use of exosomes in clinical treatment.

Oral diseases,such as periodontitis,salivary gland diseases,and oral cancers,significantly challenge health conditions due to their detrimental effects on patient's digestive functions,pronunciation,and esthetic demands.Delayed diagnosis and non-targeted treatment profoundly influence patients'prognosis and quality of life.The exploration of innovative approaches for early detection and precise treatment represents a promising frontier in oral medicine.Exosomes,which are characterized as nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles,are secreted by virtually all types of cells.As the research continues,the complex roles of these intracellular-derived extracellular vesicles in biological processes have gradually unfolded.Exosomes have attracted attention as valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tools for their ability to transfer abundant biological cargos and their intricate involvement in multiple cellular functions.In this review,we provide an overview of the recent applications of exosomes within the field of oral diseases,focusing on inflammation-related bone diseases and oral squamous cell carcinomas.We characterize the exosome alterations and demonstrate their potential applications as biomarkers for early diagnosis,highlighting their roles as indicators in multiple oral diseases.We also summarize the promising applications of exosomes in targeted therapy and proposed future directions for the use of exosomes in clinical treatment.