ObjectiveTo reveal the compatibility rules of the core compound formula and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） components for prevention and treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） by Huazhuo Jiedu （turbidity-resolving and detoxifying） therapy through uniform design in view of the potential regulatory pathway of endogenous turbid-toxin retention in CAG， elucidate the potential pathway by which the compound formulas regulate the Wnt/β-catenin-connexin 43 （CX43） signaling axis， demonstrated the efficacy enhancement and toxicity attenuation among the components， thus providing experimental evidence for the scientific application of multi-component， multi-target compatibility in TCM compound formulas. MethodsA mouse model of CAG was established with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea （MNU）. Sixty mice were randomly allocated into 5 groups （n=12 per group）： blank control， model， low-dose Huazhuo Jiedu core compound formula （HXFF-L， 4.004 g·kg^-1）， high-dose Huazhuo Jiedu core compound formula （HXFF-H， 8.008 g·kg^-1）， and positive control （folic acid at 11 mg·kg^-1 + vitamin B₁₂ at 14 mg·kg^-1）. The therapeutic efficacy and molecular mechanism of the core compound formula were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff （AB-PAS） staining， enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， transmission electron microscopy （TEM）， immunofluorescence assay， and Western blot. The chemical components of the core compound formula were detected and effective components were screened by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry （UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS）. Another 120 mice were randomized into blank control， model， and 8 HXFF component-combination groups with different dosages （uniform design groups 1-8， n=12 per group）. A uniform design was adopted， with pathological scores of mouse gastric tissue as well as serum levels of pepsinogen Ⅰ （PGⅠ）， pepsinogen Ⅱ （PGⅡ）， and gastrin 17 （GAS17） set as dependent variables. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to predict the optimal proportion of core components in the compound formula and explore its compatibility rules. ResultsPharmacodynamic validation showed that compared with the blank control group， the model group had decreased gastric weight index （P<0.01） and increased pathological damage score and inflammatory factor levels （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， these indicators were reversed in the HXFF-L， HXFF-H， and positive control groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Immunofluorescence results showed that CX43 expression was downregulated in the model group compared with the blank control group （P<0.01） and upregulated in the HXFF-H and positive control groups compared with the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Western blot results showed that compared with the blank control group， the model group demonstrated upregulated protein levels of Wnt and β-catenin in the gastric tissue （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the model group， the protein level of Wnt was downregulated in the HXFF-L， HXFF-H， and positive control groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while that of β-catenin was downregulated only in the HXFF-H group （P<0.05）. A total of 25 compounds were identified in the core compound formula， including 9 from Coptidis Rhizoma， 10 from Pogostemonis Herba， 2 from Scorpio， and 4 from Lilii Bulbus. According to the category and origin of compounds， Coptidis Rhizoma alkaloids， Pogostemonis Herba volatile oils， Scorpio peptides， and Lilii Bulbus alkaloids were finally selected for component research. The predicted optimal combination of TCM components was as follows： Coptidis Rhizoma alkaloids at 75 mg·kg^-1， Pogostemonis Herba volatile oils at 2.25 mg·kg^-1， Scorpio protein extract at 90 mg·kg^-1， and Lilii Bulbus alkaloids at 9 mg·kg^-1. Coptidis Rhizoma alkaloids， Scorpio protein extract， Pogostemonis Herba volatile oils， and Lilii Bulbus alkaloids can ameliorate pathological lesions of the gastric tissue. Scorpio protein extract exerted positive regulatory effects on the gastric function， while Pogostemonis Herba volatile oils and Lilii Bulbus alkaloids showed negative correlations with partial gastric function indicators. Further investigations are required to clarify their dose-effect relationships and safety profiles. ConclusionThis study， for the first time， predicts the optimal proportion and synergistic regulatory mechanism of the core compound formula of Huazhuo Jiedu therapy， revealing the synergistic compatibility logic of its components. It provides a novel strategy for the precise TCM treatment of CAG and the modern development of compound formulas.

ObjectiveTo reveal the compatibility rules of the core compound formula and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） components for prevention and treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） by Huazhuo Jiedu （turbidity-resolving and detoxifying） therapy through uniform design in view of the potential regulatory pathway of endogenous turbid-toxin retention in CAG， elucidate the potential pathway by which the compound formulas regulate the Wnt/β-catenin-connexin 43 （CX43） signaling axis， demonstrated the efficacy enhancement and toxicity attenuation among the components， thus providing experimental evidence for the scientific application of multi-component， multi-target compatibility in TCM compound formulas. MethodsA mouse model of CAG was established with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea （MNU）. Sixty mice were randomly allocated into 5 groups （n=12 per group）： blank control， model， low-dose Huazhuo Jiedu core compound formula （HXFF-L， 4.004 g·kg^-1）， high-dose Huazhuo Jiedu core compound formula （HXFF-H， 8.008 g·kg^-1）， and positive control （folic acid at 11 mg·kg^-1 + vitamin B₁₂ at 14 mg·kg^-1）. The therapeutic efficacy and molecular mechanism of the core compound formula were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff （AB-PAS） staining， enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， transmission electron microscopy （TEM）， immunofluorescence assay， and Western blot. The chemical components of the core compound formula were detected and effective components were screened by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry （UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS）. Another 120 mice were randomized into blank control， model， and 8 HXFF component-combination groups with different dosages （uniform design groups 1-8， n=12 per group）. A uniform design was adopted， with pathological scores of mouse gastric tissue as well as serum levels of pepsinogen Ⅰ （PGⅠ）， pepsinogen Ⅱ （PGⅡ）， and gastrin 17 （GAS17） set as dependent variables. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to predict the optimal proportion of core components in the compound formula and explore its compatibility rules. ResultsPharmacodynamic validation showed that compared with the blank control group， the model group had decreased gastric weight index （P<0.01） and increased pathological damage score and inflammatory factor levels （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， these indicators were reversed in the HXFF-L， HXFF-H， and positive control groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Immunofluorescence results showed that CX43 expression was downregulated in the model group compared with the blank control group （P<0.01） and upregulated in the HXFF-H and positive control groups compared with the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Western blot results showed that compared with the blank control group， the model group demonstrated upregulated protein levels of Wnt and β-catenin in the gastric tissue （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the model group， the protein level of Wnt was downregulated in the HXFF-L， HXFF-H， and positive control groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while that of β-catenin was downregulated only in the HXFF-H group （P<0.05）. A total of 25 compounds were identified in the core compound formula， including 9 from Coptidis Rhizoma， 10 from Pogostemonis Herba， 2 from Scorpio， and 4 from Lilii Bulbus. According to the category and origin of compounds， Coptidis Rhizoma alkaloids， Pogostemonis Herba volatile oils， Scorpio peptides， and Lilii Bulbus alkaloids were finally selected for component research. The predicted optimal combination of TCM components was as follows： Coptidis Rhizoma alkaloids at 75 mg·kg^-1， Pogostemonis Herba volatile oils at 2.25 mg·kg^-1， Scorpio protein extract at 90 mg·kg^-1， and Lilii Bulbus alkaloids at 9 mg·kg^-1. Coptidis Rhizoma alkaloids， Scorpio protein extract， Pogostemonis Herba volatile oils， and Lilii Bulbus alkaloids can ameliorate pathological lesions of the gastric tissue. Scorpio protein extract exerted positive regulatory effects on the gastric function， while Pogostemonis Herba volatile oils and Lilii Bulbus alkaloids showed negative correlations with partial gastric function indicators. Further investigations are required to clarify their dose-effect relationships and safety profiles. ConclusionThis study， for the first time， predicts the optimal proportion and synergistic regulatory mechanism of the core compound formula of Huazhuo Jiedu therapy， revealing the synergistic compatibility logic of its components. It provides a novel strategy for the precise TCM treatment of CAG and the modern development of compound formulas.

Objective: To understand the oral health status and associated factors of preschool children with disabilities in Bengbu City, so as to provide evidence for preventing dental caries in children with disabilities. Methods: From September 2021 to March 2022, a total of 405 preschool children with disabilities from two rehabilitation institutions in Bengbu were randomly selected for oral health examination, questionnaire survey and physical examination. The caries prevalence rate among disabled children was analyzed. After grouping based on childrens BMI, the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and dental caries among children was explored. Multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the factors associated with dental caries occurrence in children. Results: The prevalence of dental caries in preschool children with disabilities was 74.07%, with rates of 71.01% for boys and 77.27% for girls. There was a significant difference in caries prevalence between boys and girls aged 5（66.67%，88.24%） (χ2=7.53, P<0.05). There were significant differences in the dmft index among different BMI groups (underweight: 240, normal weight: 606, overweight:30,obese:60,H=35.66,P<0.05). BMI was negatively correlated with dmft（r=-0.50，P＜0.01）. Frequent tooth brushing (2-3 times daily), the use of fluoride toothpaste, limited intake of sugary foods (< 2 times/d) in the past six months, and exclusively breastfeeding within first six months were negatively correlated with the occurrence of dental caries in disabled children (OR=0.09，0.41，0.24, P＜0.05). Sleep forward to eat，parental education level of junior high school or lower, and parental education of vocational school or high school were positively correlated with dental caries (OR=3.18，5.95，3.99，66.95，7.75，P＜0.05). Conclusions The caries prevalence rate of disabled children in Bengbu City is high and is influenced by multiple factors. It is time to strengthen the oral health training for parents and teachers in educational institutions, pay attention to childrens oral health care, and help disabled children improve their quality of life.

Background::The increasing burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) worldwide imposes an emerging public health issue. We perform the current study to estimate the global prevalence, incidence, disease progression, and clinical outcomes of NAFLD.Methods::A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane CENTRAL that screened articles in English language published from January 2000 to December 2021. NAFLD prevalence, incidence, rate of disease progression, and outcomes were calculated with the DerSimonian-Laird random effects model with arcsine transformation.Results::Our search identified 59,156 records, of which 578 studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 29.38% (95% confidence interval [CI] 28.09–30.69) regardless of the diagnostic techniques. Looking at the group in which the diagnosis was made by ultrasound exclusively, the pooled prevalence was 30.49% (95% CI 29.55–31.43). NAFLD has become more prevalent during the year 2011–2021 (31.63%, 95% CI 30.23–33.04) compared with year 2000–2010 (27.94%, 95% CI 26.23–29.69). The pooled estimation of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis prevalence was 8.26% (95% CI 1.13–21.01), 46.49% (95% CI 35.93–57.20), and 46.72% (95% CI 37.57–55.98) in general population, NAFLD patients, and severe/morbidly obese patients, respectively. Based on a total of 110,142 newly developed NAFLD patients, the pooled incident rate was estimated as 46.24 cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI 43.21–49.30). In patients with NAFLD, the incident rate of hepatocellular carcinoma was 1.46 (95% CI 0.90–2.03) cases per 1000 person-years. The overall pooled estimate of NAFLD related mortality was 23.91 (95% CI 13.55–37.18) death per 1000 person-years.Conclusions::The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing globally. It is contributing to poor clinical outcomes including hepatocellular carcinoma and death. Rising awareness and urgent actions are warranted to control the NAFLD pandemic across the globe.Registration::PROSPERO, No. CRD42020171104.

Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors with the highest morbidity and mortality rate, and effective screening and early diagnosis methods can significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality rate of lung cancer patients. Traditional lung cancer detection methods mainly include imaging tests, sputum cell tests, bronchoscopy, and needle biopsy, but these methods have disadvantages such as being highly invasive, complicated operation processes, prone to false positives, and low detection index. Tumor markers can reflect the occurrence and development of tumors and can monitor the effect of tumor treatment. Therefore, tumor marker detection is of great significance for early cancer diagnosis. Biosensor technology is a new rapid detection technology with promising applications. In recent years, research related to biosensors has been intensified in clinical testing and biomedicine. In this paper, the traditional detection methods for lung cancer were briefly introduced, and the technologies and detection methods related to optical or electrochemical lung cancer tumor marker biosensors based on immunology, nanomaterials, and aptamers were highlighted in recent years, and the future development trend of lung cancer tumor marker biosensors was prospected.