Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) refer to traumatic events such as abuse and neglect experienced before the age of 18 years, which have negative impacts on an individual's physical and mental health. Studies have shown that ACEs not only increase the risk of health-harming behaviors such as smoking and alcohol abuse, but are also risk factors for depression and anxiety. The influence of ACEs on depression and anxiety exhibits type-specificity, cumulative effects, and temporal dynamics. The impact of ACE types on depression and anxiety varies across populations and genders, a dose-response relationship exists between the number of ACEs and depression/anxiety, and the phase, trajectory, and frequency of ACEs also significantly influence depression and anxiety. This article collected literature on ACEs and depression/anxiety from January 1995 to June 2024 by searching the CNKI and PubMed databases. It provides a comprehensive review of the associations between different ACEs types, quantities, categories, timing, trajectories, frequencies, and the risks of depression and anxiety, while also exploring the underlying mechanisms of these associations. The findings aim to offer references for the prevention and intervention of ACEs and the improvement of mental health.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the disease burden and inequalities of lower extremity peripheral artery disease (LEPAD) among people aged 40 and above in the Belt and Road partner countries from 1990 to 2021. METHODS: Data were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database. The age-standardized prevalence rates, mortality rates, and the annual rate of years lived with disability (YLDs) of LEPAD were analyzed. Trends were measured using the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), and the slope index of inequality (SII) and concentration index were used to quantify the absolute and relative inequalities. RESULTS: In 2021, the age-standardized prevalence and mortality rates of LEPAD were 3168.26/10⁵ and 3.09/10⁵, increasing by 4.30% and 19.31% compared to 1990, while YLDs rates decreased by 4.00%. Females had higher age-standardized prevalence and YLDs rates, while males had higher mortality rates. The EAPC for prevalence rates was slightly higher in males (0.22%) than in females (0.17%); while the EAPC of age-standardized mortality rate was 2.02% for females, compared to 1.45% for males. From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized YLDs rates decreased from 16.23/10⁵ to 15.58/10⁵, with a faster decline in females (－0.12%) than in males (－0.06%). LEPAD prevalence varied across countries, with higher burden in Europe and faster growth in Gulf states. Higher socio-demographic index countries had higher prevalence. Inequity improved, with the SII at 52.90/10⁵ and concentration index at 0.038 in 2021. Gender disparities persisted, with concentration index increased to 0.058 in females and reduced to －0.026 in males. CONCLUSIONS LEPAD prevalence and mortality among people aged 40 and above in the Belt and Road partner countries increased, while YLDs rates decreased from 1990 to 2021. Significant differences among people exist depending on gender and country, highlighting the need for enhanced screening, health education, and shared public health strategies across the Belt and Road partner countries.
Humans ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/mortality* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Aged ; Prevalence ; Lower Extremity/blood supply* ; Global Burden of Disease ; Cost of Illness

Advanced atherosclerosis is the major global cause of death, as featured by the aggregation of apoptotic cells (ACs) in necrotic cores. The defective efferocytosis and dysfunctional cholesterol efflux of macrophages are the main reasons for forming necrotic cores in advanced atherosclerosis. In this study, we constructed self-assembled procyanidins (PC) NPs for loading pitavastatin (Pita). The designed HA@PC@Pita NPs with hyaluronic acid (HA) modification combined the advantages of efferocytosis restoration of Pita and cholesterol efflux enhancement of PC. In vitro assay indicated that HA@PC@Pita NPs could induce M1/M2 repolarization and upregulate ERK5/Mertk expression to restore efferocytosis of macrophages. Simultaneously, HA@PC@Pita NPs notably promoted cholesterol efflux by promoting macrophage lipophagy, a selective autophagy of lipid droplets. In vivo study showed that HA@PC@Pita NPs cleared necrotic core and enhanced plaque stability in the ApoE ^-/- mice model with advanced atherosclerosis. Taken together, this study demonstrated the potential of HA@PC@Pita NPs for the treatment of advanced atherosclerosis.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an interdisciplinary subject developed on the basis of computer technology, cybernetics, mathematics, philosophy and brain science. The purpose of AI is to study new ways to extend the intelligence of human brain in various fields. In recent years, the rapid development of AI technology has brought innovation to medical science and health care. During the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) AI has been widely used in epidemiological investigation and outbreak prediction, clinical diagnosis and treatment, hospital management, research and development of new drugs and vaccines. The application of AI has reduced the clinical workload and the consumption of medical resources, greatly assisted the battle against COVID-19.This article introduces the progresses on the applications of AI technology to provide information for its further application in the fighting against COVID-19.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in patients with severe/critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this retrospective study, data were collected from 662 patients with severe/critical COVID-19 who were admitted to a designated hospital to treat patients with severe COVID-19 in Wuhan before March 20, 2020. All patients were divided into an exposed group (CHM users) and a control group (non-users). After propensity score matching in a 1:1 ratio, 156 CHM users were matched by propensity score to 156 non-users. No significant differences in seven baseline clinical variables were found between the two groups of patients. All-cause mortality was reported in 13 CHM users who died and 36 non-users who died. After multivariate adjustment, the mortality risk of CHM users was reduced by 82.2% (odds ratio 0.178, 95% CI 0.076-0.418; P < 0.001) compared with the non-users. Secondly, age (odds ratio 1.053, 95% CI 1.023-1.084; P < 0.001) and the proportion of severe/critical patients (odds ratio 0.063, 95% CI 0.028-0.143; P < 0.001) were the risk factors of mortality. These results show that the use of CHM may reduce the mortality of patients with severe/critical COVID-19.
Age Factors ; Aged ; COVID-19/therapy* ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Propensity Score ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

Objective To investigate the effect of high dose mifepristone and high dose progesterone in the treatment of patients with endometrial carcinoma and to explore the possible mechanisms associating with them Methods Thirty untreated patients diagnosed as endometrial carcinoma through dilation and curettage of the uteri were divided into 3 groups at random Each group was given medroxyprogesterone acetate(MPA),(500 mg/day) or mifepristone(MIF),(100 mg/day)or MIF(100 mg/day)+ MPA(500 mg/day)for 5 days respectively On the sixth day, hysterectomy was performed on these patients The endometrial cancer specimen of post hysterectomy was compared with the one of pre administrating The morphologic changes of the endometrial cancer cells were observed through light microscope Immunohistochemistry assay (SP method) was applied to determine the localization and immunoreactive intensity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), B cell leukemia lymphoma 2 (bcl 2), bcl 2 associated X protein(bax) and CD 44 v6 Results Better differentiation degree and active excretion were observed in all of the post hysterectomy endometrial specimen In the same time, apoptosis of carcinoma cells was observed The most significant changes were seen in the MIF+MPA group In the MPA group,the pre treatment and post treatment expression of PR(2 9?1 1,1 6?0 8),ER(2 8?0 9,1 4?0 9),PCNA(0 84?0 10,0 60?0 12),bcl 2(0 236?0 089,0 157?0 981) and CD 44 v6 (4 6?1 8,2 5?1 9) were all decreased(all P 0 05) In the MIF+MPA group, the expression of PR(3 2?1 0,0 8?0 8),ER(2 7?0 9,0 7 ?0 9 ),PCNA(0 81?0 09,0 25?0 09),bcl 2(0 225?0 091,0 066?0 009)and CD 44 v6(4 5?1 9,2 7?1 6) were all decreased(all P