Objective:To provide theoretical support and practice model for improving the clinical medical education supervision system of university-affiliated hospitals.Methods:This study focused on the group of reserve teaching supervision experts. Through literature research, questionnaire survey, and expert interview, the Competency Evaluation Criteria for Reserve Teaching Supervision Experts was constructed, which was implemented according to the training framework of "theory, practice, summary, and feedback". The paired t-test was performed using SPSS 24.0. Results:The research team formulated the Competency Evaluation Criteria for Reserve Teaching Supervision Experts through expert interviews. Six basic competencies and three advanced competencies for reserve teaching supervision experts were identified and their weights were assigned. A supervision team was established with supervision experts (including reserve teaching supervision experts) and teaching staff at a ratio of 1∶6.9, achieving an increase in the coverage of supervised specialties. A toolkit for enhancing the supervision capabilities of reserve experts was developed, and its effectiveness was analyzed. Statistical analysis showed that the overall score gap between reserve teaching supervision experts and senior supervision experts gradually narrowed. In terms of teaching demeanor and teaching effectiveness, there were no significant differences between the two types of experts. However, in terms of teaching content scores, there was a significant difference between reserve teaching supervision experts and senior supervision experts ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The training mechanism of reserve teaching supervision experts can effectively bridge the structural defects of the traditional supervision team. However, further emphasis is needed on the standardization and professionalization of teaching content supervision.

Objective:To provide theoretical support and practice model for improving the clinical medical education supervision system of university-affiliated hospitals.Methods:This study focused on the group of reserve teaching supervision experts. Through literature research, questionnaire survey, and expert interview, the Competency Evaluation Criteria for Reserve Teaching Supervision Experts was constructed, which was implemented according to the training framework of "theory, practice, summary, and feedback". The paired t-test was performed using SPSS 24.0. Results:The research team formulated the Competency Evaluation Criteria for Reserve Teaching Supervision Experts through expert interviews. Six basic competencies and three advanced competencies for reserve teaching supervision experts were identified and their weights were assigned. A supervision team was established with supervision experts (including reserve teaching supervision experts) and teaching staff at a ratio of 1∶6.9, achieving an increase in the coverage of supervised specialties. A toolkit for enhancing the supervision capabilities of reserve experts was developed, and its effectiveness was analyzed. Statistical analysis showed that the overall score gap between reserve teaching supervision experts and senior supervision experts gradually narrowed. In terms of teaching demeanor and teaching effectiveness, there were no significant differences between the two types of experts. However, in terms of teaching content scores, there was a significant difference between reserve teaching supervision experts and senior supervision experts ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The training mechanism of reserve teaching supervision experts can effectively bridge the structural defects of the traditional supervision team. However, further emphasis is needed on the standardization and professionalization of teaching content supervision.

Objective:To investigate the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)in breast cancer patients and healthy individuals,and assess liver fibrosis in breast cancer patients with NAFLD.Methods:Propensity score matching(PSM)was used to match 194 breast cancer patients who were treated in the Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery of Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital between May 2021 and December 2021,with 1 138 people who underwent physical examination during the same period.The effect of NAFLD on the risk of breast cancer was investigated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients with breast cancer was assessed by serum fibrosis markers.Differences in NAFLD status were compared in patients of different breast cancer molecular subtypes,expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)and clinical staging.Results:The PSM successfully matched 164 pairs.Whether or not in menopause,the prevalence of NAFLD in the breast cancer group was significantly higher than that in the health examination group(premenopausal:12/61 vs 5/67,P=0.042;postmenopausal:27/103 vs 9/97,P=0.002).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of breast cancer in premenopausal NAFLD patients was 4.05 times higher than that without NAFLD[relative risk(RR)=4.05,95％confidence interval(CI):1.22-13.47,P=0.023].The same phenomenon can be observed in postmenopausal patients(RR=5.86,95％CI:2.06-16.62,P＜0.001).For patients with NAFLD,those with concurrent breast cancer have a higher risk of liver fibrosis than those without breast cancer.The incidence of NAFLD is not related to breast cancer molecular subtypes and HER2 expression,but exhibits a higher incidence in stage Ⅱ patients.Conclusion:NAFLD is closely associated with breast cancer.Patients with breast cancer have a higher proportion of NAFLD than healthy people,and NAFLD patients have an increased risk of breast cancer compared with non-NAFLD patients.Attention should be paid to the screening and management of NAFLD in breast cancer patients to prevent the incidence and progression of liver fibrosis in early stage.

Objective:To investigate the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)in breast cancer patients and healthy individuals,and assess liver fibrosis in breast cancer patients with NAFLD.Methods:Propensity score matching(PSM)was used to match 194 breast cancer patients who were treated in the Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery of Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital between May 2021 and December 2021,with 1 138 people who underwent physical examination during the same period.The effect of NAFLD on the risk of breast cancer was investigated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients with breast cancer was assessed by serum fibrosis markers.Differences in NAFLD status were compared in patients of different breast cancer molecular subtypes,expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)and clinical staging.Results:The PSM successfully matched 164 pairs.Whether or not in menopause,the prevalence of NAFLD in the breast cancer group was significantly higher than that in the health examination group(premenopausal:12/61 vs 5/67,P=0.042;postmenopausal:27/103 vs 9/97,P=0.002).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of breast cancer in premenopausal NAFLD patients was 4.05 times higher than that without NAFLD[relative risk(RR)=4.05,95％confidence interval(CI):1.22-13.47,P=0.023].The same phenomenon can be observed in postmenopausal patients(RR=5.86,95％CI:2.06-16.62,P＜0.001).For patients with NAFLD,those with concurrent breast cancer have a higher risk of liver fibrosis than those without breast cancer.The incidence of NAFLD is not related to breast cancer molecular subtypes and HER2 expression,but exhibits a higher incidence in stage Ⅱ patients.Conclusion:NAFLD is closely associated with breast cancer.Patients with breast cancer have a higher proportion of NAFLD than healthy people,and NAFLD patients have an increased risk of breast cancer compared with non-NAFLD patients.Attention should be paid to the screening and management of NAFLD in breast cancer patients to prevent the incidence and progression of liver fibrosis in early stage.

In order to further strengthen the training and management of clinical teachers, broaden the career development channels of clinical teachers, and truly stimulate their teaching enthusiasm and initiative, this study further classifies clinical teachers according to the principle of the Snell model, focuses on the training of educational clinicians, and explores the training mechanism of teaching talents in line with the actual development needs of hospitals affiliated to universities from the aspects of selection, training, incentive, and assessment. The results of practice show that related practices have a good effect, and the mean number of teaching achievements was 1.98 for the 56 educational physicians, which was 3.9 times that for non-educational physicians. The per capita teaching achievements of educational physicians tended to increase every year compared with those of non-educational physicians. The training path for educational physicians provides useful experience for the construction of clinical teaching team and the high-quality development of education and teaching, and at the same time, it is necessary to further strengthen the dynamic adjustment of talent echelon, the improvement of operating mechanism, and the introduction of new technology.