To explore the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and integrative TCM-Western medicine approaches in the treatment of diabetic microvascular complications （DMC）， refine key pathophysiological insights and treatment principles， and promote academic innovation and strategic research planning in the prevention and treatment of DMC. The 38th session of the Expert Salon on Diseases Responding Specifically to Traditional Chinese Medicine， hosted by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， was held in Beijing， 2024. Experts in TCM， Western medicine， and interdisciplinary fields convened to conduct a systematic discussion on the pathogenesis， diagnostic and treatment challenges， and mechanism research related to DMC， ultimately forming a consensus on key directions. Four major research recommendations were proposed. The first is addressing clinical bottlenecks in the prevention and control of DMC by optimizing TCM-based evidence evaluation systems. The second is refining TCM core pathogenesis across DMC stages and establishing corresponding "disease-pattern-time" framework. The third is innovating mechanism research strategies to facilitate a shift from holistic regulation to targeted intervention in TCM. The fourth is advancing interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance the role of TCM in new drug development， research prioritization， and guideline formulation. TCM and integrative approaches offer distinct advantages in managing DMC. With a focus on the diseases responding specifically to TCM， strengthening evidence-based support and mechanism interpretation and promoting the integration of clinical care and research innovation will provide strong momentum for the modernization of TCM and the advancement of national health strategies.

As an extension of the central nervous system, the retina is the only tissue in the body that allows direct in vivo observation of both neural and vascular structures, offering a unique non-invasive window for the assessment of cerebral neurovascular diseases. Recent studies have shown that multimodal imaging techniques—such as fundus photography, optical coherence tomography(OCT), and OCT angiography(OCTA)—enable quantitative analysis of retinal indicators including vascular caliber, fractal dimension, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and microvascular density. These metrics can, to some extent, reflect the severity and progression risk of cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Consequently, retinal imaging holds promise as a powerful tool for early screening, risk stratification, and treatment monitoring. This article systematically reviews the application of retinal imaging technologies in the diagnosis and management of cerebral neurovascular disorders, with a particular focus on the important role of artificial intelligence(AI)-driven image analysis in enhancing screening efficiency, improving risk assessment accuracy, and promoting multidisciplinary collaborative care, thereby providing insights for clinical translation.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical value of sacral canal posterior wall reconstruction in the treatment of symptomatic sacral canal cysts.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted.The clinical data of 80 patients with symptomatic sacral cysts who underwent surgical treatment at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, between June 2018 and September 2024 were collected. There were 19 males and 61 females, with an average age of (49.0±11.3) years (ranged from 23-76 years). The patients were divided into the traditional group ( n=30) and the reconstruction group ( n=50) based on the surgical approach. The traditional group underwent the conventional surgical method without reconstruction of the posterior wall of the sacral canal, while the reconstruction group underwent posterior wall reconstruction of the sacral canal. Postoperative observations included the integrity of the sacral canal posterior wall, wound healing, and symptom improvement in both groups. Measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as mean±standard deviation( ± s). Independent samples t-test was used for comparisons of measurement data between groups. Categorical data were compared using the chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test. Ordinal data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between variables. Results:Among the 80 patients, the sacral bone integrity score in the reconstruction group was (1.42±0.49) scores, compared to (3.00±0.00) scores in the traditional group, the reconstruction group showed significantly better results ( P<0.05). Symptom improvement was also significantly different between the two groups ( P=0.038): in the traditional group, 17 patients experienced complete symptom resolution, 6 partial improvement, 7 no improvement, and 0 worsening; in the reconstruction group, 37 had complete symptom resolution, 11 partial improvement, 2 no improvement, and 0 worsening. The effective improvement rate (complete+ partial improvement) in the reconstruction group was significantly better than that in the traditional group ( P=0.012). In terms of wound healing, 76 cases healed well, 4 had delayed healing, and 0 had infections. In the traditional group, 27 healed well, 3 had delayed healing, 0 infections; in the reconstruction group, 49 healed well, 1 had delayed healing, and 0 infections. There was no significant difference in wound healing rate between the two groups ( P=0.146). A significant positive correlation was found between sacral canal posterior wall integrity and symptom improvement ( r=0.288, P=0.010). Conclusion:Sacral canal posterior wall reconstruction significantly improves postoperative anatomical integrity and clinical outcomes without increasing complications, supporting its adoption as a preferred surgical approach for symptomatic sacral canal cysts.

Background Kurtosis reflecting noise's temporal structure is an effective metric for evaluating noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), and its threshold is still unclear. Objective To explore the energy range of kurtosis and the threshold of NIHL induced by kurtosis in this energy rangeMethods Using cross-sectional design, 4631 noise-exposed workers in manufacturing industry were selected. The hearing loss and noise exposure data of each worker were collected. Logistic regression model was used to establish the dose-response relationship between noise exposure and hearing loss and estimate the range of energy effects. Restricted cubic spline model was utilized to analyze the dose-response relationship curves of kurtosis to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHI) and high-frequency noise-induced hearing loss (HFNIHL) under different 8 h equivalent sound levels (L_{EX,8 h}), as well as to estimate the kurtosis effect threshold. Results The logistic regression model analysis showed that the prevalence of NIHI and HFNIHL increased significantly with increase of L_{EX,8 h} for steady noise; when L_{EX,8 h} of non-steady noise was 80-100 dB(A), the risk of hearing loss increased with an increase in kurtosis (P<0.05). The restricted cubic spline model showed that when L_{EX,8 h} of non-steady noise was 0-80 dB(A) or >100 dB(A), there was no significant relationship between kurtosis and NIHI or HFNIHL. When L_{EX,8 h} was 80-100 dB(A), there was a significant nonlinear dose-response relationship between kurtosis and NIHL or HFNIHL (P <0.001), and kurtosis > 28.08 exerted effect in elevating NIHI or HFNIHL. Conclusion The effect threshold of kurtosis on NIHL is 28.08 when non-steady noise levels are in the range of 80-100 dB(A). The effect threshold of kurtosis needs further verification.

Food-derived bioactive peptides (FBPs), particularly those with ten or fewer amino acid residues and a molecular weight below 1300 Da, have gained increasing attention for their safe, diverse structures and specific biological activities. The development of FBP-based functional foods and potential medications depends on understanding their structure‒activity relationships (SARs), stability, and bioavailability properties. In this review, we provide an in-depth overview of the roles of FBPs in treating various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, liver diseases, and inflammatory bowel diseases, based on the literature from July 2017 to Mar. 2023. Subsequently, attention is directed toward elucidating the associations between the bioactivities and structural characteristics (e.g., molecular weight and the presence of specific amino acids within sequences and compositions) of FBPs. We also discuss in silico approaches for FBP screening and their limitations. Finally, we summarize recent advancements in formulation techniques to improve the bioavailability of FBPs in the food industry, thereby contributing to healthcare applications.
Humans ; Peptides/therapeutic use* ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Functional Food ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy* ; Biological Availability ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy* ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy* ; Hypertension/drug therapy* ; Liver Diseases/drug therapy* ; Bioactive Peptides, Dietary

Human naïve pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) hold great promise for embryonic development studies. Existing induction and culture strategies for these cells, heavily dependent on MEK inhibitors, lead to widespread DNA hypomethylation, aberrant imprinting loss, and genomic instability during extended culture. Here, employing high-content analysis alongside a bifluorescence reporter system indicative of human naïve pluripotency, we screened over 1,600 chemicals and identified seven promising candidates. From these, we developed four optimized media-LAY, LADY, LUDY, and LKPY-that effectively induce and sustain PSCs in the naïve state. Notably, cells reset or cultured in these media, especially in the LAY system, demonstrate improved genome-wide DNA methylation status closely resembling that of pre-implantation counterparts, with partially restored imprinting and significantly enhanced genomic stability. Overall, our study contributes advancements to naïve pluripotency induction and long-term maintenance, providing insights for further applications of naïve PSCs.
Humans ; DNA Methylation/drug effects* ; Genomic Instability ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Cell Culture Techniques/methods* ; Cells, Cultured

Objective:To investigate the relationship between parent-child relationship and depression from a parent-adolescent dyadic perspective, as well as the mediating effect of self-compassion in their relationship.Methods:In May 2023, a total of 210 pairs of adolescents and their parents from two middle schools in Weifang, Shandong were tested with parent-child closeness scale (PCCS), self-compassion scale short form (SCSSF) and patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9). Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were performed using SPSS 25.0 software. Mplus 8.3 software was used to test the mediating effect of self-compassion between parent-child relationship and depression by constructing actor-partner interdependence model and actor-partner interdependence mediation model.Results:(1) Adolescents' parent-child relationship (34.81±7.07) was positively correlated with adolescents' self-compassion (43.55±7.66), parental parent-child relationship (36.89±5.92), and parental self-compassion (44.30±6.41) ( r=0.427, 0.215, 0.178, all P<0.01), while negatively correlated with adolescents' depression (12.15±4.37) ( r=-0.375, P<0.05) and parental depression (11.87±4.07) ( r=-0.166, P<0.05). Adolescents' self-compassion was positively correlated with parental parent-child relationship and parental self-compassion ( r=0.179, 0.276, both P<0.01), while negatively correlated with adolescents' depression and parental depression ( r=-0.515, -0.194, both P<0.01). Adolescents' depression was negatively correlated with parental self-compassion ( r=-0.227, P<0.01), while positively correlated with parental depression ( r=0.147, P<0.05). Parental parent-child relationship was positively correlated with adolescents' self-compassion ( r=0.583, P<0.01). Parental depression was negatively correlated with parental parent-child relationship and parental self-compassion ( r=-0.342, -0.377, both P<0.01). (2)Actor-partner interdependence analysis between parent-child relationship and depression showed that adolescents' and parental parent-child relationship negatively predicted their own depression ( β=-0.396, -0.395, both P<0.001), and the actor effects were significant. Both adolescents' and parental parent-child relationship negatively predicted each other's depression ( β=-0.211, -0.223, both P<0.01), and the partner effects were significant. (3)The actor-partner interdependence mediating analysis of self-compassion between parent-child relationship and depression showed that self-compassion played a mediating effect between parent-child relationship and depression in both adolescents and their parents (effect value=-0.190, -0.052, -0.256, -0.019), accounting for 49.48% (-0.190/-0.384), 13.54% (-0.052/-0.384), 61.54% (-0.256/-0.416) and 4.57% (-0.019/-0.416) of the total effect, respectively, which indicated that the actor mediating effects of adolescents and their parents were both significant. Adolescents' and parental self-compassion played mediating effects between adolescents' parent-child relationship and parental depression (effect value=-0.072, -0.067), accounting for 35.29% (-0.072/-0.204) and 32.84% (-0.067/-0.204) of the total effect. Similarly, adolescents' and parental self-compassion played mediating effects between parental parent-child relationship and adolescents' depression (effect value=-0.050, -0.200), accounting for 17.48% (-0.050/-0.286) and 69.93% (-0.200/-0.286) of the total effect, which indicated significant partner mediating effects were both significant. Conclusion:The parent-child relationship of both adolescents and their parents can not only directly influence the depression levels of both parties, but can also indirectly influence depression through the self-compassion of both the adolescents and their parents.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between parent-child relationship and depression from a parent-adolescent dyadic perspective, as well as the mediating effect of self-compassion in their relationship.Methods:In May 2023, a total of 210 pairs of adolescents and their parents from two middle schools in Weifang, Shandong were tested with parent-child closeness scale (PCCS), self-compassion scale short form (SCSSF) and patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9). Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were performed using SPSS 25.0 software. Mplus 8.3 software was used to test the mediating effect of self-compassion between parent-child relationship and depression by constructing actor-partner interdependence model and actor-partner interdependence mediation model.Results:(1) Adolescents' parent-child relationship (34.81±7.07) was positively correlated with adolescents' self-compassion (43.55±7.66), parental parent-child relationship (36.89±5.92), and parental self-compassion (44.30±6.41) ( r=0.427, 0.215, 0.178, all P<0.01), while negatively correlated with adolescents' depression (12.15±4.37) ( r=-0.375, P<0.05) and parental depression (11.87±4.07) ( r=-0.166, P<0.05). Adolescents' self-compassion was positively correlated with parental parent-child relationship and parental self-compassion ( r=0.179, 0.276, both P<0.01), while negatively correlated with adolescents' depression and parental depression ( r=-0.515, -0.194, both P<0.01). Adolescents' depression was negatively correlated with parental self-compassion ( r=-0.227, P<0.01), while positively correlated with parental depression ( r=0.147, P<0.05). Parental parent-child relationship was positively correlated with adolescents' self-compassion ( r=0.583, P<0.01). Parental depression was negatively correlated with parental parent-child relationship and parental self-compassion ( r=-0.342, -0.377, both P<0.01). (2)Actor-partner interdependence analysis between parent-child relationship and depression showed that adolescents' and parental parent-child relationship negatively predicted their own depression ( β=-0.396, -0.395, both P<0.001), and the actor effects were significant. Both adolescents' and parental parent-child relationship negatively predicted each other's depression ( β=-0.211, -0.223, both P<0.01), and the partner effects were significant. (3)The actor-partner interdependence mediating analysis of self-compassion between parent-child relationship and depression showed that self-compassion played a mediating effect between parent-child relationship and depression in both adolescents and their parents (effect value=-0.190, -0.052, -0.256, -0.019), accounting for 49.48% (-0.190/-0.384), 13.54% (-0.052/-0.384), 61.54% (-0.256/-0.416) and 4.57% (-0.019/-0.416) of the total effect, respectively, which indicated that the actor mediating effects of adolescents and their parents were both significant. Adolescents' and parental self-compassion played mediating effects between adolescents' parent-child relationship and parental depression (effect value=-0.072, -0.067), accounting for 35.29% (-0.072/-0.204) and 32.84% (-0.067/-0.204) of the total effect. Similarly, adolescents' and parental self-compassion played mediating effects between parental parent-child relationship and adolescents' depression (effect value=-0.050, -0.200), accounting for 17.48% (-0.050/-0.286) and 69.93% (-0.200/-0.286) of the total effect, which indicated significant partner mediating effects were both significant. Conclusion:The parent-child relationship of both adolescents and their parents can not only directly influence the depression levels of both parties, but can also indirectly influence depression through the self-compassion of both the adolescents and their parents.

Objective Developing a new type of full-face respiratory protective mask for nuclear facility sites to enhance the sound transmission function and improve the facial adaptability. Methods Combined with feedback from on-site practical needs, this study utilized finite element simulation and ergonomic design methods to investigate the voice transmission units of full-face masks and the facial features of workers at key nuclear facilities. Based on the research results, a new full-face respiratory protection mask structure was designed. Results The optimized structure of passive thin film voice transmission unit significantly enhanced voice transmission efficiency, reducing average voice transmission loss by approximately 70% compared to the control group using thin plate units of equivalent thickness. The existing facial feature test panels insufficiently cover and unevenly classify the facial features of workers at key nuclear facilities. In this study, a specialized test panel based on measurement data achieved a total coverage of 98.5% with high distribution uniformity within each class, providing effective guidance for redesigning full-face mask structural parameters. In comparison to foreign products currently utilized in nuclear facilities, the newly designed full-face mask structure exhibited excellent tightness and structural safety and reliability, and can be cleaned, decontaminated, and reused. Conclusion The results of this study provide significant guidance for improving and optimizing full-face respiratory protection mask used at nuclear facilities, as well as promoting domestic production of high-quality full-face respiratory protection masks.

Tumor-associated macrophage(TAM)play a crucial role in the immune microenvironment of lung can-cer.Through changes in their phenotype and phagocytic functions,TAM contribute to the initiation and progression of lung cancer.By promoting the formation of an immune-suppressive microenvironment and accelerating the growth of abnormal tumor vasculature,TAM facilitate the invasion and metastasis of lung cancer.Macrophages can polarize into different subtypes with distinct functions and characteristics in response to various stimuli,categorized as anti-tumor M1 and pro-tumor M2 types.In tumor tissues,TAM typically polarize into the alternatively activated M2 phenotype,exhibiting inhibitory effects on tumor immunity.This article reviews the role of anti-angiogenic drugs in modulating TAM phenotypes,highlighting their po-tential to reprogram M2-type TAM into an anti-tumor M1 phenotype.Additionally,the functional alterations of TAM play a significant role in anti-angiogenic therapy and immunotherapy strategies.In summary,the regulation of TAM polarization and function opens up new avenues for lung cancer treatment and may serve as a novel target for modulating the immune microen-vironment of tumors.