Background Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants that pose potential health risks to humans. Infants and young children have higher requirements for food safety due to the underdeveloped detoxification and immune systems. Therefore, developing a comprehensive method for determination of PFASs and their novel alternatives in infant complementary food is of great significance. Objective To develop an analytical method using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry technology for determination of 55 PFASs in plant- and animal-derived infant complementary fruit purees. Methods Oasis WAX (200 mg, 6 CC) solid-phase extraction columns were used for sample enrichment and purification. The pH of the acetonitrile extract was adjusted using 0%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% formic acid aqueous solutions to evaluate its impact on the recovery rate of target compounds. Additionally, the impact of a 2 mL methanol wash during the purification process on the recovery of target compounds was assessed to determine the optimal pretreatment conditions. Three types of chromatographic columns—Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C₁₈, Thermo InfinityLab Poroshell 120 Aq-C₁₈, Acquity Waters BEH-C₁₈, and changes in mobile phase, were compared for their effects on retention time, peak shape, and response of target compounds. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, linear range, detection limit, and precision. The established method was applied to 49 commercial samples of infant complementary fruit purees. Results Adjusting the sample pH using 1.5% formic acid water and incorporating a 2 mL methanol wash during purification achieved satisfactory recovery rates. The target compounds were chromatographically separated using an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C₁₈ column with a gradient elution system. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-water (methanol/water: 2/98, v/v) containing 5 mmol·L⁻¹ ammonium formate as mobile phase A, and methanol as mobile phase B. Good separation was achieved within 15 min, resulting in optimal chromatographic peak shapes. The 55 target compounds exhibited good linearity across the standard curve range, with correlation coefficients (R²) greater than 0.99. The method detection limits ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 µg·L⁻¹. In the plant- and animal-based fruit puree samples, the spiked recovery rates ranged from 60% to 112% and 57% to 119%, respectively, with relative standard deviations (RSD) ≤ 30%. A total of 9 traditional PFASs and 5 novel PFASs were positive in 49 samples of infant complementary fruit purees. Conclusion This method enables comprehensive detection of 55 traditional and emerging PFASs, offering wide coverage, high accuracy, and excellent sensitivity. It provides technical support for characterizing contamination by traditional and emerging PFASs in food matrices.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression level of lysophosphatidyllecithin acyltransferase 4 （LPCAT4） in pancreatic cancer and its effect on the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. MethodsIn this study， the differentially expressed genes of patients with KRAS mutant and wild-type pancreatic cancer were analyzed by online database LinkedOmics. The LPCAT4 expression in pancreatic cancer tissues was analyzed online by the University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Data Analysis （UALCAN）， Sangerbox and gene expression profile interaction analysis 2 （GEPIA2）. Kaplan-Meier Plotter database was used to explore the correlation between LPCAT4 and the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. The expression of LPCAT4 in human pancreatic cancer cells were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. LPCAT4 was knocked down in the high-expressing SW1990 cell line and overexpressed in the low-expressing MIA PaCa-2 cell line. The effects of LPCAT4 expression on cell proliferation were assessed using CCK-8 and EdU assays. STRING and GEPIA2 databases were used to obtain LPCAT4 binding and coexpressed genes in tumors， which were then analyzed by GO and KEGG. ResultsAnalysis of the LinkedOmics online database revealed a significant upregulation of LPCAT4 in patients with KRAS mutant pancreatic cancer compared to patients with KRAS wild-type pancreatic cancer. The online analysis of GEPIA2， UALCAN and Sangerbox 3.0 showed that the expression of LPCAT4 was higher in pancreatic cancer than in normal tissues. Analysis of the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database revealed that high LPCAT4 expression was associated with poorer prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients.Western blot and qPCR results showed that expression of LPCAT4 in pancreatic cancer cell lines was significantly higher than in normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. Knockdown of LPCAT4 in SW1990 cells inhibited proliferation， while overexpression in MIA PaCa-2 cells promoted proliferation. Enrichment analysis indicated that LPCAT4 was closely related to sulfur metabolism. ConclusionsLPCAT4 is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer and is associated with poor prognosis of patients. It plays a significant regulatory role in the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells， with its expression level closely correlated with cell proliferation capacity. These findings reveal the critical role of LPCAT4 in the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer and provide important evidence for its potential as a therapeutic target.

Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor that originates in the cervix of the uterus,which is the most common malignant tumor in the female reproductive tract.In recent years,with the deepe-ning understanding of tumor mechanisms,key regulatory factors in tumor formation and metastasis sig-naling pathways have been identified.Among these,the metastasis-associated gene(MTA)family re-presents a newly discovered group of genes associated with tumor progression.Studies have demon-strated that the MTA family is closely related to the development of gynecological malignancies;how-ever,research specifically addressing its association with cervical cancer remains limited.This review aimed to elucidate the relationship between the MTA family and cervical cancer,to clarify their roles in the initiation and progression of the disease,thereby providing new roles for the prevention,diag-nosis,prognosis,and treatment of cervical cancer.

Objective To observe the effects of the traditional Chinese medicine Qingfeihuayutongfu prescription on oxygenation index,respiratory mechanics,inflammatory markers,and immune function in mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted.Sixty-eight patients with sepsis-associated ARDS,who met the TCM syndrome pattern of lung-heat transferring to intestines syndrome,admitted to the department of intensive care unit(ICU)of the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine between January 2023 and January 2024,were enrolled as study subjects.Patients were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group using a random number table,with 34 patients in each group.Four patients dropped out from each group,resulting in 30 patients being analyzed in each group.Both groups received conventional Western medical treatment after admission.The experimental group additionally received Qingfeihuayutongfu prescription[composition:Scutellaria baicalensis 10 g,Mori Cortex 10 g,Descurainiae Semen 15 g,Trichosanthis Fructus 10 g,Lumbricus 10 g,Persicae Semen 10 g,Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix 10 g,Curcumae Rhizoma 6 g,Rheum palmatum 3 g(decocted later),Aurantii Fructus Immaturus 10 g,Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 10 g,Glycyrrhizae Radix praeparata 3 g].The decoction was concentrated to 100 mL per bag.One dose was administered daily,divided into 2 nasogastric feedings.The control group received an equivalent volume of warm water twice daily via nasogastric tube in addition to conventional Western treatment.Treatment continued for 7 days in both groups.Differences in oxygenation index,respiratory mechanics parameters,inflammatory cytokines,and immune cell levels before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.Results Prior to treatment,no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in oxygenation index,respiratory mechanics parameters,levels of inflammatory cytokines or immune cell counts.Following treatment,both groups exhibited a significant increase in oxygenation index and natural killer cell(NK cell),alongside significant decreases in plateau pressure(Pplat),driving pressure(ΔP),hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),procalcitonin(PCT),interleukins(IL-6,IL-8,IL-1β),tumour necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and CD4+/CD8+ratio compared to baseline.Post-treatment comparison between groups revealed that the experimental group had a significantly higher oxygenation index and NK cell than the control group[oxygenation index(mmHg,1 mmHg≈0.133 kPa):331.32±90.89 vs.238.64±83.26,NK cell:0.20(0.12,0.25)vs.0.10(0.08,0.19),both P<0.05].Conversely,the experimental group demonstrated significantly lower values than the control group for Pplat,ΔP,hs-CRP,PCT,IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α,CD4+/CD8+[Pplat(cmH2O,1 cmH2O≈0.098 kPa):16(15,19)vs.22(19,24),ΔP(cmH2O):11±2 vs.14±3,hs-CRP(mg/L):21.32(11.63,31.84)vs.41.36(17.41,89.02),PCT(μg/L):0.13(0.08,0.21)vs.0.45(0.14,1.35),IL-6(ng/L):16.25(10.72,49.96)vs.66.70(25.82,195.64),IL-8(ng/L):5.48(0.84,12.60)vs.26.23(23.10,50.16),TNF-α(ng/L):0.77(0.72,1.20)vs.1.10(0.92,1.48),CD4+/CD8+:1.76(1.43,2.00)vs.2.12(1.77,4.03),all P<0.05].Conclusion The Qingfeihuayutongfu prescription can effectively improves the oxygenation index,reduces Pplat and ΔP,mitigates inflammation,and modulates immune function in mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis-associated ARDS.

Purpose To investigate the changes in quadriceps femoris microcirculatory perfusion level after low-load blood flow restriction training and its relationship with muscle strength.Materials and Methods Twenty-five healthy subjects were prospectively recruited in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from September to November 2022.A 200 mmHg pressure cuff was applied at the root of the left thigh for blood flow restriction,and the subjects completed regular knee extension training within 4 weeks.Before the first training session and within 24 hours after the last training session,all subjects underwent scanning with the 3.0T MRI intravoxel incoherent motion sequence and the multi-echo steady-state acquisition three-dimentional imaging sequence.After image post-processing,the quadriceps femoris cross-sectional area,perfusion fraction and pseudo-diffusion coefficient were obtained,and the peak torque was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer.The MRI and muscle strength test parameters before and after training were compared,and correlation analyses were performed between the change of peak torque and the change of perfusion fraction,cross-sectional area,and pseudo-diffusion coefficient respectively.Results After low-load blood flow restriction training,the cross-sectional area of the left quadriceps femoris in subjects increased(t=-4.515,P<0.05).Among its components,the cross-sectional area of the left rectus femoris,vastus intermedius and vastus lateralis all increased(t=-3.302,-2.877,-3.207,all P<0.05).The perfusion fraction value of the left quadriceps femoris increased(t=-5.447,P<0.05);the perfusion fraction values of the left rectus femoris,vastus intermedius,vastus lateralis and vastus medialis all increased(t=-5.723,-4.621,-3.767,-4.682,all P<0.05);the muscle strength of the left quadriceps femoris increased(t=-3.983,P<0.05).There was a highly positive correlation between change of perfusion fraction and peak torque of the left quadriceps femoris in subjects(r=0.708,P<0.05).Conclusion After low-load blood flow restriction training,the changes in quadriceps femoris muscle microperfusion quantified by intravoxel incoherent motion are related to muscle strength,which is helpful for formulating rehabilitation training strategies for young patients.

Purpose To investigate the changes in quadriceps femoris microcirculatory perfusion level after low-load blood flow restriction training and its relationship with muscle strength.Materials and Methods Twenty-five healthy subjects were prospectively recruited in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from September to November 2022.A 200 mmHg pressure cuff was applied at the root of the left thigh for blood flow restriction,and the subjects completed regular knee extension training within 4 weeks.Before the first training session and within 24 hours after the last training session,all subjects underwent scanning with the 3.0T MRI intravoxel incoherent motion sequence and the multi-echo steady-state acquisition three-dimentional imaging sequence.After image post-processing,the quadriceps femoris cross-sectional area,perfusion fraction and pseudo-diffusion coefficient were obtained,and the peak torque was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer.The MRI and muscle strength test parameters before and after training were compared,and correlation analyses were performed between the change of peak torque and the change of perfusion fraction,cross-sectional area,and pseudo-diffusion coefficient respectively.Results After low-load blood flow restriction training,the cross-sectional area of the left quadriceps femoris in subjects increased(t=-4.515,P<0.05).Among its components,the cross-sectional area of the left rectus femoris,vastus intermedius and vastus lateralis all increased(t=-3.302,-2.877,-3.207,all P<0.05).The perfusion fraction value of the left quadriceps femoris increased(t=-5.447,P<0.05);the perfusion fraction values of the left rectus femoris,vastus intermedius,vastus lateralis and vastus medialis all increased(t=-5.723,-4.621,-3.767,-4.682,all P<0.05);the muscle strength of the left quadriceps femoris increased(t=-3.983,P<0.05).There was a highly positive correlation between change of perfusion fraction and peak torque of the left quadriceps femoris in subjects(r=0.708,P<0.05).Conclusion After low-load blood flow restriction training,the changes in quadriceps femoris muscle microperfusion quantified by intravoxel incoherent motion are related to muscle strength,which is helpful for formulating rehabilitation training strategies for young patients.

Objective To observe the effects of the traditional Chinese medicine Qingfeihuayutongfu prescription on oxygenation index,respiratory mechanics,inflammatory markers,and immune function in mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted.Sixty-eight patients with sepsis-associated ARDS,who met the TCM syndrome pattern of lung-heat transferring to intestines syndrome,admitted to the department of intensive care unit(ICU)of the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine between January 2023 and January 2024,were enrolled as study subjects.Patients were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group using a random number table,with 34 patients in each group.Four patients dropped out from each group,resulting in 30 patients being analyzed in each group.Both groups received conventional Western medical treatment after admission.The experimental group additionally received Qingfeihuayutongfu prescription[composition:Scutellaria baicalensis 10 g,Mori Cortex 10 g,Descurainiae Semen 15 g,Trichosanthis Fructus 10 g,Lumbricus 10 g,Persicae Semen 10 g,Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix 10 g,Curcumae Rhizoma 6 g,Rheum palmatum 3 g(decocted later),Aurantii Fructus Immaturus 10 g,Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 10 g,Glycyrrhizae Radix praeparata 3 g].The decoction was concentrated to 100 mL per bag.One dose was administered daily,divided into 2 nasogastric feedings.The control group received an equivalent volume of warm water twice daily via nasogastric tube in addition to conventional Western treatment.Treatment continued for 7 days in both groups.Differences in oxygenation index,respiratory mechanics parameters,inflammatory cytokines,and immune cell levels before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.Results Prior to treatment,no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in oxygenation index,respiratory mechanics parameters,levels of inflammatory cytokines or immune cell counts.Following treatment,both groups exhibited a significant increase in oxygenation index and natural killer cell(NK cell),alongside significant decreases in plateau pressure(Pplat),driving pressure(ΔP),hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),procalcitonin(PCT),interleukins(IL-6,IL-8,IL-1β),tumour necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and CD4+/CD8+ratio compared to baseline.Post-treatment comparison between groups revealed that the experimental group had a significantly higher oxygenation index and NK cell than the control group[oxygenation index(mmHg,1 mmHg≈0.133 kPa):331.32±90.89 vs.238.64±83.26,NK cell:0.20(0.12,0.25)vs.0.10(0.08,0.19),both P<0.05].Conversely,the experimental group demonstrated significantly lower values than the control group for Pplat,ΔP,hs-CRP,PCT,IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α,CD4+/CD8+[Pplat(cmH2O,1 cmH2O≈0.098 kPa):16(15,19)vs.22(19,24),ΔP(cmH2O):11±2 vs.14±3,hs-CRP(mg/L):21.32(11.63,31.84)vs.41.36(17.41,89.02),PCT(μg/L):0.13(0.08,0.21)vs.0.45(0.14,1.35),IL-6(ng/L):16.25(10.72,49.96)vs.66.70(25.82,195.64),IL-8(ng/L):5.48(0.84,12.60)vs.26.23(23.10,50.16),TNF-α(ng/L):0.77(0.72,1.20)vs.1.10(0.92,1.48),CD4+/CD8+:1.76(1.43,2.00)vs.2.12(1.77,4.03),all P<0.05].Conclusion The Qingfeihuayutongfu prescription can effectively improves the oxygenation index,reduces Pplat and ΔP,mitigates inflammation,and modulates immune function in mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis-associated ARDS.

Nasal drug delivery efficiency is highly dependent on the position in which the drug is deposited in the nasal cavity. However, no reliable method is currently available to assess its impact on delivery performance. In this study, a biomimetic nasal model based on three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology was developed for visualizing the deposition of drug powders in the nasal cavity. The results showed significant differences in cavity area and volume and powder distribution in the anterior part of the biomimetic nasal model of Chinese males and females. The nasal cavity model was modified with dimethicone and validated to be suitable for the deposition test. The experimental device produced the most satisfactory results with five spray times. Furthermore, particle sizes and spray angles were found to significantly affect the experimental device's performance and alter drug distribution, respectively. Additionally, mometasone furoate (MF) nasal spray (NS) distribution patterns were investigated in a goat nasal cavity model and three male goat noses, confirming the in vitro and in vivo correlation. In conclusion, the developed human nasal structure biomimetic device has the potential to be a valuable tool for assessing nasal drug delivery system deposition and distribution.

  Objective  To investigate the occurrence of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) among patients with preoperative COVID-19, and further analyze the risk factors for CPSP.  Methods  This study was a ambispective cohort study, with subjects from a completed cohort study with follow-up. We included the clinical data of the patients with preoperative COVID-19 who underwent surgery at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from December 1, 2022 to February 28, 2023. Follow-up was conducted up to 6 months postoperatively, with the primary outcome being CPSP. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between COVID-19-related exposure indicators and CPSP.  Results  A total of 4117 surgical patients were included, all of whom had preoperative COVID-19. Among them, 4002 cases had mild symptoms during the acute phase, 62 cases had severe symptoms, and 53 cases were critically ill. At 6th month postoperatively, 1298 cases (31.53%) had long COVID-19 syndrome, and the incidence of CPSP was 5.59% (95% CI: 4.88%-6.28%). After adjusting for confounding factors including age, gender, comorbidities, anesthesia method, and type of surgery, multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that critically ill COVID-19 during the acute phase (aOR=3.35, 95% CI: 1.48-7.62, P < 0.001) and presence of long COVID-19 syndrome postoperatively (aOR=2.50, 95% CI: 1.90-3.29, P < 0.001) were associated with CPSP.  Conclusions  It is clear for the first time that critically ill COVID-19 during the acute phase and the presence of long COVID-19 syndrome postoperatively are the risk factors for CPSP among patients with preoperative COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the metabolites of Zhideke granules and speculate its metabolic pathway in rats in vivo. METHODS Male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group and administration group （Zhideke granules， 9.45 g/kg）； they were given ultrapure water or relevant medicine， twice a day， every 6-8 h， for 3 consecutive days. Serum， urine and feces samples of rats were collected， and their metabolites were identified by UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS technique after intragastric administration of Zhideke granules； their metabolic pathways were speculated. RESULTS After intragastric administration of Zhideke granules， 16 prototype components （i.g. irisflorentin， baicalin， chlorogenic acid） and 11 metabolites （i.g. hydration products of kaempferol or luteolin， methylation products of chlorogenic acid， and hydroxylation products of baicalin） were identified in serum， urine and feces of rats. Among them， 8 prototype components and 4 metabolites were identified in serum samples； 10 prototype components and 7 metabolites were identified in urine samples； 8 prototype components and 5 metabolites were identified in the fecal samples. CONCLUSIONS The metabolites of Zhideke granules in rats mainly include baicalin， irisflorentin，chlorogenic acid， and the main metabolic pathways included methylation， hydroxylation， glucuronidation.