Background Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants that pose potential health risks to humans. Infants and young children have higher requirements for food safety due to the underdeveloped detoxification and immune systems. Therefore, developing a comprehensive method for determination of PFASs and their novel alternatives in infant complementary food is of great significance. Objective To develop an analytical method using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry technology for determination of 55 PFASs in plant- and animal-derived infant complementary fruit purees. Methods Oasis WAX (200 mg, 6 CC) solid-phase extraction columns were used for sample enrichment and purification. The pH of the acetonitrile extract was adjusted using 0%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% formic acid aqueous solutions to evaluate its impact on the recovery rate of target compounds. Additionally, the impact of a 2 mL methanol wash during the purification process on the recovery of target compounds was assessed to determine the optimal pretreatment conditions. Three types of chromatographic columns—Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C₁₈, Thermo InfinityLab Poroshell 120 Aq-C₁₈, Acquity Waters BEH-C₁₈, and changes in mobile phase, were compared for their effects on retention time, peak shape, and response of target compounds. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, linear range, detection limit, and precision. The established method was applied to 49 commercial samples of infant complementary fruit purees. Results Adjusting the sample pH using 1.5% formic acid water and incorporating a 2 mL methanol wash during purification achieved satisfactory recovery rates. The target compounds were chromatographically separated using an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C₁₈ column with a gradient elution system. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-water (methanol/water: 2/98, v/v) containing 5 mmol·L⁻¹ ammonium formate as mobile phase A, and methanol as mobile phase B. Good separation was achieved within 15 min, resulting in optimal chromatographic peak shapes. The 55 target compounds exhibited good linearity across the standard curve range, with correlation coefficients (R²) greater than 0.99. The method detection limits ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 µg·L⁻¹. In the plant- and animal-based fruit puree samples, the spiked recovery rates ranged from 60% to 112% and 57% to 119%, respectively, with relative standard deviations (RSD) ≤ 30%. A total of 9 traditional PFASs and 5 novel PFASs were positive in 49 samples of infant complementary fruit purees. Conclusion This method enables comprehensive detection of 55 traditional and emerging PFASs, offering wide coverage, high accuracy, and excellent sensitivity. It provides technical support for characterizing contamination by traditional and emerging PFASs in food matrices.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression level of lysophosphatidyllecithin acyltransferase 4 （LPCAT4） in pancreatic cancer and its effect on the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. MethodsIn this study， the differentially expressed genes of patients with KRAS mutant and wild-type pancreatic cancer were analyzed by online database LinkedOmics. The LPCAT4 expression in pancreatic cancer tissues was analyzed online by the University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Data Analysis （UALCAN）， Sangerbox and gene expression profile interaction analysis 2 （GEPIA2）. Kaplan-Meier Plotter database was used to explore the correlation between LPCAT4 and the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. The expression of LPCAT4 in human pancreatic cancer cells were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. LPCAT4 was knocked down in the high-expressing SW1990 cell line and overexpressed in the low-expressing MIA PaCa-2 cell line. The effects of LPCAT4 expression on cell proliferation were assessed using CCK-8 and EdU assays. STRING and GEPIA2 databases were used to obtain LPCAT4 binding and coexpressed genes in tumors， which were then analyzed by GO and KEGG. ResultsAnalysis of the LinkedOmics online database revealed a significant upregulation of LPCAT4 in patients with KRAS mutant pancreatic cancer compared to patients with KRAS wild-type pancreatic cancer. The online analysis of GEPIA2， UALCAN and Sangerbox 3.0 showed that the expression of LPCAT4 was higher in pancreatic cancer than in normal tissues. Analysis of the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database revealed that high LPCAT4 expression was associated with poorer prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients.Western blot and qPCR results showed that expression of LPCAT4 in pancreatic cancer cell lines was significantly higher than in normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. Knockdown of LPCAT4 in SW1990 cells inhibited proliferation， while overexpression in MIA PaCa-2 cells promoted proliferation. Enrichment analysis indicated that LPCAT4 was closely related to sulfur metabolism. ConclusionsLPCAT4 is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer and is associated with poor prognosis of patients. It plays a significant regulatory role in the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells， with its expression level closely correlated with cell proliferation capacity. These findings reveal the critical role of LPCAT4 in the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer and provide important evidence for its potential as a therapeutic target.

Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor that originates in the cervix of the uterus,which is the most common malignant tumor in the female reproductive tract.In recent years,with the deepe-ning understanding of tumor mechanisms,key regulatory factors in tumor formation and metastasis sig-naling pathways have been identified.Among these,the metastasis-associated gene(MTA)family re-presents a newly discovered group of genes associated with tumor progression.Studies have demon-strated that the MTA family is closely related to the development of gynecological malignancies;how-ever,research specifically addressing its association with cervical cancer remains limited.This review aimed to elucidate the relationship between the MTA family and cervical cancer,to clarify their roles in the initiation and progression of the disease,thereby providing new roles for the prevention,diag-nosis,prognosis,and treatment of cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the metabolites of Zhideke granules and speculate its metabolic pathway in rats in vivo. METHODS Male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group and administration group （Zhideke granules， 9.45 g/kg）； they were given ultrapure water or relevant medicine， twice a day， every 6-8 h， for 3 consecutive days. Serum， urine and feces samples of rats were collected， and their metabolites were identified by UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS technique after intragastric administration of Zhideke granules； their metabolic pathways were speculated. RESULTS After intragastric administration of Zhideke granules， 16 prototype components （i.g. irisflorentin， baicalin， chlorogenic acid） and 11 metabolites （i.g. hydration products of kaempferol or luteolin， methylation products of chlorogenic acid， and hydroxylation products of baicalin） were identified in serum， urine and feces of rats. Among them， 8 prototype components and 4 metabolites were identified in serum samples； 10 prototype components and 7 metabolites were identified in urine samples； 8 prototype components and 5 metabolites were identified in the fecal samples. CONCLUSIONS The metabolites of Zhideke granules in rats mainly include baicalin， irisflorentin，chlorogenic acid， and the main metabolic pathways included methylation， hydroxylation， glucuronidation.

Nasal drug delivery efficiency is highly dependent on the position in which the drug is deposited in the nasal cavity. However, no reliable method is currently available to assess its impact on delivery performance. In this study, a biomimetic nasal model based on three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology was developed for visualizing the deposition of drug powders in the nasal cavity. The results showed significant differences in cavity area and volume and powder distribution in the anterior part of the biomimetic nasal model of Chinese males and females. The nasal cavity model was modified with dimethicone and validated to be suitable for the deposition test. The experimental device produced the most satisfactory results with five spray times. Furthermore, particle sizes and spray angles were found to significantly affect the experimental device's performance and alter drug distribution, respectively. Additionally, mometasone furoate (MF) nasal spray (NS) distribution patterns were investigated in a goat nasal cavity model and three male goat noses, confirming the in vitro and in vivo correlation. In conclusion, the developed human nasal structure biomimetic device has the potential to be a valuable tool for assessing nasal drug delivery system deposition and distribution.

Lung cancer is the fastest-growing cancer type in terms of incidence and mortality worldwide， posing a huge threat to the health and life of the population. Radiation therapy is one of the main methods for treating lung cancer， and there is a clear dose-effect relationship between the radiation dose and local control rate of lung cancer. However， the lung is a radiation dose-limiting organ， and the radiation resistance of lung cancer tissues and the radiation damage to normal tissues limit the radiation efficacy for lung cancer. The pathogenesis of lung cancer in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is characterized by an initial deficiency in vital Qi， followed by the internal invasion and gradual accumulation of pathogenic Qi. After radiation therapy for lung cancer， the body's vital Qi becomes weaker， and syndromes of phlegm coagulation， Qi stagnation， and static blood blocking collaterals become more severe， leading to radiation resistance of lung cancer tissues. Therefore， the key issue to better clinical efficacy of radiation therapy for lung cancer patients is to use drugs to enhance the radiation sensitivity of lung cancer cells and improve the radiation tolerance of normal lung tissues. TCM can be used as a radiation sensitizer by regulating the cell cycle to increase the proportion of cells in the radiation-sensitive phase， promoting upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes and downregulation of anti-apoptotic genes to induce cell apoptosis， enhancing DNA damage caused by radiation and inhibiting damage repair， improving blood circulation and tissue oxygen supply， and so on， to enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiation and amplify the toxicity of radiation to tumor tissues. TCM can also be used as a radiation protector by inhibiting cell damage， regulating cytokines and immune balance， reducing the release of inflammatory and fibrotic factors， and inhibiting the activation of related signaling pathways to prevent and treat radiation-induced lung injury. This article systematically reviewed the research results of TCM on radiation sensitization and radiation protection in lung cancer in recent years， aiming to elucidate the mechanism of TCM in regulating the effect of radiation therapy for lung cancer and provide more theoretical and practical basis for TCM to participate in improving the prognosis of lung cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy.

Objective : To explore the mechanism of hippocampal corticotropin-releasing hormone ( CRH) receptor type 1 ( CRHR1 ) in chronic stress-induced learning and memory impairment in early aged mice． Methods: C57BL /6J mice aged 12 －14 months were divided into two groups according to gender，and then divided into wild type (WT) group and hippocampal CRHR1 conditional gene knockout (KN) group according to genotype．Mice in each group were randomly divided into control group and stress group，and the stress group was subjected to chronic unpredictable stress ( CUS ) for 30 days． Genotyping of mice was performed using polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) ，agarose gel electrophoresis and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) ．The new object rec- ognition experiment and Morris Water maze measured learning and memory ability．Golgi-Cox staining was used to observe damage to hippocampal neuronal dendrites． The protein expressions of target protein of rapamycin (mTOR) ，p-mTOR (Ser2448) ，ribosomal protein S6 kinase ( p70S6K) and p-p70S6K ( Thr389 / Thr412 ) were detected by Western blot．Serum levels of corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH) were measured by ELISA. Results : Compared to mice without chronic stress，the cognitive coefficient of WT stress groups decreased after chron- ic stress，and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0. 05) ，while there was no significant difference in cognitive coefficient of KN stress groups before and after chronic stress．Compared with the WT stress group，the escape latency of the WT control group was shortened (P＜0. 05) ，and the number of crossing the platform and tar- get quadrant increased (P ＜0. 01) ，and there was no significant difference in the KN groups above． Compared with the WT control group，the WT stress group had a significant reduction in the neuronal complexity in the hipp- ocampal CA1，CA3 and DG regions (P ＜0. 05) and significant reductions in the expression of p-mTOR and p- p70S6K in the hippocampus (P＜0. 05) ．There was no significant difference in the expression of p-mTOR between the KN stress group and the KN control group (P＞0. 05) ，except that the expression of p-mTOR in the hippocam- pus of the female group decreased (P＜0. 05) ．In addition，the serum level of CRH in the stress group was higher than that in the control group (P＜0. 01) ． Conclusion Hippocampal CRHR1 regulates learning and memory im- pairment and neuronal dendrite damage in early aged mice induced by chronic stress．The mechanism may be that high levels of CRH induced by chronic stress cannot bind to CRHR1 receptor，thereby enhancing the expression of down-regulated mTOR / p70S6K signaling pathway.

  Objective  To investigate the occurrence of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) among patients with preoperative COVID-19, and further analyze the risk factors for CPSP.  Methods  This study was a ambispective cohort study, with subjects from a completed cohort study with follow-up. We included the clinical data of the patients with preoperative COVID-19 who underwent surgery at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from December 1, 2022 to February 28, 2023. Follow-up was conducted up to 6 months postoperatively, with the primary outcome being CPSP. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between COVID-19-related exposure indicators and CPSP.  Results  A total of 4117 surgical patients were included, all of whom had preoperative COVID-19. Among them, 4002 cases had mild symptoms during the acute phase, 62 cases had severe symptoms, and 53 cases were critically ill. At 6th month postoperatively, 1298 cases (31.53%) had long COVID-19 syndrome, and the incidence of CPSP was 5.59% (95% CI: 4.88%-6.28%). After adjusting for confounding factors including age, gender, comorbidities, anesthesia method, and type of surgery, multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that critically ill COVID-19 during the acute phase (aOR=3.35, 95% CI: 1.48-7.62, P < 0.001) and presence of long COVID-19 syndrome postoperatively (aOR=2.50, 95% CI: 1.90-3.29, P < 0.001) were associated with CPSP.  Conclusions  It is clear for the first time that critically ill COVID-19 during the acute phase and the presence of long COVID-19 syndrome postoperatively are the risk factors for CPSP among patients with preoperative COVID-19.

Objective:Based on the data compilation and analysis of the disease burden of esophageal cancer attributed to alcohol consumption in China over the past three decades(1990-2019),this study aims to explore how to strengthen the formulation and management of public health policies to control the disease burden caused by this disease. Methods:Based on the data from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2019 study database,indicators such as mortality rate and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)were used to assess the disease burden of esophageal cancer attributed to alcohol consumption in China.Joinpoint regression software and the age-period-cohort model were employed to analyze the trends in disease burden and mortality rates over time by age,period,and cohort.Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis was used to predict the mortality rates of esophageal cancer attributed to alcohol consumption in China from 2020 to 2030. Results:From 1990 to 2019,the number of deaths from esophageal cancer attributed to alcohol consumption increased from 33 800 cases to 61 900 cases,while the standardized mortality rate decreased from 3.95 per 100 000 to 3.04 per 100 000.DALYs increased from 934 000 person-years to 1 512 600 person-years,and the DALYs rate decreased from 101.36 per 100 000 to 71.39 per 100 000.In 2019,both the number of deaths and DALYs reached their peak in the age group of 65-69 years with 58 800 deaths and a standardized mortality rate of 6.21 per 100 000 for males,and 3 100 deaths and a standardized mortality rate of 0.31 per 100 000 for females.Both the mortality rates and the DALYs rates increased with age.The Joinpoint regression analysis showed that the average annual percentage change(AAPC)of mortality rates attributed to alcohol consumption-related esophageal cancer was-0.97%[95%confidence interval(CI):-1.2%--0.8%],with an AAPC of-2.32%(95%CI:-2.6%--2.1%)for females and-0.81%(95%CI:-1.0%-0.6%)for males.The age-period-cohort analysis of mortality rates attributed to alcohol consumption-related esophageal cancer showed a net drift of-1.301%(95%CI:-1.577%--1.025%,P＜0.05).It is predicted that the burden of esophageal cancer mortality attributed to alcohol consumption will steadily increase during the period of 2020-2030. Conclusion:Compared to the overall trend of esophageal cancer burden,the burden of esophageal cancer attributed to alcohol consumption is declining at a slower rate.The burden of the disease is higher in the male population than that in females,and higher in the middle-aged and elderly population compared to the younger population.It is expected that in the coming years,the burden of esophageal cancer mortality attributed to alcohol consumption in China will steadily increase,suggesting that while focusing on the intervention for males and the middle-aged and elderly population,relevant departments should also strengthen health education in the entire population,formulate public health policies,and raise awareness of early prevention and risk factors of esophageal cancer among residents.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)on sleep disorder in patients with Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods From July 2021 to July 2023,patients with PD and sleep disorders in the Department of Neurosurgery of the Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province were selected.The enrolled patients were divided into sham stimulation group(n=28)and true stimulation group(tDCS)(n=29)according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.MDS-UPDRS,PDSS and other rating scales were used to evaluate the patients.Before and after tDCS treatment,MS-11 was used for intelligent sleep monitor-ing.The baseline and improvement of sleep disorders in the two groups before and after treatment were analyzed.Results Before tDCS treatment,there was no significant difference in general conditions and scale scores between the two groups(P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in polysomnographic monitoring results between the two groups before treatment(P＞0.05).Compared with pre-treatment,there was no significant difference in sleep monitoring results in the sham stimulation group(P＞0.05),while the sleep duration and sleep efficiency signifi-cantly increased,the nighttime awakening duration,nighttime awakening frequency,MDS-UPDRS-Ⅲ score,and LEDD dose significantly decreased in the true stimulation group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Conclusion Pharmacological treatment combined with tDCS treatment is effective for sleep disorders and motor function in patients with PD,which could increase the sleep duration and sleep efficiency of PD patients with sleep disorders to a certain extent,reduce the nighttime awakening duration and frequency,thereby improving the fatigue symp-toms during the daytime,and improving the efficacy of conventional pharmacological treatment for PD.