OBJECTIVE To explore and establish a full-cycle management model for drug traceability codes that aligns with national policy requirements and the practical needs of healthcare institutions， thereby enhancing the refinement of drug management and the level of medication safety. METHODS A tripartite strategy integrating “hardware deployment， system transformation， and process re-engineering” was adopted. This involved the introduction of intelligent identification devices （personal digital assistant， high-definition industrial reader）， the modification of the hospital information system interface， and the re-engineering of workflows （drug warehousing， dispensing and distribution， drug withdrawal， uploading to the insurance platform） to achieve comprehensive， informatized collection and association of drug traceability codes throughout all stages. RESULTS A full-cycle management model for drug traceability codes was successfully established， realizing the goals of making drugs “traceable to their source， trackable in their distribution， and accountable in their responsibility”. The patient waiting time for medication dispensing before and after the implementation was [3.08（1.67，5.58）] min and [3.28（1.77，5.98）] min， respectively. Among them， the patient waiting time under the pre-preparation mode was [3.60（2.13，6.35）] min and [3.50（2.03，6.30）] min， respectively； the patient waiting time under the real-time mode was [2.05（0.83，4.03）] min and [2.78（1.18，5.38）] min， respectively； the number of dispensing errors was 3， 0， respectively； the staffing of relevant positions had not been increased. CONCLUSIONS The drug traceability code management model constructed from a full-cycle perspective effectively meets national policy requirements. It provides data support for refined hospital management and offers solid technical and procedural safeguards for ensuring patient medication safety and strengthening medical insurance fund supervision， demonstrating practical value.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of paeoniflorin （PF） on neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in the rat model of Alzheimer's disease （AD） and to clarify whether its mechanism is associated with regulation of the Janus kinase 2 （JAK2）/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） signaling pathway. MethodsGlycosides related to AD-associated neuroinflammation were screened through bibliometric analysis， and the potential targets of PF were predicted through network pharmacology and molecular docking. A rat model of AD was established by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose （100 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）. Rats were assigned into a control group， a model group， a PF （200 mg·kg^-1） group， and a donepezil （0.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） group， and drugs were administered by gavage for 21 days. The learning and memory abilities were evaluated by the Morris water maze （MWM）. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Nissl staining were performed to observe hippocampal neuronal morphology. The mRNA levels of inflammatory factors were determined by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， and the protein levels of molecules in the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway were determined by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group showed prolonged escape latency and decreased platform crossings and time spent in the target quadrant （P<0.05， P<0.01）， accompanied by increased expression of interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， as well as elevated ratios of phosphorylated （p）-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the PF group and donepezil group exhibited shortened escape latency and increased platform crossings and time spent in the target quadrant （P<0.05， P<0.01）， decreased expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α， upregulated mRNA levels of interleukin-4 （IL-4） and interleukin-10 （IL-10）， and reduced ratios of p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionPaeoniflorin can alleviate cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation in the rat model of AD by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND:Various proteins,signaling pathways,and inflammatory mediators are involved in the pathophysiological process of osteoarthritis.The development of small molecule drugs targeting these proteins,signaling pathways,and inflammatory mediators can effectively delay the progression of osteoarthritis and ameliorate its clinical manifestations. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of small molecule drugs in the treatment of osteoarthritis based on the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. METHODS:PubMed,CNKI,and WanFang databases were searched with English search terms"osteoarthritis,arthritis,osteoarthrosis,degenerative,arthritides,deformans,small molecule drugs,small molecule inhibitors,small molecule agents"and Chinese search terms"osteoarthritis,small molecule drugs,small molecule inhibitors."A total of 68 articles were included for review according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Currently,studies concerning the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis remain unclear.The occurrence and development of osteoarthritis are strongly associated with proteins,cytokines,and signal transduction pathways,so its therapeutic mechanism is relatively complex.Currently,targeting proteins,cytokines,and signal transduction pathways related to osteoarthritis with small molecule drugs has become a major research focus.(2)Small molecule drugs frequently possess visible intracellular or extracellular targets and efficacy,containing enhancing cartilage repair,resisting joint degradation,attenuating inflammation,and relieving pain.Other anti-osteoarthritis small molecule drugs have shown promise in promoting stem cell chondrogenic differentiation and cartilage matrix reconstruction.(3)At present,small molecule drugs targeting the pathophysiological process of osteoarthritis to delay the progression of osteoarthritis are still in the experimental stage,but most of these small molecule drugs have shown the expected results in the experimental process,and there are no relevant studies to illustrate the efficacy of small molecule drugs in the treatment of osteoarthritis.(4)Small molecule drugs for the treatment of osteoarthritis have reached the expected experimental results in the basic experimental stage.Numerous studies have exhibited that small molecule drugs can target the suppression of specific proteins,cytokines,and signal transduction pathways that cause osteoarthritis,so as to treat osteoarthritis.Nevertheless,its safety and effectiveness still need to be identified by further basic and clinical studies.This process needs to be investigated and studied by more scholars.(5)At present,many scholars in and outside China have made contributions to the treatment of osteoarthritis.Compared with traditional treatment methods,small molecule drugs reveal better efficacy and safety in the basic experimental stage,and it is expected to become an emerging method for the treatment of osteoarthritis in the future to rid patients of pain.

OBJECTIVE To provide technical support for improving recognition rate of adverse drug events （ADEs） related to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） formula granules and decoction pieces among inpatient patients. METHODS By referencing the global trigger tool （GTT） whitepaper， literature on adverse reactions to TCM， and expert review opinions， ADE trigger items for TCM formula granules and decoction pieces used in the inpatients were established. GTT was applied to analyze ADEs in inpatients who had used TCM formula granules and decoction pieces in our hospital from August 2013 to August 2023， utilizing the Chinese Hospital Pharmacovigilance System. The effectiveness of GTT and the characteristics of these ADEs were analyzed. RESULTS A total of forty-eight triggers were established， including thirty-two laboratory test indexes， thirteen clinical symptoms， and three antidotes. Among the 1 682 patients included， GTT identified 652 potential ADEs， 284 true positive ADEs，with a trigger rate of 38.76% and a positive predictive value of 43.56%. After review by the auditor， 278 cases of ADEs were finally confirmed， with an incidence rate of 16.53%， significantly higher than the number of spontaneously reported ADEs during the same period （0）. The 278 cases of ADEs were mostly grade 1 （223 cases）， mainly involving hepatobiliary system， gastrointestinal system， blood- lymphatic system， etc；a total of 219 types of TCMs are involved，and the top five suspected TCMs used at a frequency higher than 1% were Poria cocos， Codonopsis pilosula， Atractylodes macrocephala， fried Glycyrrhiza uralensis， and Scutellaria baicalensis. CONCLUSIONS The established GTT can improve the recognition rate of ADEs for hospitalized patients using traditional Chinese medicine formula granules and decoction pieces.

AIM:To investigate the effect of dyes,Remazol BrOrange yellow(RBY)and erythrosine(ERY),on the outcomes of immunoblotting analysis when used for staining the concentrate gel in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryl-amide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE).METHODS:Polyacrylamide gels were divided into five groups:the control group(prepared according to the conventional kit protocol),the RBY-stained group with a final concentration of 0.08 g/L,the RBY-stained group with a final concentration of 0.16 g/L,the ERY-stained group with a final concentration of 0.08 g/L,and the ERY-stained group with a final concentration of 0.8 g/L.Gels were prepared and subjected to electro-phoresis,followed by coomassie brilliant blue staining to visualize protein bands.Subsequently,proteins were transferred to PVDF membranes,which were then blocked,incubated with primary and secondary antibodies,washed,and finally ex-posed for imaging to observe the target protein vinculin bands.RESULTS:Compared with the unstained concentrate gel,the loading wells of the RBY or ERY pre-stained concentrate gel were more clearly visible.Analysis of the gels stained with coomassie brilliant blue after electrophoresis and marker visualization showed no significant different in protein elec-trophoretic mobility between prestained and unstained gels.Comparative analysis of the immunoblotting also indicated that the detection of protein samples transferred to PVDF membranes was unaffected.CONCLUSION:Prestaining concen-trate gels with RBY or ERY can enhance the efficiency of gel-based electrophoresis and immunoblotting analysis.

BACKGROUND:Recent studies have shown that Du Meridian electroacupuncture has a unique effect on alleviating spinal cord injury,but the underlying mechanisms require further clarification.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the regulatory effects and the associated action mechanisms of Du Meridian electroacupuncture on ferroptosis after cervical spinal cord injury in rats.METHODS:One hundred SD rats were randomly divided into sham,model,Du Meridian electroacupuncture,RSL3,and Du Meridian electroacupuncture+RSL3 groups.The sham group underwent only laminectomy.The other four groups were subjected to cervical spinal cord injury by the Allen method.The Du Meridian electroacupuncture group received electroacupuncture after cervical spinal cord injury.The RSL3 group received intraperitoneal injections of glutathione peroxidase 4 inhibitor RSL3 after cervical spinal cord injury.The Du Meridian electroacupuncture+RSL3 group received both electroacupuncture and RSL3 intervention after cervical spinal cord injury.Samples were collected on postoperative days 7 and 28 to assess motor function,histological morphology,neuronal survival,glial scar formation,oxidative stress levels,Fe2+content,glutathione peroxidase 4,and long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 expression.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Finally,90 rats completed the follow-up experiment,with 18 rats in each group.(2)FLS and BBB scores were significantly higher in the Du Meridian electroacupuncture group compared with the model and Du Meridian electroacupuncture+RSL3 groups(P＜0.05).(3)Compared with the model group,Du Meridian electroacupuncture improved cervical spinal cord tissue morphology and mitochondrial ultrastructure,while these effects were inhibited by RSL3.(4)Du Meridian electroacupuncture increased the expression of microtubule-associated protein 2,glutathione peroxidase 4,glutathione,and superoxide dismutase(P＜0.05)and reduced the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein,long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4,reactive oxygen species,malondialdehyde,and Fe2+compared with the model group(P＜0.05).However,RSL3 reversed the inhibitory effects of Du Meridian electroacupuncture on ferroptosis,lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress.(5)The results suggest that Du Meridian electroacupuncture inhibits ferroptosis by regulating the glutathione peroxidase 4/long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 axis,thereby reducing secondary neuronal damage and glial scar formation after cervical spinal cord injury and improving neurological function.

Objective To observe the effects of tuina of"three methods and three acupoints"on skeletal muscle α-actin,myostatin(MSTN)and atrophy gene 1(Atrogin1)expression of sciatic nerve injury(SNI)rats;To explore the mechanism of tuina therapy on motor dysfunction.Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,sham-operation group,model group and tuina group,with 9 rats in each group.SNI model was established by clamp method in rats of the model group and tuina group.The sciatic nerve was exposed without clamping in rats of the sham-operation group,the blank group was not intervened.7 days after the operation,the intelligent tuina manipulation simulator was used to simulate the point method,dial method and knead method,which were applied to the"Yinmen"(BL37),"Chengshan"(BL57)and"Yanglingquan"(GB34)of rats in the tuina group,once a day,for 20 times.The rats in the sham-operation group and the model group were only grasped and restrained.Rats in the blank group did not receive any intervention.The hind limb muscle strength were evaluated by inclined plate test before modeling,after 10 interventions and 20 interventions.After the intervention,the rats were euthanized.The expressions of α-actin in gastrocnemius muscle tissue were detected by immunofluorescence staining,the expressions of MSTN,Atrogin1 mRNA and protein in gastrocnemius muscle tissue were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results Compared with the blank group and sham-operation group,the model group showed a decrease in hind limb muscle strength(P<0.01),a significant decrease in α-actin expression in gastrocnemius muscle tissue(P<0.01),and a significant increase in MSTN,Atrogen1 mRNA and protein expression(P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the hind limb muscle strength in tuina group significantly increased(P<0.01),the expressions of α-actin significantly increased(P<0.01),and the expressions of MSTN,Atrogin1 mRNA and protein significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion"Three methods and three acupoints"tuina can improve hind limb muscle strength and restore motor function of SNI rats,which is related to the down-regulation of MSTN and Atrogin1 as well as increasing the expression of α-actin in gastrocnemius muscles.

Objective: To investigate the effects of “Three Methods and Three Acupoints” (TMTP) Tuina therapy on spinal microcirculation in sciatic nerve injury (SNI). Methods: Thirty-six Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: normal, sham operation, model, and TMTP Tuina. Successful model induction was confirmed by observable hind limb lameness. After 20 sessions, hind limb grip strength and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) were measured at baseline and following the 10th and 20th intervention. CD31 and α-SMA in the ventral horn of SNI model rats were detected using immunofluorescence. Motor neurons in the ventral horn were detected by Nissl staining. PTEN levels in the ventral horn were measured by ELISA, and PI3K, Akt, BDNF, VEGF, and HIF-1α expression was determined by RT-PCR. Spinal cord microcirculation was evaluated by western blotting analysis of the levels of Akt, p-Akt, BDNF, and VEGF. Results: Hind limb grip strength and MNCV significantly improved in the TMTP Tuina group compared to the model group (both P < .001). Morphology of ventral horn motor neurons in the TMTP Tuina group improved compared to the model group, with increased expressions of α-SMA (P = .002) and CD31 (P = .006). Western blot analysis indicated increased expression of VEGF (P = .005), p-Akt (P < .001), and BDNF (P = .008) in the ventral horn following Tuina treatment. RT-PCR analysis revealed increased expression of PI3K, Akt, BDNF, VEGF and HIF-1α (all P < .05). In contrast, expression of PTEN decreased compared to the model group (P < .001). Conclusion TMTP Tuina therapy may restore motor function in rats, enhance ventral horn motor neuron morphology, and promote angiogenesis and vascular smooth muscle proliferation. The mechanism may involve the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the effect of ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2) on the malignant biological behavior and aerobic glycolysis of gastric cancer cells by regulating cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 1.Methods:Human gastric cancer MKN-45 cells were divided into si-NC group (transfected with blank fragment) , CoCl 2+si-NC group (hypoxia control transfected with blank fragment) , CoCl 2+si-RRM2 group (hypoxia with RRM2 silencing) , CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 NC group (hypoxia with RRM2 silencing and blank vector) and CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group (hypoxia with RRM2 silencing and CDK1 overexpression) . The mRNA relative expression levels of RRM2 and CDK1 were analyzed by real time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) was used to analyze the interaction between RRM2 and CDK1 protein. MTT assay was used to analyze the proliferation activity of cells. The cell migration distance was detected by cell scratch assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glucose kit were used to detect ATP production and glucose consumption. The protein expressions of ENO1, RRM2, HK2, PKM2, GLUT1 and p-CDK1/CDK1 were detected by Western blotting. Results:Real time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription PCR results showed that the relative expression levels of CDK1 mRNA in si-NC group, CoCl 2+si-NC group and CoCl 2+si-RRM2 group were 1.01±0.15, 1.30±0.06 and 0.51±0.18, and the relative expression levels of RRM2 mRNA were 1.03±0.32, 1.59±0.28 and 0.44±0.17, respectively, and there were statistically significant differences ( F=25.52, P=0.001; F=14.47, P=0.005) . The mRNA expressions of RRM2 and CDK1 in CoCl 2+si-NC group were higher than those in si-NC group. Compared with the si-NC group and the CoCl 2+si-NC group, the mRNA expressions of RRM2 and CDK1 were lower in the CoCl 2+si-RRM2 group (all P<0.05) . CoIP results showed that there was interaction between RRM2 and CDK1. MTT assay, cell scratch assay and flow cytometry showed that the cell proliferation activity of si-NC group, CoCl 2+si-NC group, CoCl 2+si-RRM2 group, CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 NC group and CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group were 1.04±0.01, 1.18±0.04, 0.84±0.03, 0.81±0.03 and 0.93±0.05, respectively. The cell migration distances were (301.83±2.75) , (369.67±0.76) , (176.50±6.38) , (175.83±3.69) , (254.17±1.61) μm, respectively. The apoptosis rates were 8.05%±0.21%, 5.75%± 0.20%, 28.28%±0.04%, 30.18%±1.51% and 17.79%±0.22%, respectively, all with statistically significant differences ( F=73.82, P<0.001; F=1 600.01, P<0.001; F=787.15, P<0.001) . Compared with the si-NC group and CoCl 2+si-NC group, the proliferation and migration ability of cells in the CoCl 2+si-RRM2 group, CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 NC group and CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group were weaker, and the apoptosis rates were higher (all P<0.05) . Compared with the CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 NC group, the proliferation and migration ability of cells in the CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group were stronger, and the apoptosis rate was lower (all P<0.05) . The results of ATP and glucose detection showed that there were statistically significant differences in the amount of ATP production and glucose consumption among the above five groups ( F=12.53, P<0.001; F=19.21, P<0.001) . Compared with the si-NC group, the glucose consumption of cells was lower in the CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group ( P<0.05) . Compared with the CoCl 2+si-NC group, the ATP production and glucose consumption of cells in the CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group were lower (both P<0.05) . Compared with the CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 NC group, the ATP production and glucose consumption of the CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group were higher (both P<0.05) . Western blotting showed that there were statistically significant differences in the protein expressions of ENO1, RRM2, HK2, PKM2, GLUT1, and p-CDK1/CDK1 among the above five groups (all P<0.001) . Compared with the si-NC group and the CoCl 2+si-NC group, the protein expressions of ENO1, RRM2, HK2, PKM2, GLUT1 and p-CDK1/CDK1 in the CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group were lower (all P<0.05) . Compared with the CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 NC group, the protein expressions of ENO1, RRM2, PKM2, GLUT1 and p-CDK1/CDK1 in the CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group were higher (all P<0.05) . Conclusions:Silencing RRM2 can inhibit the malignant biological behavior of gastric cancer cells and the occurrence of aerobic glycolysis by regulating CDK1.

This study investigated the role of the nuclear factor of activated T cells c3 (NFATc3) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) during aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD) progression and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Cytoplasmic and nuclear NFATc3 levels were elevated in human and mouse AAD. VSMC-NFATc3 deletion reduced thoracic AAD (TAAD) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression in mice, contrary to VSMC-NFATc3 overexpression. VSMC-NFATc3 deletion reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and maintained the VSMC contractile phenotype. Nuclear NFATc3 targeted and transcriptionally upregulated matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and MMP2, promoting ECM degradation and AAD development. NFATc3 promoted VSMC phenotypic switching by binding to eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) and inhibiting its phosphorylation in the VSMC cytoplasm. Restoring eEF2 reversed the beneficial effects in VSMC-specific NFATc3-knockout mice. Cabamiquine-targets eEF2 and inhibits protein synthesis-inhibited AAD development and progression in VSMC-NFATc3-overexpressing mice. VSMC-NFATc3 promoted VSMC switch and ECM degradation while exacerbating AAD development, making it a novel potential therapeutic target for preventing and treating AAD.