Oxidative stress is a pivotal factor in the onset and progression of diabetic kidney disease （DKD）， and it plays an essential role in the prevention and treatment of DKD. The "Gaozhuo" pathogenesis posits that DKD is characterized by the invasion of Gaozhuo and damage to the kidney collaterals， with the underlying cause being the insufficiency of spleen Qi and the internal formation of Gaozhuo， which provides valuable guidance on oxidative stress. The insufficiency of spleen Qi and the internal formation of Gaozhuo represent a dynamic， evolving process. Gaozhuo invades the kidney collaterals， impairs kidney Qi， and progressively leads to the congealing and stagnation of Gaozhuo and blood， ultimately resulting in the failure of both the spleen and kidneys. The damage caused by Gaozhuo to the kidney collaterals and kidney Qi is analogous to the organ and functional damage of the kidneys induced by excessive reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Damage to the kidney collaterals means organic injuries to the glomeruli， renal tubules， and renal interstitium， and the depletion of kidney Qi refers to damage to glomerular filtration and renal tubular reabsorption. The congealing and stagnation of Gaozhuo and blood in the kidney collaterals is similar to oxidative stress-induced thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and fibrosis. The interaction between spleen and kidney Qi deficiency and the congealing and stagnation of Gaozhuo and blood creates a vicious cycle that exacerbates the condition， ultimately evolving into the failure of both the spleen and kidneys. The failure of the spleen and kidneys is analogous to renal failure， and its extreme manifestation is end-stage renal disease and uremia. The treatment of oxidative stress in DKD with traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is based on the principles of strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidneys， and dispelling turbidity and removing blood stasis. According to the syndrome type， it is recommended to use methods such as strengthening the spleen and tonifying Qi while dispelling dampness and removing turbidity， strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidneys while dispelling dampness and removing turbidity， strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidneys while dispelling turbidity and removing blood stasis， or consolidating the spleen and kidneys while clearing away turbidity and blood stasis.

Objective To study the effect of Sildenafil in the treatment of hypoxemia after operation of cyanotic congenital heart disease.Methods A total of 34 cases with hypoxemia after operation of cyanotic congenital heart disease were collected between January 2009 to January 2015.They took Sildenafil with the dosage of 0.3-0.5 mg/kg every 6 hour.The change of heart rate (HR),systolic blood pressure (SBP),central venous pressure (CVP),pulmonary artery pressure (PAP),arterial partial pressure of oxygen [pa (O2)],arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide [Pa (CO2)],oxygenation index [pa (O2)/FiO2],peak airway pressure (Ppeak),positive inotropic drug score (PIDS) and the lower bound of liver were observed at 4 time points,including before taking the medicine,after taking the medicine for 1 hour,after taking the medicine 1 day and after the ventilator was removed.Based on the data,the therapeutic effects of Sildenafil were studied.Results All 34 cases were cured.At the time point of 1 hour after taking Sildenafil,PAP,CVP and Ppeak decreased significantly,but pa (O2) and pa (O2)/FiO2 increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).At the time point of 1 day after taking Sildinafil,SBP increased steadily,but PAP and CVP continued to get lower,and PIDS decreased significantly,while the liver lower bound was significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.05).At the time point of removing the ventilator,pa (O2) reached to (144.12 ± 26.25) mmHg,and hypoxemia was corrected,but PAP was reduced to (37.47 ± 3.77) mmHg,PIDS decreased to (17.56-± 1.94) scores,and heart failure was corrected.Compared with the previous 3 time points,there were statistically significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Sildenafil can highly selectively decrease pulmonary vascular resistance and obviously promote the correction of hypoxemia after operation of cyanotic congenital heart disease.

Objective To detect the value of dynamic spiral CT on the prostatic cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH).Methods Plain and dynamic spiral CT scans were obtained in 88 male patients with various ages due to prostate or other pelvis diseases.Out of these detailed data in 5 cases of prostate cancer and 11 cases of BPH which were confirmed by operation and pathology were available.Contrast enhancement pattern and degree were correlated with the pathological and operational findings.Results Prostate was enlarged in all cases except one prostate cancer and 3 cases of BPH within normal limits in size.The contour of the prostate was irregular in all cancer cases and one BPH.On dynamic CT scans,prostatic malignant lesions appeared iso-hypodensity with the rest of the prostate gland at the arterial stage and low density at the veinous stage.Diffuse heterogeneous central enhancement was found in 10 cases of BPH at the arterial stage,especially in the lateral lobes and further enhancement was found in 10 cases of BPH at the arterial stage,especially in the lateral lobes and further enhancement was found at the middle stage.There was little enhancement in the peripheral part at the arterial and veinous stages in BPH.The ratio of the central and the peripheral decreased.One case of BPH within normal size had spotty enhancement in the central part.On delayed CT scans 8 cases of BPH showed homogeneous enhancement in the total prostate gland.Conclusion Prostate cancer and BPH have their own characteristic enhancement patterns and degress,therefore dynamic spiral CT scan could help make differentiation between the two disease.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of CT hypotonic colonography in carcinoma of colon.Methods A total of 55 cases who were diagnosed as ileus,abdomen mass or suspected colonic carcinoma clinically were undergone CT hypotonic clolonography in six years recently,in our hospital.Of them,CT data of 35 cases identified by pathology were analysed retrospectively.Results CT diagnosis was corresponded to the pathologic results in 34 cases .Of them,33 cases were colonic adenocarcinoma(1 case with intussusception of ileum-colon type),one case was abdominal multiple metastatic adenocarcinoma.One case with cecal inflammation and granulation tissues hyperplasia was misdiagnosed for colonic carcinoma by CT.21 of 35 cases were undergone colongraphy,of them,15 cases were diagnosed as colonic carcinoma,1 case was normal,colonographic failure occurred in one case and 4 cases were false negative.Conclusion Hypotonic water perfusion CT scan in the cases permitted under clinical condition(patient with ileus should be perfused with 3% meglumine diatrizoate) can display clearly the primary focus,the position and range of ileus,surrounding organ.It is more excellent than conventional CT and X-ray examination.