BACKGROUND:It has been shown that Gushukang affects bone metabolism by regulating nucleotide and amino acid metabolism and immune mechanisms.Current research on the mechanism of Gushukang in the treatment of osteoporosis primarily focuses on osteoblast regulation and requires further improvement from the perspective of osteoclasts. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism by which Gushukang interferes with osteoclasts in the treatment of osteoporosis using RAW264.7 cells as the research model. METHODS:Twenty-four 8-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups(n=6 per group):the three experimental groups were given 1,2 and 4 g/kg osteoporosis solution by gavage(2 times per day),and the control group was given an equal amount of distilled water by gavage(2 times per day).After 7 days of intragastric administration,aortic blood samples were extracted to collect serum samples using centrifugation,and serum samples from the same groups were combined to obtain the low-,medium-,and high-concentration Gushukang-containing and normal sera for the subsequent experiments.(1)RAW264.7 cells were cultured in six groups:normal serum was added to the control group;low,medium,and high concentration groups were added with low,medium,and high concentrations of Gushukang-containing serum,respectively;ML385,a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)inhibitor was given in the Nrf2 inhibitor group;and t-BHQ,a Nrf2 activator,was added in the Nrf2 activator group.Cell viability was detected using the cell counting kit-8 assay.(2)The 3rd generation RAW 264.7 cells were cultured and divided into five groups:the blank control group was added with normal serum,the osteoclast group was added with receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand(RANKL),and the low-,medium-,and high-concentration groups were added with low-,medium-,and high-concentration Gushukang-containing serum based on the addition of RANKL.Tartrate-resistant acid phosphate staining was performed after 5 days of culture.(3)RAW264.7 cells were cultured and divided into five groups:blank control group was cultured with normal serum,osteoclast group cultured with normal serum and RANKL,high concentration+osteoclast group cultured with RANKL+high concentration Gushukang-containing serum,osteoclast+Nrf2 agonist group cultured with RANKL+t-BHQ,and high concentration+osteoclast+Nrf2 inhibitor group cultured with RANKL+high concentration Gushukang-containing serum+ML385.Western blot assay and determination of reactive oxygen content were performed after 5 days of culture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The cell counting kit-8 results indicated that Gushukang-containing serum,NRF2 inhibitor or agonist had no significant effect on RAW264.7 cell viability.Tartrate-resistant acid phosphate staining results demonstrated that Gushukang-containing serum exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on osteoclast differentiation.Western blot analysis and determination of reactive oxygen species revealed that compared with the blank control group,Nrf2 protein expression was decreased in the osteoclast group(P<0.05),while c-Fos and NFATc1 protein expression and reactive oxygen species content were elevated(P<0.05);compared with the osteoclast group,Nrf2 protein expression was elevated and reactive oxygen species content was decreased in the high-concentration+osteoclast group,osteoclast+Nrf2 agonist group,and high-concentration+osteoclast+Nrf2 inhibitor group(P<0.05),while c-Fos and NFATc1 protein expression was decreased in the high concentration+osteoclast group and osteoclast+Nrf2 agonist group(P<0.05);compared with the high concentration+osteoclast group,Nrf2 protein expression was decreased(P<0.05)and reactive oxygen species content was elevated(P<0.05)in the high concentration+osteoclast+Nrf2 inhibitor group.To conclude,Gushukang reduces reactive oxygen species production by activating Nrf2,thereby inhibiting downstream of the c-Fos/NFATc1 pathway and suppressing osteoclast differentiation.

ObjectiveTo illustrate the mechanism of COVID-19 vaccine in the T cell immune response. MethodsBased on the characteristics of T cell and B cell immune response， we matched the data of incubation periods across the SARS-CoV-2 prototype strain， Delta variants， and Omicron variants and effectiveness of mRNA and inactivated COVID-19 vaccines for analysis. ResultsThe effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine against infection and onset was consistent with incubation period principally being ≥5 days. In contrast， the effectiveness of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine was consistent with incubation period principally being ≥8 days. ConclusionIt may be interpreted by faster T cell immune response stimulated by mRNA vaccine， compared to B cell immune response byinactivated vaccine.

COVID-19 has caused more than 600 million cases， more than 6 million death and mortality of 1.24% worldwide. One out of every six people caught COVID-19 at the 5^th wave of expansion， having a mortality of 15 per 10 thousand. China mainland with the dynamic zero-COVID-19 strategy have decreased 699 million cases and 6.26 million deaths from dynamic zero-COVID-19 strategy in 3 years in case of yearly outbreak of COVID-19， according to the situation of Omicron variant in Hongkong with incidence of one out of every six people and 0.76% of mortality. With the stronger contagious and variation of the virus， there is less long-term latency. The Chinese governments have more efficient control of epidemic of dynamic zero-COVID-19 strategy caused by imported cases with local diffusion by physical separation and isolation as measure of quarantines； have quick and effective results with zero new cases， which kept the health and safety for people in China. The paper analyzes the efficient measures and achievement of dynamic zero-COVID-19 strategy in Beihai and Chongzuo of Guangxi under the outbreaks of COVID-19 Omicron variant on July of 2022， after the calculation of expanding latency as ≤4 days， ≤7 days or ≥ 8 days’ different latency of primary strains， of expanding latency of Delta variant in part of cases in Yangzhou City of Jiangsu， and of expanding latency of Omicron coming out from chain-expanding cases from Xiaojinge clothing store of Beijing.

HYD-PEP06, an endostatin-modified polypeptide, has been shown to produce effective anti-colorectal carcinoma effects through inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, whether HYD-PEP06 has similar suppressive effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remained unknown. In this study, HYD-PEP06 inhibited metastasis and EMT but not proliferation

Objective To explore the practical principles in diagnosis of suspected vaccination related deaths.Method Collection information of four suspected vaccination related deaths,including clinic symptom,vaccination history,autopsy and final diagnosis.Analyzing and hypothesis of possible cause of death to exclude vaccine allergy and vaccine quality without enough attenuation and opened ample contaminated with bacterium and its toxin or performance error based on theory of allergy and regulations of vaccine producing quality and the vaccination management process combined with epidemiological survey.Results None of death caused by vaccination which were testified based on the four principle(1)the onset time longer than 2 hour after vaccination excluded from allergy,(2)cases not with the same batch of the vaccine or the patient without the symptom and the similar duration of incubation of the vaccine target disease to excluded from vaccine quality;(3)vaccine ample not opened long time before vaccination excluded from vaccine contaminated with bacterium and its toxin(4)not similar pharmaceutical agent put at the same place with the vaccine during vaccination excluded from the performance error.Conclusion The four principles in diagnosis of suspected vaccination related death was scientific,objective,practical,feasible and helpful in the investigation of suspected vaccination related death,especially for those who working in the grass-root such as county immunization management institute or township hospital.