BACKGROUND:Several observational studies have found a close relationship between thyroid function levels and sarcopenia,but the causal relationship between thyroid function levels and the onset of sarcopenia is not yet clear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the causal relationship between thyroid function levels and sarcopenia using a two sample Mendelian randomization method. METHODS:A two sample Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted using genome-wide association study data on thyrotropin,free triiodothyronine,free tetraiodothyronine,subclinical hyperthyroidism,subclinical hypothyroidism,and four related phenotypes of sarcopenia-lefthand grip strength,right hand grip strength,limb lean mass,and gait speed.The inverse-variance weighted method,weighted median method,simple mode method,weighted median estimator method,and MR Egger regression method were used as analysis methods,while heterogeneity test,pleiotropy test,MR-PRESSO,leave-one-out method,funnel plot and other methods were used for sensitivity analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone increased left-(β=0.02,SE=0.01,P=0.01)and right-handed grip strength(β=0.02,SE=0.01,P=0.01),an increase in free triiodothyronine decreased left-(β=-0.06,SE=0.02,P=9.5×10-5)and right-handed grip strength(β=-0.07,SE=0.02,P=9.3×10-5),and subclinical hyperthyroidism decreased gait speed(β=-4.4×10-3,SE=1.7×10-3,P=0.01).The sensitivity analysis results were basically consistent with the main analysis results.To conclude,an increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone is a protective factor for sarcopenia,and elevation of free triiodothyronine and subclinical hyperthyroidism may increase the risk of sarcopenia.

Objective:To investigate the effect of nourishing yin and tonifying yang method on inflammatory response and bone metabolism in patients with T2DM complicated with osteoporosis (OP).Methods:A randomized controlled trial. From January 2022 to December 2023,80 patients with T2DM and OP in our hospital were selected as the observation objects, and they were divided into two groups by random number table method, with 40 cases in each group.On the basis of conventional treatment, the control group chewed vitamin D calcium chewable tablets, and the observation group added nourishing yin and tonifying yang Chinese medicine.Both groups were treated for 6 months. TCM syndrome scores were performed before and after treatment ;the levels of fasting blood glucose (FPG), 2 hPG and HbA1c were detected by intelligent blood glucose monitor;the levels of serum neutrophils and lymphocytes were detected by automatic blood analyzer, and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was calculated;the levels of serum IL-1β and TNF-α were detected by automatic chemiluminescence analyzer, the levels of type I procollagen amino terminal propeptide (PINP), type I collagen carboxy terminal peptide β special sequence (β-CTX) and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 [25-(OH)D3] were detected by ELISA;Bone mineral density (BMD) was detected by bone mineral density detector. The adverse reactions during treatment were observed and recorded, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results:The total effective rate was 92.5 %(37/40) in the observation group and 75.0 % (30/40) in the control group,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=4.50, P=0.034).After treatment, the scores of soreness and weakness of waist and knees, soreness and pain of waist and back, clear and long urine, pale tongue and white coating in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( t=3.11, 3.75, 3.51, 3.74, P<0.01);the levels of serum FPG, 2 hPG and HbA1c in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( t=3.11,3.20,3.39, P<0.01).The levels of serum NLR (2.63 ± 0.68 vs. 3.24 ± 0.79, t=3.70), IL-1β [(81.65 ± 8.30) ng/L vs. (89.03 ± 8.98) ng/L, t=3.82] and TNF-α [(35.14 ± 5.11) μg/L vs. (39.96 ± 5.38) μg/L, t=4.11] in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01). After treatment, the levels of PINP [(29.83 ± 3.92) ng/L vs. (34.02 ± 4.03) ng/L, t=4.71] and β-CTX [(21.30 ± 3.95 ) ng/L vs. (25.32 ± 4.18) ng/L, t=4.42] in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01), the levels of 25-(OH)D3 [(42.86 ± 5.12) μg/L vs. (38.08 ± 4.55) μg/L, t=4.41] and BMD [(0.90 ± 0.18) g/cm 3vs. (0.78 ± 0.16) g/cm 3, t=3.15] were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.01).During the treatment, the incidence of adverse reactions was 12.5% (5/40) in the observation group and 10.0 % (4/40) in the control group,there was no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=0.13, P=0.723). Conclusion:The method of nourishing yin and tonifying yang can effectively improve the TCM syndromes of T2DM patients with OP, reduce the levels of blood glucose and inflammatory factors, improve bone metabolism, improve clinical efficacy and have good treatment safety.

In order to obtain the long-acting FSH preparation, the single strand long-acting analogous gene FSHbeta-CTP-alpha was successfully constructed by the C-terminal peptide(CTP) of carboxyl-terminal region of human chorionic gonadotropin with the goat FSHalpha-subunit and beta-subunit genes, then it was inserted into pPIC9K vector. The recombinant plasmid pPIC9K FSHbeta-CTP-alpha was transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115 by electroporation. The multi-copy inserts His+Mut+ were gained by the screening of phenotype and hyper-resistance to G418. After methanol induction, the supernatant was analysised by SDS-Polyacrylamide Gen Electrophoresis and Western blot. The results show that the transformants of FSHbeta-CTP-alpha could express the objective protein successfully and the molecular weight is about 29 kD. The concentration of supernatant was detected by Radio-immunoassay and the average expression of multi-inserts is 91.849 mIU/mL and the low-inserts is 37.419 mIU/mL. The expression of multi-inserts is higher than the low-inserts significantly. This research lay the foundation for studying the structure of FSH and the production of long-acting FSH preparation.
Animals ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemical synthesis ; Electroporation ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; analogs & derivatives ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; Goats ; Pichia ; genetics ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; administration & dosage ; biosynthesis ; genetics