Objective:To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Dachaihu decoction(DCD)on dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis(UC)and liver injury in mice,as well as the association between DCD benefits and gut microbiota modulation.Methods:Mice were treated with DCD(20.10 and 10.05 g/kg)for 2 weeks,with free access to drinking water containing 3%DSS in the second week to induce UC.Histopathological examination,RT-qPCR and 16S rRNA sequencing were used to investigate the effect of DCD on UC mice.Results:DCD pretreatment significantly alleviated weight loss,bloody diarrhea with mucus,histopathological abnormalities of the colon,and colon shortening in mice with DSS-induced UC.In addition,DCD pretreat-ment significantly upregulated the levels of Occludin,ZO-1,and MUC-2 in the colon and protected the intestinal barrier of mice.DCD pretreatment also alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration in the colon and the liver and significantly reduced the expression levels of the proinflammatory factors such as IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,iNOS,COX-2,and NLRP3,thereby exerting a protective effect against UC and liver injury.It should be noted that DCD corrected gut micro-biota imbalance in UC mice by enriching probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and reducing harmful bacteria such as Norank_f_Desulfovibrionaceae and Escherichia-Shigella.Conclusion:DCD can alleviate DSS-induced UC and exert a liver-protecting effect by protecting intestinal barrier,inhibiting inflam-mation,and regulating gut microbiota.

Lung cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest incidence and mortality rates globally. Current treatment methods for lung cancer primarily include surgery， chemotherapy， targeted therapy， and immunotherapy. However， the main limitations of these treatments are their side effects， the drug resistance， and the economic burden they impose. As a critical cancer pathway， the Janus kinase （JAK）/signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT） signaling pathway regulates tumor occurrence and development through multiple mechanisms by influencing various downstream targets. Consequently， the JAK/STAT signaling pathway offers a promising avenue for lung cancer treatment research. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays a key role in the proliferation and growth of lung cancer cells， angiogenesis， epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT）， metabolic alterations， remodeling of the immune microenvironment， and the development of treatment resistance. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has garnered increasing attention due to its minimal side effects， low economic burden， and its potential to enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity when used in conjunction with Western medicine. In addition to traditional Chinese medicine compounds， a growing number of Chinese medicine monomers have come into the spotlight because of their more targeted effects. Numerous studies investigating the regulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway by TCM in the treatment of lung cancer have demonstrated that TCM can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells， tumor angiogenesis， and EMT， improve the inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironments， and enhance treatment sensitivity by intervening in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway， thereby impeding the progression of lung cancer. In recent years， the research on the regulation of this pathway by TCM in the treatment of lung cancer has been updated rapidly. However， the summary of these studies has not been updated in time. This review summarizes and reflects on the recent research findings regarding the regulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway by TCM to intervene in lung cancer from three aspects， introducing the JAK/STAT pathway， elaborating the mechanism of this pathway in lung cancer， and exploring the intervention of TCM in the treatment of lung cancer through this pathway， to provide more reference for the treatment of lung cancer in the future.

Objective To investigate the role of STK4-AS1 in regulating the proliferation,invasion,and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)cells through the MYG1/Notch signaling pathway.Methods Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the expression of STK4-AS1 in ESCC cells.MTS assay,wound healing and Transwell assay were conducted to explore the proliferation,migration,and invasion abilities in each group in Eca109 and Kyse150 cells.mRNA sequencing(mRNA-seq)was used to detect the down-stream target genes of STK4-AS1.KEGG functional enrichment analyses were used to predict the possible biological processes and signaling pathways.qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to identify mRNA expression of MYG1 and the key downstream transcription factors HES1,HES5,and HEY1 of the Notch signaling pathway,as well as the protein expression of NICD1.Co-transfection plasmids(for over-expressing STK4-AS1 and MYG1)were used to detect the mRNA expression of HES1,HES5,and HEY1 and the protein expression of NICD1 which acted as the key downstream transcription factors in the Notch signaling pathway,as well as the effects on the proliferation,migration,and invasion abilities of ESCC cells.Results The expression of STK4-AS1 was decreased in ESCC cell lines(P<0.01).Over-expression of STK4-AS1 inhibited the proliferation,migration and invasion abilities in Eca109 and Kyse150 cells(P<0.05).STK4-AS1 negatively regulated the expression of MYG1(P<0.01),and the expression of MYG1 was increased in ESCC cell lines(P<0.01).Over-expression of MYG1 could partially reverse the effect of STK4-AS1 on the malignant biological behavior of Eca109 and Kyse150 cells(P<0.05),as well as the mRNA expressions of HES1,HES5,and HEY1 and the protein expression of NICD1(P<0.05).Conclusion STK4-AS1 affects the malignant biological behaviors of ESCC through the MYG1/Notch signaling pathway.

Pharmacovigilance impact research(PIR),as an important application field of pharmacoepidemiology,has attracted continuous attention in recent years from drug regulatory authorities,pharmaceutical manufacturers,and the academic community both domestically and internationally.This paper provides an interpretation of PIR based on the Guide for Methodology in Pharmacoepidemiologic Research(2nd edition).First,an overview of the implications of PIR will be provided,focusing on the pathways of pharmacovigilance activities and the significant importance of conducting PIR.Second,it reviews commonly used study designs and presents illustrative case examples.Building on this,the specific statistical considerations relevant to PIR were discussed.Finally,the challenges and prospects of conducting pharmacovigilance impact studies in a scientific and standardized manner are summarized.Compared with the previous edition,the 2nd edition has expanded the application scenarios of pharmacoepidemiology to include new areas such as PIR.Drawing on the guideline content and practical experience,this paper provides a detailed introduction and case analysis of PIR,serving as a reference for researchers engaged in this field.

Standardized research reporting is crucial for the translation of pharmacoepidemiology research findings,and visual reporting can significantly enhance the clarity,understandability,and transparency of research results.Based on the Guide on Methodological Standards in Pharmacoepidemiology(2nd edition),this article systematically explains the key points for writing each component of a research report(including title,abstract,introduction,research methods,research results,discussion and conclusions,acknowledgments,conflict of interest statement,and references).This article also summarizes recognized international and domestic standards for pharmacoepidemiology research reporting,providing a reference for researchers.Furthermore,real-world cases will be used to demonstrate common forms of visualized reports and their interpretation methods.Finally,it further explores strategies for communicating research results.This study aims to provide pharmacoepidemiology researchers with detailed guidance on visually presenting research results and writing high-quality research reports,thereby enhancing the integrity and impact of their research.

Pharmacovigilance impact research(PIR),as an important application field of pharmacoepidemiology,has attracted continuous attention in recent years from drug regulatory authorities,pharmaceutical manufacturers,and the academic community both domestically and internationally.This paper provides an interpretation of PIR based on the Guide for Methodology in Pharmacoepidemiologic Research(2nd edition).First,an overview of the implications of PIR will be provided,focusing on the pathways of pharmacovigilance activities and the significant importance of conducting PIR.Second,it reviews commonly used study designs and presents illustrative case examples.Building on this,the specific statistical considerations relevant to PIR were discussed.Finally,the challenges and prospects of conducting pharmacovigilance impact studies in a scientific and standardized manner are summarized.Compared with the previous edition,the 2nd edition has expanded the application scenarios of pharmacoepidemiology to include new areas such as PIR.Drawing on the guideline content and practical experience,this paper provides a detailed introduction and case analysis of PIR,serving as a reference for researchers engaged in this field.

Standardized research reporting is crucial for the translation of pharmacoepidemiology research findings,and visual reporting can significantly enhance the clarity,understandability,and transparency of research results.Based on the Guide on Methodological Standards in Pharmacoepidemiology(2nd edition),this article systematically explains the key points for writing each component of a research report(including title,abstract,introduction,research methods,research results,discussion and conclusions,acknowledgments,conflict of interest statement,and references).This article also summarizes recognized international and domestic standards for pharmacoepidemiology research reporting,providing a reference for researchers.Furthermore,real-world cases will be used to demonstrate common forms of visualized reports and their interpretation methods.Finally,it further explores strategies for communicating research results.This study aims to provide pharmacoepidemiology researchers with detailed guidance on visually presenting research results and writing high-quality research reports,thereby enhancing the integrity and impact of their research.

Objective To investigate the role of STK4-AS1 in regulating the proliferation,invasion,and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)cells through the MYG1/Notch signaling pathway.Methods Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the expression of STK4-AS1 in ESCC cells.MTS assay,wound healing and Transwell assay were conducted to explore the proliferation,migration,and invasion abilities in each group in Eca109 and Kyse150 cells.mRNA sequencing(mRNA-seq)was used to detect the down-stream target genes of STK4-AS1.KEGG functional enrichment analyses were used to predict the possible biological processes and signaling pathways.qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to identify mRNA expression of MYG1 and the key downstream transcription factors HES1,HES5,and HEY1 of the Notch signaling pathway,as well as the protein expression of NICD1.Co-transfection plasmids(for over-expressing STK4-AS1 and MYG1)were used to detect the mRNA expression of HES1,HES5,and HEY1 and the protein expression of NICD1 which acted as the key downstream transcription factors in the Notch signaling pathway,as well as the effects on the proliferation,migration,and invasion abilities of ESCC cells.Results The expression of STK4-AS1 was decreased in ESCC cell lines(P<0.01).Over-expression of STK4-AS1 inhibited the proliferation,migration and invasion abilities in Eca109 and Kyse150 cells(P<0.05).STK4-AS1 negatively regulated the expression of MYG1(P<0.01),and the expression of MYG1 was increased in ESCC cell lines(P<0.01).Over-expression of MYG1 could partially reverse the effect of STK4-AS1 on the malignant biological behavior of Eca109 and Kyse150 cells(P<0.05),as well as the mRNA expressions of HES1,HES5,and HEY1 and the protein expression of NICD1(P<0.05).Conclusion STK4-AS1 affects the malignant biological behaviors of ESCC through the MYG1/Notch signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have reported inconsistent results with positive,negative,and J-shaped associations between alcohol consumption and the hazard of aortic aneurysm and dissection(AAD).This study aimed to examine the connections between weekly alcohol consumption and the subsequent risk of AAD. METHODS:The UK Biobank study is a population-based cohort study.Weekly alcohol consumption was assessed using self-reported questionnaires and the congenital risk of alcohol consumption was also evaluated using genetic risk score(GRS).Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios(HRs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)for the associations between alcohol consumption and AAD.Several sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the results. RESULTS:Among the 388,955 participants(mean age:57.1 years,47.4%male),2,895 incident AAD cases were documented during a median follow-up of 12.5 years.Compared with never-drinkers,moderate drinkers(adjusted HR:0.797,95%CI:0.646-0.984,P<0.05)and moderate-heavy drinkers(adjusted HR:0.794,95%CI:0.635-0.992,P<0.05)were significantly associated with a decreased risk of incident AAD.Interaction-based subgroup analysis revealed that the protective effect of moderate drinking was reflected mainly in participants younger than 65 years and women. CONCLUSION:Our findings support a protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption on AAD,but are limited to participants younger than 65 years and women.

The upset insomnia caused by life and work pressure has seriously affected the physical and mental health of modern people and induced many diseases. The quality of Chinese medicine for nourishing heart and tranquilizing mind is stable, and it has a significant effect on the treatment of insomnia, with fewer adverse reactions, and no dependence on sedative and hypnotic as chemical drugs. The Chinese herbal pieces and preparations for nourishing heart and tranquilizing mind can be divided into psychotropic and sedative drugs according to their functions. Their active ingredients mainly include flavonoids, alkaloids, organic acids, polysaccharides, amino acids and vitamins, etc. They are mostly used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and central nervous system inhibition. In this paper, the types and active ingredients and development tendency and application status of the Chinese herbal pieces and preparations of nourishing heart and tranquilizing mind were reviewed individually, in order to provide reference for the development of drugs of nourishing heart and tranquilizing mind in the field of clinical application and related drugs.