Natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising candidates for the development of a new generation of antimicrobials to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens. They have found extensive applications in the fields of medicine, food, and agriculture. However, efficiently screening AMPs from natural sources poses several challenges, including low efficiency and high antibiotic resistance. This review focuses on the action mechanisms of AMPs, both through membrane and non-membrane routes. We thoroughly examine various highly efficient AMP screening methods, including whole-bacterial adsorption binding, cell membrane chromatography (CMC), phospholipid membrane chromatography binding, membrane-mediated capillary electrophoresis (CE), colorimetric assays, thin layer chromatography (TLC), fluorescence-based screening, genetic sequencing-based analysis, computational mining of AMP databases, and virtual screening methods. Additionally, we discuss potential developmental applications for enhancing the efficiency of AMP discovery. This review provides a comprehensive framework for identifying AMPs within complex natural product systems.

Integrin α _v β ₃ is overexpressed in various tumor cells and angiogenesis. To date, no drug has been proven to target it for therapy. A first-in-human study was designed to investigate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and dosimetry of ¹⁷⁷Lu-AB-3PRGD2, a novel integrin α _v β ₃-targeting radionuclide drug with an albumin-binding motif to optimize the pharmacokinetics. Ten patients (3 men, 7 women; aged 45 ± 16 years) with integrin α _v β ₃-avid tumors were recruited to accept ¹⁷⁷Lu-AB-3PRGD2 injection in a dosage of 1.57 ± 0.08 GBq (42.32 ± 2.11 mCi), followed by serial scans to obtain its dynamic distribution in the body. Safety tests were performed before and every 2 weeks after the treatment for 6-8 weeks. No adverse event over grade 3 was observed. ¹⁷⁷Lu-AB-3PRGD2 was excreted mainly through the urinary system, with intense radioactivity in the kidneys and bladder. Moderate distribution was found in the liver, spleen, and intestines. The estimated blood half-life was 2.85 ± 2.17 h. The whole-body effective dose was 0.251 ± 0.047 mSv/MBq. The absorbed doses were 0.157 ± 0.032 mGy/MBq in red bone marrow and 0.684 ± 0.132 mGy/MBq in kidneys. This first-in-human study of ¹⁷⁷Lu-AB-3PRGD2 treatment indicates its promising potential for targeted radionuclide therapy of integrin α _v β ₃-avid tumors. It merits further studies in more patients with escalating doses and multiple treatment courses.

The scientific interpretation of the theory of medicinal properties of TCM is a research hotspot in the modernization of TCM. It is of great value to clarify the property and degree of cold and heat in Chinese materia medica for guiding clinical precise medication. In recent years, the research on the cold and heat properties of Chinese materia medica has been carried out at the animal, cell and molecular levels. Based on the objective material basis of medicinal properties, from the perspective of biological effects such as thermodynamics and multiomics; with the help of infrared thermal imaging and other technologies for analysis; forming a variety of research models such as "property-structure relationship". Related research has developed from a single material component or index to a new model that tends to integrate multi-source information and multi-dimensional data. However, how to deal with the problems of large sample size, strong redundancy, high heterogeneity, and how to integrate multi-dimensional information are still research difficulties. With its powerful computing and learning ability, machine learning can show good discrimination and prediction ability in the study of cold and hot properties of Chinese materia medica, and play an important role in the study of cold and hot properties of Chinese materia medica. At present, the most widely used algorithms are linear discriminant analysis, Logistic discriminant analysis, support vector machine, decision tree, random forest and so on. The data dimension of the existing research needs to be enriched, the algorithm has room for further optimization, and a more detailed discriminant model of cold and hot properties of Chinese materia medica needs to be established.

Cardiac remodeling in microgravity exerts effects on astronauts'health and space mission efficiency.This paper analyzes the etiology,pathogenesis,prevention,and treatment of cardiac remodeling in microgravity based on the Trinity View of"Physique-Qi-Spirit"of traditional Chinese medicine.The microgravity environment disrupts the heaven-earth qi interaction law described in"Suwen Yin Yang Ying Xiang Da Lun":"Earth qi ascends to form clouds through heavenly evaporation,while heaven qi descends as rain".This disruption causes upward reversal of human qi and cephalad fluid shift,consequently influencing the dynamic balance of the physique-qi-spirit system and inducing cardiac remodeling.The core pathogenesis initiates with qi upward reversal at the initial stage,advances through spiritual disturbance during progression,and culminates in physical impairment at the terminal stage.We therefore propose a holistic"physique-qi-spirit"co-regulation strategy implemented via three therapeutic principles:regulating qi,stabilizing spirit,and restoring physique.This approach aims to restore the dynamic balance of the"physique-qi-spirit"system in microgravity,apply the concept of"preventive treatment of diseases",holistically prevent or delay cardiac remodeling,and provide Traditional Chinese Medicine solutions for safeguarding astronauts'cardiovascular health.

Humans are born under the nourishment of heaven and earth qi.The physiological and pathological functions of the human body are influenced by the alternation of cold and heat in the four seasons.Allergic diseases often occur or worsen during seasonal transitions,corresponding to the theory of the spleen dominating the end of the four seasons in traditional Chinese medicine.Splenic dysfunction disrupts the body's internal clock during seasonal transitions,making it unable to adapt to external climate changes,causing the onset or exacerbation of specific allergic symptoms.The theory of"the spleen serves as the guard"originated from Huangdi Neijing,which is a succinct summary of the role of the spleen in defending the body against external pathogens.The theory emphasizes that the spleen transports drinks and foods internally to supplement healthy qi,and regulates defensive qi externally to protect the whole body.This theory is closely linked to the seasonal changes in immune function,thereby influencing the seasonal onset of allergic diseases.This paper explores the roles of the spleen in time-based self-regulation and immune defense against seasonal allergic diseases according to the theory of"spleen serves as the grard."The dysfunction of this protective mechanism,which leads to disharmony in nutritive qi and defensive qi,internal production of phlegm-dampness,and zang-fu organs malnutrition,are the key factors causing recurrent and persistent allergic diseases during seasonal transitions.This study provides insights for elucidating the mechanisms behind seasonal allergic disease outbreaks and their prevention.

Humans are born under the nourishment of heaven and earth qi.The physiological and pathological functions of the human body are influenced by the alternation of cold and heat in the four seasons.Allergic diseases often occur or worsen during seasonal transitions,corresponding to the theory of the spleen dominating the end of the four seasons in traditional Chinese medicine.Splenic dysfunction disrupts the body's internal clock during seasonal transitions,making it unable to adapt to external climate changes,causing the onset or exacerbation of specific allergic symptoms.The theory of"the spleen serves as the guard"originated from Huangdi Neijing,which is a succinct summary of the role of the spleen in defending the body against external pathogens.The theory emphasizes that the spleen transports drinks and foods internally to supplement healthy qi,and regulates defensive qi externally to protect the whole body.This theory is closely linked to the seasonal changes in immune function,thereby influencing the seasonal onset of allergic diseases.This paper explores the roles of the spleen in time-based self-regulation and immune defense against seasonal allergic diseases according to the theory of"spleen serves as the grard."The dysfunction of this protective mechanism,which leads to disharmony in nutritive qi and defensive qi,internal production of phlegm-dampness,and zang-fu organs malnutrition,are the key factors causing recurrent and persistent allergic diseases during seasonal transitions.This study provides insights for elucidating the mechanisms behind seasonal allergic disease outbreaks and their prevention.

Humans are born under the nourishment of heaven and earth qi.The physiological and pathological functions of the human body are influenced by the alternation of cold and heat in the four seasons.Allergic diseases often occur or worsen during seasonal transitions,corresponding to the theory of the spleen dominating the end of the four seasons in traditional Chinese medicine.Splenic dysfunction disrupts the body's internal clock during seasonal transitions,making it unable to adapt to external climate changes,causing the onset or exacerbation of specific allergic symptoms.The theory of"the spleen serves as the guard"originated from Huangdi Neijing,which is a succinct summary of the role of the spleen in defending the body against external pathogens.The theory emphasizes that the spleen transports drinks and foods internally to supplement healthy qi,and regulates defensive qi externally to protect the whole body.This theory is closely linked to the seasonal changes in immune function,thereby influencing the seasonal onset of allergic diseases.This paper explores the roles of the spleen in time-based self-regulation and immune defense against seasonal allergic diseases according to the theory of"spleen serves as the grard."The dysfunction of this protective mechanism,which leads to disharmony in nutritive qi and defensive qi,internal production of phlegm-dampness,and zang-fu organs malnutrition,are the key factors causing recurrent and persistent allergic diseases during seasonal transitions.This study provides insights for elucidating the mechanisms behind seasonal allergic disease outbreaks and their prevention.

Humans are born under the nourishment of heaven and earth qi.The physiological and pathological functions of the human body are influenced by the alternation of cold and heat in the four seasons.Allergic diseases often occur or worsen during seasonal transitions,corresponding to the theory of the spleen dominating the end of the four seasons in traditional Chinese medicine.Splenic dysfunction disrupts the body's internal clock during seasonal transitions,making it unable to adapt to external climate changes,causing the onset or exacerbation of specific allergic symptoms.The theory of"the spleen serves as the guard"originated from Huangdi Neijing,which is a succinct summary of the role of the spleen in defending the body against external pathogens.The theory emphasizes that the spleen transports drinks and foods internally to supplement healthy qi,and regulates defensive qi externally to protect the whole body.This theory is closely linked to the seasonal changes in immune function,thereby influencing the seasonal onset of allergic diseases.This paper explores the roles of the spleen in time-based self-regulation and immune defense against seasonal allergic diseases according to the theory of"spleen serves as the grard."The dysfunction of this protective mechanism,which leads to disharmony in nutritive qi and defensive qi,internal production of phlegm-dampness,and zang-fu organs malnutrition,are the key factors causing recurrent and persistent allergic diseases during seasonal transitions.This study provides insights for elucidating the mechanisms behind seasonal allergic disease outbreaks and their prevention.

Humans are born under the nourishment of heaven and earth qi.The physiological and pathological functions of the human body are influenced by the alternation of cold and heat in the four seasons.Allergic diseases often occur or worsen during seasonal transitions,corresponding to the theory of the spleen dominating the end of the four seasons in traditional Chinese medicine.Splenic dysfunction disrupts the body's internal clock during seasonal transitions,making it unable to adapt to external climate changes,causing the onset or exacerbation of specific allergic symptoms.The theory of"the spleen serves as the guard"originated from Huangdi Neijing,which is a succinct summary of the role of the spleen in defending the body against external pathogens.The theory emphasizes that the spleen transports drinks and foods internally to supplement healthy qi,and regulates defensive qi externally to protect the whole body.This theory is closely linked to the seasonal changes in immune function,thereby influencing the seasonal onset of allergic diseases.This paper explores the roles of the spleen in time-based self-regulation and immune defense against seasonal allergic diseases according to the theory of"spleen serves as the grard."The dysfunction of this protective mechanism,which leads to disharmony in nutritive qi and defensive qi,internal production of phlegm-dampness,and zang-fu organs malnutrition,are the key factors causing recurrent and persistent allergic diseases during seasonal transitions.This study provides insights for elucidating the mechanisms behind seasonal allergic disease outbreaks and their prevention.

Humans are born under the nourishment of heaven and earth qi.The physiological and pathological functions of the human body are influenced by the alternation of cold and heat in the four seasons.Allergic diseases often occur or worsen during seasonal transitions,corresponding to the theory of the spleen dominating the end of the four seasons in traditional Chinese medicine.Splenic dysfunction disrupts the body's internal clock during seasonal transitions,making it unable to adapt to external climate changes,causing the onset or exacerbation of specific allergic symptoms.The theory of"the spleen serves as the guard"originated from Huangdi Neijing,which is a succinct summary of the role of the spleen in defending the body against external pathogens.The theory emphasizes that the spleen transports drinks and foods internally to supplement healthy qi,and regulates defensive qi externally to protect the whole body.This theory is closely linked to the seasonal changes in immune function,thereby influencing the seasonal onset of allergic diseases.This paper explores the roles of the spleen in time-based self-regulation and immune defense against seasonal allergic diseases according to the theory of"spleen serves as the grard."The dysfunction of this protective mechanism,which leads to disharmony in nutritive qi and defensive qi,internal production of phlegm-dampness,and zang-fu organs malnutrition,are the key factors causing recurrent and persistent allergic diseases during seasonal transitions.This study provides insights for elucidating the mechanisms behind seasonal allergic disease outbreaks and their prevention.