ObjectiveTo investigate the trend and influencing factors of newly reported human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positivity rate among men who had sex with men (MSM) in Shanghai from 2021 to 2024, and to provide evidence for formulating scientific prevention and control measures of AIDS. MethodsMultiple rounds of cross-sectional questionnaire surveys were conducted among MSM by Shanghai Qing’ai Health Promotion Center. Pearson and Cochran-Armitage trend χ² tests were used to analyze the differences and changes in population characteristics and newly reported HIV positivity rates. A logistic regression model was applied for multivariate analyses of factors associated with newly reported HIV positivity. ResultsA total of 1 653 MSM who had not been previously diagnosed with HIV infection were surveyed. The newly reported HIV positivity rates in 2021, 2023, and 2024 were 7.87%, 3.91%, and 3.06%, respectively, showing a decreasing trend (χ²_trend=13.460, P_trend<0.001). Multivariate analyses revealed that MSM aged 18‒<25 years, residing locally for <1 year, identifying as bisexual, lacking HIV knowledge, and having ≥10 same-sex partners in the past 6 months exhibited higher newly reported HIV positivity rates. Conversely, MSM knowledgeable about HIV prevention, residing locally for 1‒5 years, and engaging in oral sex with male partners in the past 6 months demonstrated lower HIV positivity rates. Annual analyses revealed that MSM with HIV knowledge had lower newly reported HIV positivity rates in 2023 and 2024 (aOR=0.300, 95%CI: 0.811‒0.111; aOR=0.202, 95%CI: 0.085‒0.483). ConclusionThe newly reported HIV positivity rate among MSM in Shanghai from 2021 to 2024 showed a decline. Future interventions should focus on young and mobile MSM, strengthen HIV knowledge education through platforms such as the internet, promote safe sexual behaviors and regular testing, and further expand the coverage of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to control HIV transmission within this population.

This article reports a patient with typical Cushing syndrome′s manifestations and extremely low plasma cortisol level, indicating glucocorticoid hypersensitivity syndrome. After treatment with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone, the patient′s Cushing symptoms were significantly relieved, and cortisol levels returned to normal. The aim of this report is to enhance clinical awareness among physicians regarding glucocorticoid hypersensitivity syndrome.

Objective:To discuss the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of mesalazine(MSZ)in the RAW264.7 cell model,and to elucidate its therapeutic effect on periodontitis in the rats.Methods:The proliferation rates of RAW264.7 cells stimulated by different concentrations(0,62.5,125.0,250.0,500.0,1 000.0,and 2 000.0 mg·L-1)of MSZ were detected by CCK-8 method to determine the optimal concentration of MSZ for cell treatment.Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide(P.g-LPS)and MSZ were used to treat the RAW264.7 cells,and the cells were divided into control group,P.g-LPS group,and MSZ+P.g-LPS group.The levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the cells in various groups were detected by the DCFH-DA fluorescent probe assay;the malondialdehyde(MDA)levels,glutathione(GSH)levels and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities in the cells in various groups were detected by ELISA method;the expression levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-8(IL-8)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)mRNA in the cells in various groups were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method.The periodontitis rat model was established by the ligation method combined with the injection of P.g bacterial fluid.A total of 18 rats were randomly divided into control group(without treatment),model group(making period ontits model),and drug administration group(making periodontits model and given MSZ),and there were 6 rats in each group.Micro-CT was used to assess the alveolar bone destruction of the rats in various groups;HE staining was used to observe the morphology of periodontal tissue of the rats in various groups.Results:Compared with control group,the proliferation rate of the cells in 500.0 mg·L-1 MSZ group was significantly increased(P＜0.01),so 500.0 mg·L-1 MSZ was subsequently selected to treat the cells.Compared with control group,the levels of ROS and MDA in the cells in P.g-LPS group were significantly increased(P＜0.01),and the level of GSH and activity of SOD were significantly decreased(P＜0.01),and the expression levels of IL-1β and IL-8 mRNA were significantly increased(P＜0.01);compared with P.g-LPS group,the levels of ROS and MDA in the cells in MSZ+P.g-LPS group were significantly decreased(P＜0.01),the level of GSH and activity of SOD were significantly increased(P＜0.01),and the expression levels of IL-1β and IL-8 mRNA were significantly decreased(P＜0.01).The micro-CT assay results showed that compared with control group,the distance from the cemento-enamel junction to alveolar bone crest(CEJ-ABC)of the rats in model group was significantly increased(P＜0.01),and the bone volume fraction(BV/TV)was significantly decreaced(P＜0.05);compared with model group;the CEJ-ABC of the rats in drug administration group was decreased(P＜0.01),and the BV/TV was increased(P＜0.05).The HE staining results showed that the inflammatory cell infiltration in periodontal tissue of the rats in drug administration group was reduced,and epithelial attachment was restored.Conclusion:MSZ effectively inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory factors and peroxides in the P.g-LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells,improves the cellular anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity,inhibits the alveolar bone resorption,and alleviates the inflammation of periodontal tissues in the periodontitis rats.

Objective To construct a model for predicting the benign and malignant risk of the patients with gastric diseases using con-ventional laboratory indicators such as tumor markers,blood routine,and coagulation indicators,and validate its predictive value.Methods The medical records of patients with gastric diseases who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical Univer-sity from January 2018 to January 2023 were analyzed retrospectively.According to the pathological results,the patients were divided into the gastric cancer(GC)group(n=134)and chronic non-atrophic gastritis(CNAG)group(n=298).Their routine test data such as serum and whole blood tests were collected.The statistical analysis was conducted using the R 4.2.3 software,and a model for pre-dicting the risk of GC was constructed and validated.Results A model for predicting the risk of GC was constructed successfully using the Logistic regression analysis,which included D-dimer,carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 72-4(CA72-4)and hemoglobin(Hb).A visual nomogram was plotted as the final prediction model.The areas under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUCROC)of the model in the training and testing sets were 0.809(95%CI:0.754-0.864)and 0.808(95%CI:0.724-0.892),respectively.The sensitivity and specificity of the model were 58.5%and 93.3%,respectively,indicating that it had good pre-dictive ability.Conclusion The model for predicting the malignant risk of patients with gastric diseases constructed using routine tes-ting indicators has good accuracy and can effectively predict the risk of gastric disease transforming into gastric cancer.It helps to find early gastric cancer patients in clinical practice and take targeted prevention and intervention measures.

Low-intensity ultrasound stimulation of the retina has the ability to modulate neural activity in the primary visual cortex (V1), however, it is currently unclear how different intensities and durations of ultrasonic stimulation of the retina modulate neural activity in V1. In this paper, we recorded local field potential (LFP) signals in the V1 brain region of mice under different ultrasound intensities and different stimulation times. The amplitude of LFP corresponding to 1 s before ultrasound stimulation to 2 s after stimulation (-1-2 s) was analyzed, including the power and sample entropy of delta, theta, alpha beta, and low gamma frequency bands. The experimental results showed that, as the stimulation intensity increased, the peak value of the LFP in the visual cortex showed a linear upward trend; the power in the delta and theta frequency bands showed a linear upward trend, and the sample entropy showed a linear downward trend. With increases of stimulation duration, the peak value of the LFP in the visual cortex showed an upward trend, and the upward trend gradually weakened; the power in the delta frequency band showed an upward trend, the sample entropy showed a linear upward trend, and the sample entropy in the theta frequency band showed a downward trend. The results show that low-intensity ultrasonic stimulation of the retina has a significant modulatory effect on neural activity in the visual cortex. The study provides insights into the mechanisms by which ultrasonic stimulation regulates visual system function. Furthermore, it clarifies the patterns of parameter selection, facilitating the development of personalized multi-parameter modulation for the treatment of visual neural degeneration, retinal disorders and related research areas.
Animals ; Visual Cortex/radiation effects* ; Retina/radiation effects* ; Mice ; Ultrasonic Waves ; Primary Visual Cortex/physiology*

Objective:To explore the risk factors that may affect the stabilization of dorsal intra-articular fragment in distal radius fracture after volar internal fixation.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed of the patients with distal radius fracture who had been treated by volar internal fixation at Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University from July 2016 to July 2020. After 3D reconstruction of their preoperative CT scans by software Mimics 20.0, 66 patients with a dorsal intra-articular fragment were screened out. They were 31 males and 35 females, aged from 23 to 78 years (average, 53.4 years). By the AO classification, there were 17 case of type C1, 22 cases of type C2, and 27 cases of type C3. The displacement of dorsal intra-articular fragment was judged by X-ray observation on postoperative day 2 and X-ray follow-up at the outpatient department. The 13 patients with displacement of dorsal intra-articular fragment>2 mm were assigned into a displacement group while the other 53 ones into a displacement-free group. The 2 groups were compared in terms of preoperative general data and anatomical data of the dorsal intra-articular fragment (total preoperative displacement, radius-ulnar length, dorsal-volar length, aspect ratio, proximal-distal length and volume) to analyze the correlations between them and displacement.Results:There was no significant difference in preoperative general data (age, gender, affected side, cause of injury or AO classification) between the 2 groups, showing comparability between groups ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up for 6 to 24 months (mean, 14 months) after surgery. There were no postoperative complications like neurovascular lesion or infection. None of the patients in the displacement group underwent revision surgery, and the fractures healed successfully during the postoperative follow-up. The total preoperative displacement in the displacement group was(10.0±1.3) mm, significantly larger than that in the displacement-free group [(7.8±1.5) mm]; the radius-ulnar length in the displacement group was (8.2±1.3) mm, significantly shorter than that in the displacement-free group [(10.8±2.3) mm]; the aspect ratio of the fragment in the displacement group was 1.2±0.2, significantly lower than that in the displacement-free group (1.4±0.2); the fragment volume in the displacement group was (690.5± 201.4) mm 3, significantly smaller than that in the displacement-free group [(995.8±295.0) mm 3]. There were significant differences in the above items between the 2 groups ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The total preoperative displacement, radius-ulnar length, aspect ratio and volume of a dorsal intra-articular fragment are important factors which may affect the displacement of the dorsal fragment after volar internal fixation.

Background::Urticaria is a common skin disease characterized by episodes of wheals, and it has a negative effect on patients’ quality of life. Large-scale population-based epidemiological studies of urticaria are scarce in China. The aim of this survey was to determine the prevalence, clinical forms, and risk factors of urticaria in the Chinese population.Methods::This survey was conducted in 35 cities from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities of China. Two to three communities in each city were selected in this investigation. Participants completed questionnaires and received dermatological examinations. We analyzed the prevalence, clinical forms, and risk factors of urticaria.Results::In total, 44,875 questionnaires were distributed and 41,041 valid questionnaires were collected (17,563 male and 23,478 female participants). The lifetime prevalence of urticaria was 7.30%, with 8.26% in female and 6.34% in male individuals ( P < 0.05). The point prevalence of urticaria was 0.75%, with 0.79% in female and 0.71% in male individuals ( P < 0.05). Concomitant angioedema was found in 6.16% of patients. Adults had a higher prevalence of urticaria than adolescents and children. Living in urban areas, exposure to pollutants, an anxious or depressed psychological status, a personal and family history of allergy, thyroid diseases, and Helicobacter pylori infection were associated with a higher prevalence of urticaria. Smoking was correlated with a reduced risk of urticaria. Conclusion::This study demonstrated that the lifetime prevalence of urticaria was 7.30% and the point prevalence was 0.75% in the Chinese population; women had a higher prevalence of urticaria than men. Various factors were correlated with urticaria.

Objective:To observe and analyze the clinical features, treatment methods and efficacy of patients with retinopathy associated with incontinentia pigmenti (IP).Methods:A retrospective case study. Twelve clinical confirmed IP patients (24 eyes) in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2015 to December 2018 were included in this study. The best corrected visual acuity and intraocular pressure examination were performed in patients (>4 years old). All patients were examined on the anterior segment, vitreous body, and fundus under topical anesthesia or general anesthesia. Eight cases underwent genetic testing. Patients with active disease should be given anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drug treatment, retinal laser photocoagulation or vitrectomy, those without active disease should be observed. All patients were followed up for 1 to 3 months, with an average follow-up time of 18.7 months.Results:All patients were all female, with an average age of 6.3±9.8 years old at the first ophthalmology visit. According to the recommendations of the pediatrician, 3 cases were actively screened for ophthalmology (referrals), with an average age of 0.4±0.5 years (median age: 2 months). A total of 9 cases were not recommended for referrals (non-referrals), including 3 cases of ophthalmology who were diagnosed for the first time due to visual impairment, and 6 cases of undiagnosed IP before the ophthalmology visit, the average age of their first visit was 8.2±10.8 years (medium age: 3 years old). The age of the first visit for non-referred patients was larger than that of referrals, and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-2.141, P=0.036). Among the 24 eyes of 12 cases, there were no obvious fundus abnormalities in 1 case or 2 eyes, 11 cases of IP-related retinopathy in 22 eyes (91.7%, 22/24), 8 cases of binocular asymmetry (66.7%, 8/12). There were active lesions on the fundus in 7 eyes (29.2%, 7/24). Patients underwent simple retinal laser photocoagulation and/or anti-VEGF drug therapy. During the follow-up, retinal neovascularization recurred in 1 eye. Among the 8 cases that underwent genetic testing, 3 cases (37.5%, 3/8) were deleted in exons 4-10 of the IKBKG gene. Conclusions:IP is more common in women. IP-associated retinopathy is noted with early-onset, asymmetrical retinopathy, which is identified with retinal neovascularization and vitreous proliferation. Early detection and timely treatment are essential.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, i.e. CD4 +CXCR5 +T cells, and the secreted cytokine programmed death factor 1 (PD-1) in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, and to explore the significance of Tfh cells and PD-1 in the treatment of tuberculosis. Methods:Flow cytometry was used to detect the changes of Tfh cells and PD-1 in mononuclear cells during the treatment cycle of tuberculosis.Results:Before treatments, the ratio of Tfh cells/CD4 +T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the pulmonary tuberculosis group was 3.37%±0.45%, which was significantly higher than 2.21%±0.47% of the healthy control group ( P<0.01), and significantly higher than 2.39%±0.38% after treatments ( P<0.01). Before treatments, the ratio of CD4 +CXCR5 +PD-1 +T cells/Tfh cells in the peripheral blood of the tuberculosis group was 25.33%±10.08%, which was significantly higher than 8.42%±2.31% of the healthy control group ( P<0.01), and significantly higher than 11.35%±2.65% after treatments ( P<0.01). After treatments, the levels of Tfh cells and PD-1 in the sputum smear-negative group and the sputum smear-negative group were lower than that before treatments, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The levels of Tfh cells and PD-1 in patients with tuberculosis are significantly higher than those in healthy people, and after drug treatment, the levels of both can be reduced. With the prolongation of the treatment cycle, the sputum smear-transforming group and the non-negative group began to show significant differences. In the course of pulmonary tuberculosis, monitoring changes in Tfh cells and PD-1 levels is helpful for the diagnosis of tuberculosis, and has certain guiding significance for its treatment and outcome.

Lycophytes and seed plants constitute the typical vascular plants. Lycophytes have been thought to have no paleo-polyploidization although the event is known to be critical for the fast expansion of seed plants. Here, genomic analyses including the homologous gene dot plot analysis detected multiple paleo-polyploidization events, with one occurring approximately 13-15 million years ago (MYA) and another about 125-142 MYA, during the evolution of the genome of Selaginella moellendorffii, a model lycophyte. In addition, comparative analysis of reconstructed ancestral genomes of lycophytes and angiosperms suggested that lycophytes were affected by more paleo-polyploidization events than seed plants. Results from the present genomic analyses indicate that paleo-polyploidization has contributed to the successful establishment of both lineages-lycophytes and seed plants-of vascular plants.
Evolution, Molecular ; Genome, Plant ; Genomics ; Phylogeny ; Polyploidy ; Selaginellaceae/genetics*