Objective To evaluate the association of different obesity phenotypes and their components with the risk of cognitive impairment in older Chinese adults,and to assess the association between obesity and cognitive impairment in different cognition-related genetic backgrounds.Methods A cross-sectional study based on the West China Health and Aging Cohort was conducted.Logistic regression was applied to estimate the association of obesity phenotypes and components with cognitive impairment in older Chinese adults stratified by APOE gene and polygenic risk scores.Results A total of 7 316 participants were enrolled,of whom 1 820 had cognitive impairment.Weight gains were associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment(odds ratio[OR]=0.96,95%CI,0.95-0.97).Being overweight with a normal waist-to-hip ratio was a protective factor for cognition(OR=0.74,95%CI,0.61-0.90),whereas the coexistence of elevated waist-to-hip ratio and overweight did not increase the risk of cognitive impairment.Sarcopenia was associated with an elevated risk of cognitive impairment.This association was found in both overweight(OR=2.03,95%CI,1.71-2.41)and non-overweight older adults(OR=1.86,95%CI,1.58-2.20),and was significant across all polygenic risk score strata.Conclusion Increasing body mass may serve as a key protective factor against cognitive decline in older adults.Having sarcopenia and obesity is associated with an elevated risk of cognitive impairment,independent of genetic susceptibility.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Zi goose is a small local variety with high fecundity,good meat quality,roughage resist-ance,strong adaptability and excellent down quality.It is an excellent female parent for cross breeding among varieties.With the rapid development of goose industry,the variety of Zi goose has not been well protected,the variety is hybrid and degraded seriously,and the number of pure Zi goose is decreasing day by day.This paper reviewed the research progress on the breeding distribu-tion and preservation status of Zi goose and the variety characteristics of Zi goose,in order to pro-vide reference for the research,protection and utilization of germplasm resources of Zi goose and the stable development of goose industry.

AIM:To investigate the inhibitory ef-fect of Zushima ointment on inflammation and bone destruction in CIA mice.METHODS:SPF grade male DBA/1 mice were used,6 were random-ly selected as the normal group,and 18 CIA mice that were successfully modelled were randomly di-vided into the model group,the plaster group(1.0 g/kg),and the fuselage group(0.12 g per time)ac-cording to the random number table method,6 mice in each group,and each administered group was given medication according to the body mass,and saline was given to both the normal and model groups.The normal group and the model group were given saline,and breathable adhesive paper was applied once a day for 4 h/session for 4 consec-utive weeks.The arthritis scoring index was used to observe the changes of arthritis symptoms and ar-thritis index scores of mice in each group.Micro-CT was used to observe the damage of hind paw of mice,real-time fluorescence PCR was used to de-tect the mRNA expression of IL-17,IL-1β and TNF-αin ankle joint tissues,and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of OPG and RANKL proteins in ankle joint tissues,and hematox-ylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the pathological changes of synovial tissues after the treatment.The pathological changes of synovial tis-sue were observed after hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,and the changes of osteoclasts in ankle joint tissue were observed by anti-tartaric acid phosphatase(TRAP)method.RESULTS:Compared with the normal group,the arthritis index score of the model mice was significantly higher(P＜0.05).Micro-CT showed severe bone erosion in the hind paws of the mice,destruction of the bone surface and reduction of bone volume.The expression of IL-17,IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA(PCR)in the ankle joint tissues was significantly higher(P＜0.05).Im-munohistochemistry showed that the relative ex-pression of OPG protein in the ankle joint tissues was reduced(P＜0.05).Immunohistochemistry showed a decrease in the relative expression of OPG protein(P＜0.01)and an increase in the rela-tive expression of RANKL protein(P＜0.01).HE re-sults showed moderate inflammatory cell infiltra-tion,swelling of synovial cells,massive formation of vascular opacities and synovial hyperplasia;an increase in the number of osteoclasts,roughness of the surface of articular cartilage tissue,severe bone destruction and thinning of the cartilage lay-er.Compared with the model group,the arthritic symptoms of mice in the cream group and the futa-lin group were relieved and the arthritis index score was reduced;the bone density of the mice's hind paws improved,effectively relieving osteopo-rosis;the expression of IL-17,IL-1β and TNF-αmRNA(PCR)in the ankle joint tissue was signifi-cantly reduced(P＜0.05);the immunohistochemical results showed that the relative expression of OPG protein was increased(P＜0.05),the relative expres-sion of RANKL protein decreased(P＜0.01).HE re-sults showed that synovial cell enlargement was significantly improved,mild inflammatory cell infil-tration,synovial hyperplasia was not obvious;the number of broken bone was reduced,articular car-tilage destruction was significantly improved and relieved,and the thickness of cartilage layer was significantly increased.CONCLUSION:Ancestral hemp poultice relieves local symptoms of RA,re-duces the expression of inflammatory factors and attenuates the inflammatory response,possibly by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and activation through modulation of the OPG/RANKL signalling axis,which further ameliorates the biological ef-fects of articular bone and cartilage destruction.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the current status， hotspots and development trends of research on the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）， providing reference for subsequent research. METHODS Searching the Web of Science database， the literature related to the treatment of NAFLD from the establishment of the database to December 31， 2022 were collected. CiteSpace 6.1.R6 was used to construct a visual atlas， perform collaborative network analysis on authors， countries and institutions， and conduct keyword co-occurrence， clustering and emergence analysis to explore its research status and hotspots. RESULTS A total of 3 882 articles were included， and the number of publications had been increasing year by year. The top three countries in terms of publication volume were China， the United States， and Japan. The author with the highest volume of publications was Sanyal from the United States （37 articles）， while the institution with the highest volume of publications was the University of California， San Diego （75 articles）. A closely connected research team abroad mainly conducted large-scale randomized controlled trials （RCT） to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of various interventions， including medication and lifestyle， in treating NAFLD. However， domestic researches mainly focused on basic researches about the treatment of NAFLD with effective medicinal ingredients， and were characterized by traditional Chinese medicine. There were relatively few high-quality large-scale RCT studies related to it. Keyword analysis showed that researches in various countries mainly focused on regulating liver oxidative stress and inflammation， improving the overall balance of glucose and lipid metabolism. Except for hypoglycemic drugs， drugs that act on various comprehensive metabolic homeostasis targets in the body had entered clinical research， and had enormous therapeutic potential. CONCLUSIONS The research on NAFLD treatment continues to grow in popularity and tends to research targets and drugs for regulating systemic metabolic homeostasis. As the main force of research， China should strengthen communication with the international community， grasp the trends and directions of basic research， attach importance to clinical research， and continuously tap the therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective:To evaluate the value of autologous platelet-rich plasma (aPRP) separation-retransfusion for blood conservation in the patients undergoing thoracolumbar laminectomy.Methods:Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 18-60 yr, with body mass index of 19-30 kg/m 2, scheduled for elective thoracolumbar laminectomy, were divided into 2 groups ( n=30 each) using a random number table method: conventional blood conservation group (group C) and aPRP blood conservation group (group aPRP). Group C received tranexamic acid and autologous blood salvage-retransfusion. Group aPRP received aPRP separation-retransfusion, tranexamic acid and autologous blood salvage-retransfusion. The volume of allogeneic blood transfused, percentage of patients who did not need the allogeneic blood transfusion and adverse reactions were recorded. Venous blood samples were collected for blood routine examination and for determination of the plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 at 1 day before operation (T 0), when the volume of blood loss reached 500 ml (T 1), immediately after surgery (T 2), and at 24 and 48 h after surgery (T 3, 4). The incidence of hypoxemia and amount of 24-h wound drainage were recorded. Results:Compared with group C, the amount of allogeneic red blood cells, plasma transfused and 24-h wound drainage were significantly decreased ( P<0.05), the percentage of patients who did not need the allogeneic red blood cell and plasma transfusion was increased (30% vs 47%, 10% vs 60%, P<0.05), the plasma concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 at T 2-4 were significantly decreased ( P<0.05), and the incidence of hypoxemia in PACU was decreased in group aPRP (27% vs 10%, P<0.05). Conclusions:aPRP separation-retransfusion can provide marked improvement in conventional blood conservation in the patients undergoing thoracolumbar laminectomy.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between common functional gastrointestinal diseases symptoms with psychological factors, diet and lifestyles by using the network analysis method which has achieved great success in the field of psychology in recent years.Method:A questionnaire survey was conducted in two military units using the cluster sampling method during July 2020, and a total of 1 805 subjects were included. Functional gastrointestinal disease symptoms were evaluated with the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS). The state, trait anxiety scale and stress response scale were used to evaluate the mental and psychological state by self-evaluation. R was used to build the network and calculate statistical parameters.Results:1 486 of the 1 805 subjects (82.3%) had experienced functional gastrointestinal diseases symptoms within 2 weeks, but most of them were mild. Network analysis shows that there was a strong interaction between digestive system symptoms with different clinical manifestations (Spearman coefficient ranges 0.31-0.56). There was a clear relationship between functional gastrointestinal symptoms and mental and psychological factors (Spearman coefficient ranges 0.16-0.27), but there was no clear interaction with diet, age, education level, body mass index, etc. Functional gastrointestinal diseases symptoms were connected with mental and psychological factors through two nodes: stress and indigestion. The stability coefficient of node strength correlation was 0.75, indicating that the network was stable.Conclusions:The current study revealed the network structure and features of functional gastrointestinal diseases symptoms with mental and psychological factors. The key linking nodes provided potential interfering target for controlling functional gastrointestinal symptoms related to mental and psychological factors.

Objective:To evaluate the optimization strategy of anesthesia for liver cancer resection using serratus anterior plane block-posterior rectus sheath block-general anesthesia.Methods:One hundred patients, aged 30-64 yr, with body mass index of 18-30 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ, with liver function Child-Pugh grade A or B, scheduled for elective liver cancer resection under general anesthesia, were divided into serratus anterior plane block combined with posterior rectus sheath block group (group S, n=50) and thoracic paravertebral block group (group T, n=50) using a random number table method.Ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane block (20 ml) combined with posterior rectus sheath block (10 ml) was performed using 0.375% ropivacaine in group S. Ultrasound-guided paravertebral block was performed at T 7 and T 9(15 ml for each site) with 0.375% ropivacaine in group T. Anesthesia was induced with intravenous midazolam, propofol, sufentanil and cisatracurium and maintained with intravenous infusion of propofol and remifentanil and intermittent intravenous boluses of cisatracurium.BIS value was maintained at 40-60 during operation.Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) was performed with sufentanil and flurbiprofen at the end of operation, and oxycodone 5 mg was intravenously injected as rescue analgesic when the VAS score>3.The onset time and operation time of nerve block were recorded.The intraoperative consumption of sufentanil and remifentanil and occurrence of cardiovascular events within 30 min after skin incision were recorded.The effective pressing times of PCA and requirement for rescue analgesia within 48 h after operation were recorded.The recovery quality was measured using the 40-item quality of recovery questionnaire at 24 h before surgery and 24 and 48 h after surgery.Peripheral venous blood samples were collected at 24 h before surgery and 24 h and 7 days after surgery to determine the concentrations of interleukin-17 and interferon-gamma in serum.The postoperative time to first flatus, first ambulation time, and length of hospital stay were recorded.The nausea and vomiting, respiratory depression, skin itching, puncture site infection, pneumothorax and other adverse reactions were recorded within 48 h after operation. Results:Compared with group T, the operation time of nerve block was significantly shortened, the incidence of intraoperative hypotension was decreased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the onset time of nerve block, intraoperative consumption of sufentanil and remifentanil, postoperative requirement for rescue analgesia, effective pressing times of PCA, time to first flatus, first ambulation time, and length of hospital stay, and 40-item quality of recovery scores and serum concentrations of interleukin-17 and interferon-gamma at each time point in group S ( P>0.05). No postoperative adverse reactions were found in either group. Conclusions:Compared with thoracic paravertebral nerve block combined with general anesthesia, serratus anterior plane block-posterior rectus sheath block-general anesthesia has shorter operation time and lower incidence of intraoperative hypotension when used for liver cancer resection.

Objective:To determine the median effective dose (ED 50) of esketamine for preoperative sedation in different aged pediatric patients. Methods:Pediatric patients, aged 1-6 yr, of American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ, with the preoperative parental Separation Anxiety Scale (PSAS) score ≥3, undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia, were selected.According to the age, the children were divided into 1 yr≤age<4 yr low-age group (group L) and 4 yr≤age< 6 yr high-age group (group H). Esketamine 0.5 mg/kg was intravenously injected in the first child in each group.The dose in the next child was determined according to PSAS scores, and the two consecutive dose gradient was 0.1 mg/kg; when the PSAS score in the previous child was ≥3, the dose in the next child was increased; when the PSAS score in the previous child was< 3, the dose in the next child was decreased until appearance of 7 turning points, and then the experiment was terminated.The ED 50 and 95% confidence interval of esketamine for preoperative sedation were calculated by probit analysis. Results:A total of 54 children were enrolled in this study, including 26 cases in group L and 28 cases in group H. The ED 50 and 95% confidence interval of esketamine were 0.413 (0.314-0.530) mg/kg and 0.282 (0.252-0.318) mg/kg in group L and group H, respectively.Compared with group L, ED 50 of esketamine was significantly decreased in group H ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The ED 50 of esketamine for preoperative sedation is 0.413 mg/kg in pediatric patients of 1 yr≤age<4 yr old and 0.282 mg/kg in those of 4 yr≤age<6 yr old, and the efficacy of esketamine for preoperative sedation increases with age.