ObjectiveTo compare the regulatory effects of five plant polysaccharides on immune function of cyclophosphamide （CTX）-induced immunosuppressed mice by network Meta-analysis， to provide evidence for the clinical application of polysaccharides and the development of effective polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. MethodSeven databases including PubMed， Embase and Web of Science were searched， and studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the risk of bias tool of Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation （SYRCLE）， and the data were analyzed using RStudio and StataSE 17. ResultA total of 62 randomized controlled trials （RCTs） were included， involving 1 512 mice and five plant polysaccharides： Astragalus polysaccharide （APS）， lentinan （LNT）， Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide （GLP）， Poria cocos polysaccharide （PCC）， and Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide （CPP）. The network Meta-analysis showed that APS ranked first in increasing spleen index （mean deviation （MD）=3.54， 95% confidence interval （CI） ［2.10， 5.96］）， thymus index （MD=1.98， 95%CI ［1.55， 2.54］） and T helper cells （CD4⁺）/T suppressor cells （CD8⁺） （MD=1.63， 95%CI ［1.13， 2.37］）， while CPP ranked first in up-regulating the number of peripheral blood leukocytes （MD=24.16， 95%CI ［8.21， 71.12］）， macrophage phagocytosis index （MD=2.52， 95%CI ［1.32， 4.82］） and immunoglobulin M （IgM） content （MD=1.79， 95%CI ［1.12， 2.85］）. ConclusionAll the five plant polysaccharides can regulate the immune function of immunosuppressed mice. Among them， APS has advantages in elevating spleen index， thymus index and CD4⁺/CD8⁺， while CPP focuses on increasing the number of peripheral blood leukocytes， macrophage phagocytosis index and IgM content. Due to limited number and quality of included studies， the conclusions needs to be further verified with large samples and high-quality studies.

Objective To express the monkeypox virus (MPXV) A23R protein in Escherichia coli and purify by Ni-NTA affinity column, and to prepare mouse antiserum against MPXV A23R. Methods The recombinant plasmid pET-28a-MPXV-A23R was constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 to induce the expression of A23R protein. After optimizing the conditions of expression, A23R protein was highly expressed. Recombinant A23R protein was purified by Ni-NTA affinity column and identified by Western blot analysis. The purified protein was used to immunize mice for preparing the A23R polyclonal antibody, and the antibody titer was detected by ELISA. Results The expression of A23R recombinant protein reached the peak under the induced conditions of 0.6 mmol/L isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG), 37 DegreesCelsius and 20 hours. The purity of the protein was about 96.07% and was identified by Western blot analysis. The mice were immunized with recombinant protein, and the titer of antibody reached 1:102 400 at the 6th week after immunization. Conclusion MPXV A23R is expressed highly and purified with a high purity and its antiserum from mouse is obtained with a high titre.
Animals ; Mice ; Monkeypox virus ; Antibodies ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Blotting, Western ; Recombinant Proteins ; Escherichia coli/genetics*

Objective: To investigate craniofacial differences in individuals with hypodontia and explore the relationship between craniofacial features and the number of congenitally missing teeth. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 261 Chinese patients (males, 124; females, 137; age, 7–24 years), divided into four groups (without hypodontia: no teeth missing, mild: one or two missing teeth, moderate: three to five missing teeth, severe: six or more missing teeth) according to the number of congenitally missing teeth. Differences in cephalometric measurements among the groups were analyzed. Further, multivariate linear regression and smooth curve fitting were performed to evaluate the relationship between the number of congenitally missing teeth and the cephalometric measurements. Results: In patients with hypodontia, SNA, NA-AP, FH-NA, ANB, Wits, ANS-Me/N-Me, GoGn-SN, UL-EP, and LL-EP significantly decreased, while Pog-NB, AB-NP, N-ANS, and S-Go/N-Me significantly increased. In multivariate linear regression analysis, SNB, Pog-NB, and S-Go/N-Me were positively related to the number of congenitally missing teeth. In contrast, NA-AP, FH-NA, ANB, Wits, N-Me, ANS-Me, ANS-Me/N-Me, GoGn-SN, SGn-FH (Y-axis), UL-EP, and LL-EP were negatively related, with absolute values of regression coefficients ranging from 0.147 to 0.357. Further, NA-AP, Pog-NB, S-Go/N-Me, and GoGn-SN showed the same tendency in both sexes, whereas UL-EP and LL-EP were different. Conclusions Compared with controls, patients with hypodontia tend toward a Class III skeletal relationship, reduced lower anterior face height, flatter mandibular plane, and more retrusive lips. The number of congenitally missing teeth had a greater effect on certain characteristics of craniofacial morphology in males than in females.

Objective:To summarize clinical characteristics of and treatment experience with patients with critical illnesses in a dermatological ward.Methods:All patients with serious or life-threatening conditions, who were hospitalized at the dermatological ward of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from July 9, 2011 to December 31, 2020, were collected, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic characteristics, disease types and proportions, main complications, causes of serious or life-threatening conditions, important treatment measures and outcomes were summarized, and causes of death were also analyzed and discussed.Results:A total of 1 057 patients with critical illnesses were collected, with a male-to-female ratio of 1∶1.11, and 64.81% of them aged 18 to 65 years. The types of diseases mainly included drug eruptions (332 cases) , connective tissue diseases (226 cases) , bullous skin diseases (104 cases) , psoriasis (57 cases) , erythroderma (45 cases) , infectious skin diseases (67 cases) , etc. Among them, psoriasis (39 cases) and erythroderma (32 cases) mostly occurred in males, and connective tissue diseases (168 cases) mostly occurred in females. Common complications mainly involved infections, important organ damage or dysfunction, hypoalbuminemia, and fluid, electrolyte and acid-base imbalances. A total of 94 patients were diagnosed with life-threatening conditions, which were found to be mainly caused by primary skin diseases, hematologic abnormalities, respiratory failure, nervous system abnormalities, renal failure, sepsis, fluid, electrolyte and acid-base imbalances, etc. During the management of critical illnesses, 43 patients were treated with high-dose glucocorticoid pulse therapy, 264 were treated with gamma-globulin pulse therapy, 355 were transfused with other blood products, and 34 received special therapies such as hemoperfusion/immunoadsorption therapy, plasma exchange, dialysis, artificial liver support therapy; 42 patients were transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) , 12 were transferred to the department of surgery for operations, and 12 were transferred to the department of obstetrics and gynecology for delivery or induction of labor. After treatment, 989 patients (93.57%) achieved improvement and were discharged. A total of 14 patients (1.32%) died, of whom 7 died of secondary sepsis, 2 died of severe pulmonary infections, 2 died of asphyxia caused by respiratory mucosa shedding-induced airway obstruction, the other 3 died of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage and neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus, respectively.Conclusions:Critical cases in the dermatological ward mainly suffered from serious skin diseases such as severe drug eruptions, connective tissue diseases and bullous skin diseases, as well as complications such as severe underlying diseases, severe organ dysfunction, sepsis or severe fluid, electrolyte and acid-base imbalances. In terms of treatment, it is of critical significance to make a clear diagnosis and assess the severity of disease as early as possible, monitor and prevent possible complications, and to consult with specialists in relevant disciplines in time.

Since the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV or officially named by the World Health Organization as COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in 2019, there have been a few reports of its imaging findings. Here, we report two confirmed cases of 2019-nCoV pneumonia with chest computed tomography findings of multiple regions of patchy consolidation and ground-glass opacities in both lungs. These findings were characteristically located along the bronchial bundle or subpleural lungs.
China ; Coronavirus ; Lung ; Pneumonia ; Thorax ; World Health Organization

Objective: Yingying, Email: yywdentist@163.com, Tel: 86⁃28⁃85503579 【Abstract】 Objective To explore the effect of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 on the regulation of bone metabolism in a high⁃glucose environment and to provide evidence for the possible regulatory mechanism of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 on osteoblasts in a high⁃glu⁃ cose environment. Methods: The osteoblast cell line MC3T3⁃E1 was cultured in 3 groups: ① control group, cultured in low⁃glucose (5.5 mmol/L) DMEM; ② high⁃glucose group: cultured in high⁃glucose (22 mmol/L) DMEM; ③ high⁃glu⁃ cose +1,25(OH) 2 D 3 group: high⁃glucose DMEM + 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 medium culture. The CCK⁃8 method was used to detect cell proliferation in each group; Annexin V and FITC apoptosis kits were used to detect apoptosis; Alizarin red was used to semiquantitatively analyze cell differentiation; qRT⁃PCR was used to detect forkhead transcription factor⁃1 (forkhead transcription factor 1, FoxO1) mRNA expression. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the changes in FoxO1 pro⁃ tein expression and its relative position in the nucleus. Results: ence was used to observe the changes in FoxO1 pro⁃ tein expression and its relative position in the nucleus. Results Our analysis showed that compared with those in the control group, the osteoblast apoptosis and proliferation in the high⁃glucose group were improved, while differentiation was inhibited (P < 0.05); at the same time, the mRNA expression of FoxO1(P = 0.006) was reduced. The immunofluores⁃ cence results showed that more FoxO1 was inside the nucleus (P < 0.001). Compared with those in the high⁃glucose group, excessive proliferation was inhibited, apoptosis was reduced, and osteogenic differentiation was improved in the high⁃glucose +1,25(OH) 2 D 3 group (P < 0.05); furthermore, FoxO1 mRNA was decreased (P = 0.006), and the transfer of FoxO1 protein was blocked (P < 0.001). Conclusion re, FoxO1 mRNA was decreased (P = 0.006), and the transfer of FoxO1 protein was blocked (P < 0.001). Conclusion We found that 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 may prevent the transfer of FoxO1 to the cell nucleus, inhibit the abnormal proliferation and apoptosis of osteoblasts in a high⁃glucose environment, and re⁃ verse the inhibitory effect of high glucose on the differentiation of osteoblasts.

Objective To explore the possibities of routine disinfection for prosthetic sockets. Methods From June to August, 2016, 19 lower limbs prosthesis wearers wiped their prosthetic socket surfaces and sprayed the stump socks with a compound of quaternary ammoni-um salt every night for three weeks. Meanwhile, field investigation and sampling were carried out weekly. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudo-monas aeruginosa, Escherichia Coli and Candida albicans were isolated and identified, and colony counting was carried out. Results After disinfection, the number of bacteria on the prosthetic socket reduced 1.8-3.0 log, and the number of fungi reduced 1.6-1.9 log. One strain of Staphylococcus aureus and one strain of Escherichia Coli were isolated before disinfection and one strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated after disinfection. Eczema and itching symptoms relieved or disappeared and deodorant effect was distinguished after continuous disinfection. Conclusion Disinfection on prosthetic sockets with compound of quaternary ammonium salt may control the microbial contam-ination and odor, reduce the incidence of eczema and other skin diseases.

Objective To investigate the duodenum absorptive character of monosialotetrahexosylganglioside sodium (GM1) in rats.Methods The contents of phenolsulfonphthalein (as indicators) and GM1 were determined with ultraviolet-visible (UV) method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method in rats with in situ cycle intestinal perfusion model.Results The ratio of duodenum absorption of GM1 was 10％ in 2 h after cycle and 22％ in 6 h after cycle,respectively.The Ka was (0.030± 0.012)h,and absorption t1/2 was (25.50 ± 8.56)h in 8 h after cycle.Conclusions GM1 is absorption in rat duodenum,and the accumulate absorption of GM1 is almost linearly related to the cycle time.The absorption dynamics of GM1 may be first-order kinetic process.

BACKGROUND:Nowadays, growth factors are commonly used to induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. However, this is a high-cost method with a great amount of growth factors. In addition, the chondrogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells wil decrease significantly with increasing times of culture. OBJECTIVE:To observe the directed differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells co-cultured with human synovial fluid. METHODS:Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured by adherence screening method. The synovial fluid of the knee was aspirated from healthy volunteers by aseptic operation. Passage 3 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were co-cultured with the fol owing media:synovial fluid+complete medium;synovial fluid+bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells+complete medium;bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells+complete medium. The morphology and growth of the cells were observed under an inverted microscope every day. At days 7, 14 and 21 of induction, toluidine blue staining and immunocytochemical staining were performed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After co-culture with human synovial fluid, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells proliferated slowly, and varied from fusiform to oval or polygonal;toluidine blue and col agen II staining were positive. These findings indicate that the synovial fluid has a positive role in the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The synovial fluid may contain substances that promote the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Objective To investigate the NAD+ - dependent protein deacetylase SIRT1 expression in the cochlea of C57BL/6 mice ,a mouse model of age - related hearing loss(AHL) .Methods A total of 46 C57BL/6 mice were used ,and were divided into 2 groups ;according the age ,there were young group (1 ~ 2 months old ,23 mice) and old group (12 ~ 16 months old ,23 mice) .ABR measurements were performed on young and old C57BL/6 mice . The expression of SIRT1 in the cochlea was detected by qRT - PCR and immunofluorescence .Results The ABR thresholds in the old mice(4 kHz :82 .7 ± 7 .32 dB SPL ,8 kHz :80 .9 ± 7 .8 dB SPL ,16 kHz :89 .3 ± 5 .5 dB SPL ,32 kHz :89 .9 ± 4 dB SPL) were significantly higher than those in the young C57BL/6 mice(4 kHz :52 .1 ± 8 .3 dB SPL ,8 kHz :40 .5 ± 6 .1 dB SPL ,16 kHz :50 .7 ± 9 .4 dB SPL ,32 kHz :57 .6 ± 11 .9 dB SPL)(P < 0 .001) .SIRT1 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in the cochlea of old C57BL/6 mice in comparison with young mice ( P <0 .01) .SIRT1 protein was abundantly expressed in the inner hair cells ,outer hair cells ,supporting cells ,strial marginal cells ,strial intermediated cells ,and spiral ganglion neurons .The positive area and the average flourescence intensity of SIRT1 protein were reduced in old C57BL/6 mice(P< 0 .001) .Conclusion The down - regulation of SIRT1 mRNA and protein expression in the older C57BL/6 mouse cochlea may be correlated with the pathogenesis of AHL .