With the improvement in the accuracy and portability of three-dimensional facial imaging de-vices,and the rapid development of medical image recognition technology in artificial intelligence,the analysis and automatic recognition of three-dimensional facial characteristics of diseases have been widely applied in multiple fields such as endocrine metabolic disorders,chronic respiratory diseases,neuromuscular diseases,ge-netic syndromes,and plastic surgery.We aim to systematically review and summarize the current research status and development trends of three-dimensional facial photogrammetry and image analysis techniques in disease di-agnosis,assessment of prognosis and treatment efficacy,in order to provide references and insights for scientific research and clinical applications of this field.

Objective To develop a composite nutritional preparation that can effectively improve exercise performance under calorie restriction(CR)condition.Methods A total of 24 male C57BL/6J mice(weighing 23～26 g,8 weeks old)were randomly divided into control group(CON),CR,CR+basal nutrient group(CRN1),and CR+compound nutrient group(CRN2).All groups underwent moderate-intensity running training 5 d per week,for totally 3 weeks.The grip strength of the forelimbs were measured weekly,and in 3 weeks after training,exhaustion and post-exhaustion distance tests were conducted to evaluate exercise performance.Blood biochemical indicators,levels of skeletal muscle and liver redox biomarkers,and histopathological conditions were measured and observed.Results After 21 d of intervention,the CR group and CRN1 group had the post-exhaustion running distance prolonged by 278%and 289%,respectively,reduced blood glucose level,and decreased muscle mass,subcutaneous fat and epididymal fat mass when compared with the CON group(P<0.05).Compared with the CON group,the CRN1 and CRN2 groups demonstrated significantly higher gastrocnemius glycogen content.The CRN2 group obtained even longer post-exhaustion distance(increased by 52%and 36%respectively,compared with the CON group and CRN1 group,P<0.05),enhanced grip strength of the forelimbs(raised by 9%,17%and 15%,respectively than the CON,CR and CRN1 groups,P<0.05),elevated brown fat mass(compared to the CON group and CRN1 group,P<0.05),increased blood glucose level(compared to the CRN1 group,P<0.05),decreased blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level(compared to the CON and CR groups,P<0.05),and increased glutathione peroxidase content in the gastrocnemius muscle(compared to the CON group,P<0.05).Conclusion Supplementing with compound nutritional supplements in mice under CR can promote exercise performance,including improving fatigue recovery after exhaustive exercise and enhancing forelimb grip strength.

Objective:This study aimed to propose an innovative modular surgical technique and explore its safety and application value in laparoscopic total gastrectomy combined with spleen-preserving hilar lymphadenectomy for advanced proximal gastric cancer invading the greater curvature.Methods:A retrospective collection was conducted on 34 patients with proximal gastric cancer invading the greater curvature who underwent laparoscopic total gastrectomy combined with spleen-preserving hilar lymphadenectomy in the same center from October 2020 to December 2022. The technical key points, precautions and crucial steps of the modular surgical technique were summarized, and the Clinical indicators were analyzed.Results:All 34 patients successfully completed the operation under laparoscopy without conversion to open surgery. The average operation duration was 151.9±4.1 minutes, and the duration of splenic hilar lymphadenectomy was 12.9±1.5 minutes. The median intraoperative blood loss was 50(20, 50) ml, and the blood loss during splenic hilar lymphadenectomy was 5 (2, 5) ml. The median number of harvested lymph nodes was 32.0 (23.5,39.5), and the number of submitted No.10 lymph nodes was 3 (2, 4). The metastasis rate of No.10 lymph nodes was 20.6% (7/34). No patient had intraoperative complications. During the postoperative hospital stay, one patient had incision infection (Clavien-Dindo I), and one patient had pulmonary infection (Clavien-Dindo II). The time for the first postoperative feeding was 3 (2, 5) days, the time for the first postoperative flatus was 2 (2,3) days, the time for the first postoperative defecation was 3 (3, 4) days, the total postoperative drainage volume was 1047.5 (607.5,1397.5) mL, the time for postoperative drainage tube removal was 7 (6, 9) days, and the length of postoperative hospital stay was 7.0 (6.0, 9.5) days.Conclusions:The application of the innovative modular surgical technique in laparoscopic total gastrectomy combined with spleen-preserving hilar lymphadenectomy can simplify surgical process and enable safe, precise and comprehensive dissection of splenic hilar lymph nodes.

Objective:To analyze the correlation between 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and early renal function impairment in patients with primary hypertension.Methods:This cross-sectional study included patients with primary hypertension who were admitted to the Department of Cardiology of the Chinese People′s Liberation Army General Hospital between January 2021 and October 2024. Patients were divided into low-sodium, medium-sodium, and high-sodium groups based on their 24-hour urinary sodium excretion. General clinical data were collected using the electronic medical record system. Urinary sodium, protein, and microalbumin excretion were analyzed from 24-hour urine samples. Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and urinary microalbumin excretion. A multiple linear regression model was used to further assess the independent association between these variables. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on age were performed to determine whether age influenced the relationship between urinary sodium excretion and renal function impairment.Results:A total of 1 065 patients with primary hypertension were included, with a mean age of (55.26±14.06) years, including 568(53.33%) males. The low-sodium, medium-sodium, and high-sodium groups included 223, 579, and 263 patients, respectively. The 24-hour urinary microalbumin excretion in the high-sodium group was significantly higher than in the medium-sodium and low-sodium groups, and this trend remained consistent across different age groups (all P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and urinary microalbumin excretion ( r=0.220, P<0.001), and this relationship was observed in all age groups (all P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis confirmed an independent association between 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and urinary microalbumin excretion (all P<0.001), which persisted across different age groups (all P<0.05). Conclusion:In patients with primary hypertension, 24-hour urinary sodium excretion is closely associated with microalbumin excretion, suggesting a potential link to early renal function impairment.

Polymyxin serves as the"last line of defense"for treating infection with multidrug-resistant Gram-ne-gative bacteria.However,the emergence and spread of polymyxin-resistant genes such as mcr-1 severely weakens its clinical efficacy.This paper systematically summarizes the antimicrobial and resistance mechanisms of polymy-xin,comprehensively summarizes the current research progresses in polymyxin sensitizers particular focusing on three aspects:natural compounds,synthetic small molecules,and drug repurposing.Furthermore,this paper explores the innovative strategies of gene intervention,new targets,and nanotechnology-based formulations in the develop-ment of sensitizer,aiming to provide systematic theoretical support and research ideas against polymyxin resistance.

Poly amino acids are a class of polymers composed of α-amino acids as structural units linked by peptide bonds, exhibiting structural similarity to natural proteins. This class can be degraded into polypeptides, amino acids, and small molecules, demonstrating unique advantages in the field of bone repair. Various functionalized amino acid monomers and their polymerization methods have been developed, primarily including ring-opening polymerization, polycondensation, enzymatic catalysis, and solid-phase synthesis. These methods enable the polymerization of poly glutamic acid, poly lysine, poly aspartic acid, and others into polypeptides to meet the requirements for bone injury repair. However, as the number of amino acids increases and the polypeptide chains extend, molecular chains can form secondary structures such as α-helices and β-sheets through non-covalent interactions like hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. These structures play a decisive role in the bioactivity and functionality of poly(amino acid). Therefore, the function of poly(amino acid) is highly dependent on its monomer composition, sequence, secondary structure, and charge characteristics, allowing precise design to effectively regulate biological effects. Nevertheless, the major challenges in applying poly (amino acid) to bone defect repair remain unresolved, namely scalable production and long-term safety and efficacy. It is believed that, with interdisciplinary integration, a new generation of poly(amino acid) materials, combining excellent properties, bioactivity, and smart-responsive traits, is expected to advance bone repair strategies toward precision, personalization, and efficiency.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and prognostic outcomes of patients infected with Listeria monocytogenes, thereby providing evidence-based insights for the prevention and control of this disease.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data, diagnostic tests, treatment protocols, and prognostic outcomes of patients definitively diagnosed with Listeria monocytogenes infection at Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital over the past decade. Additionally, a comprehensive literature review was conducted, encompassing studies published between 2014 and 2024, sourced from CNKI, Wanfang Data, and PubMed. This review focused on summarizing the clinical features, treatment regimens, and prognostic outcomes of patients with Listeria monocytogenes infection.Results:The study cohort comprised 17 patients, with a mean age of (61.29 ± 16.24) years. The confirmed cases included 7 cases of bloodstream infections, 3 cases of central nervous system infections, and 7 cases of combined infections. Sepsis developed in 9 patients. The average time from symptom onset to the initiation of empirical antibiotic therapy was 72 hours, while the mean time to definitive diagnosis was 102 hours. Antimicrobial regimens predominantly featured penicillins, meropenem, and vancomycin. The average hospitalization duration was 16 days, with 9 patients experiencing adverse outcomes. A total of 78 relevant literature pieces were retrieved, encompassing data from 85 patients. The average age of these patients was (57.96 ± 16.48) years. Primary diagnostic methods relied on blood/cerebrospinal fluid cultures and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Treatment regimens primarily involved antibiotics such as penicillins, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, and glycopeptides. Despite these interventions, the proportion of patients with poor prognosis remained significantly high at 30.6% (26/85). Logistic regression analysis identified sepsis and delayed antibiotic administration as independent predictors of poor prognosis.Conclusions:Listeriosis, caused by an opportunistic pathogen, necessitates early antibiotic administration and timely identification of at-risk populations to mitigate the risk of poor prognostic outcomes in patients.

Hypercholesterolemia is a significant risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. 2',3',5'-Tri-O-acetyl-N ⁶-(3-hydroxyphenyl) adenosine (IMM-H007), a novel AMPK agonist, has shown protective effects in metabolic diseases. However, its impact on cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism in hypercholesterolemia remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the effects and specific mechanisms by which IMM-H007 regulates cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism. To achieve this goal, we used Apoe ^-/- and Ldlr ^-/- mice to establish a hypercholesterolemia/atherosclerosis model. Additionally, hepatocyte-specific Ampka1/2 knockout mice were subjected to a 5-week high-cholesterol diet to establish hypercholesterolemia, while atherosclerosis was induced via AAV-PCSK9 injection combined with a 16-week high-cholesterol diet. Our results demonstrated that IMM-H007 improved cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism in mice with hypercholesterolemia. Mechanistically, IMM-H007 modulated the AMPKα1/2-LDLR signaling pathway, increasing cholesterol uptake in the liver. Furthermore, IMM-H007 activated the AMPKα1-FXR pathway, promoting the conversion of hepatic cholesterol to bile acids. Additionally, IMM-H007 prevented hepatic steatosis by activating the AMPKα1/2-ATGL pathway. In conclusion, our study suggests that IMM-H007 is a promising therapeutic agent for improving hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis through the activation of AMPKα.

The ambiguity of etiology makes temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) "difficult-to-treat". Emerging evidence underscores the therapeutic promise of exosomes in osteoarthritis management. Nonetheless, challenges such as low yields and insignificant efficacy of current exosome therapies necessitate significant advances. Addressing lower strontium (Sr) levels in arthritic synovial microenvironment, we studied the effect of Sr element on exosomes and miRNA selectively loading in synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs). Here, we developed an optimized system that boosts the yield of SMSC-derived exosomes (SMSC-EXOs) and improves their miRNA profiles with an elevated proportion of beneficial miRNAs, while reducing harmful ones by pretreating SMSCs with Sr. Compared to untreated SMSC-EXOs, Sr-pretreated SMSC-derived exosomes (Sr-SMSC-EXOs) demonstrated superior therapeutic efficacy by mitigating chondrocyte ferroptosis and reducing osteoclast-mediated joint pain in TMJOA. Our results illustrate Alix's crucial role in Sr-triggered miRNA loading, identifying miR-143-3p as a key anti-TMJOA exosomal component. Interestingly, this system is specifically oriented towards synovium-derived stem cells. The insight into trace element-driven, site-specific miRNA selectively loading in SMSC-EXOs proposes a promising therapeutic enhancement strategy for TMJOA.
MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects* ; Osteoarthritis/drug therapy* ; Exosomes/drug effects* ; Strontium/pharmacology* ; Synovial Membrane/cytology* ; Humans ; Animals ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/therapy* ; Temporomandibular Joint

The research on the mechanism of Chinese materia medica in the treatment of viral pneumonia (VP) is mainly based on the monomer components of Chinese materia medica and TCM compounds. Among them, the monomer components are mainly polyphenols, flavonoids and anthraquinones, which have anti-inflammatory, antiviral, immunomodulatory and antioxidant pharmacological effects. The efficacy of TCM compounds is mainly based on clearing heat, and it has the functions of removing phlegm, removing blood stasis, removing dampness, moistening lung and so on. The intervention of Chinese materia medica in VP mainly involves NF-κB, MAPK, JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt and other signaling pathways. The mechanism includes regulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, regulating immune function, inhibiting inflammatory response, etc., which can reduce the pathological damage of inflammatory cell infiltration and edema in lung tissue, and achieve the protective effect on lung tissue. The current research models exhibit unclear patterns of syndrome differentiation, and the mechanisms of Chinese materia medica involving multiple targets and pathways are poorly understood. Future research should integrate disease-syndrome combination models to further explore the mechanisms by which TCM regulates multiple targets and pathways, thereby providing insights and methodologies for the treatment of viral pneumonia with Chinese materia medica.