Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although surgery can cure some early-stage resectable patients, the postoperative recurrence rate remains as high as 30%-55%. Perioperative immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, which includes "neoadjuvant" therapy before surgery and "adjuvant" therapy after surgery, has significantly improved survival outcomes in resectable NSCLC patients. Large clinical studies, such as Checkmate 816, have demonstrated the superiority of neoadjuvant ICIs combined with chemotherapy in increasing the pathological complete response rate (pCR) and prolonging event-free survival (EFS). However, even with these advanced treatments, some patients do not achieve long-term benefits and experience early recurrence. This paper reviews the latest research progress of perioperative ICIs in NSCLC treatment, particularly the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in improving pCR and extending EFS. It further explores the recurrence patterns, resistance mechanisms, and potential biomarkers in NSCLC patients after neoadjuvant immunotherapy. By integrating basic research and clinical data, we analyze the mechanisms of early recurrence following perioperative immunotherapy and discuss future research directions and therapeutic strategies, providing new insights into precision treatment and recurrence prevention for NSCLC patients.

Objective: To investigate the antibody testing demand and its influencing factors among college students in Shaoxing City Zheijiang Province, so as to provide evidence for carrying out HIV antibody testing services for college students. Methods: From November to December 2022, stratified cluster random sampling method was used to survey college students from 13 colleges in Shaoxing City. Data on socio-demographic information, demand for HIV antibody testing, sexual behaviors, and HIV-related knowledge were collected through a self - designed questionnaire. Factors affecting HIV antibody demand among college students were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 43 716 college students were surveyed, including 19 471 males (44.54%) and 24 245 females (55.46%). There were 2 004 college students (4.58%) with HIV antibody testing demand. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that female students (OR=1.344, 95%CI: 1.217-1.485), those in undergraduate institutions (OR=1.296, 95%CI: 1.168-1.438), homosexuals (OR=1.742, 95%CI: 1.301-2.333) or bisexual/uncertain (OR=1.342, 95%CI: 1.171-1.537), those who had sexual experience (OR=1.416, 95%CI: 1.210-1.657), those who had sex with men in the past 6 months (OR=2.164, 95%CI: 1.405-3.333), those who received HIV testing promotion at school in the past year (OR=1.500, 95%CI: 1.327-1.695), and those with perceived risk of HIV infection (OR=5.875, 95%CI: 5.336-6.468) had greater HIV antibody testing demand. Conclusions The HIV testing demand among college students is associated with gender, school type, sexual orientation, sexual behaviors, HIV testing promotion, and perceived risk of HIV infection. It is recommended to strengthen HIV knowledge dissemination of AIDS knowledge and mobilization for HIV antibody testing in colleges to improve the accessibility of HIV antibody testing services.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and prognostic outcomes of patients infected with Listeria monocytogenes, thereby providing evidence-based insights for the prevention and control of this disease.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data, diagnostic tests, treatment protocols, and prognostic outcomes of patients definitively diagnosed with Listeria monocytogenes infection at Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital over the past decade. Additionally, a comprehensive literature review was conducted, encompassing studies published between 2014 and 2024, sourced from CNKI, Wanfang Data, and PubMed. This review focused on summarizing the clinical features, treatment regimens, and prognostic outcomes of patients with Listeria monocytogenes infection.Results:The study cohort comprised 17 patients, with a mean age of (61.29 ± 16.24) years. The confirmed cases included 7 cases of bloodstream infections, 3 cases of central nervous system infections, and 7 cases of combined infections. Sepsis developed in 9 patients. The average time from symptom onset to the initiation of empirical antibiotic therapy was 72 hours, while the mean time to definitive diagnosis was 102 hours. Antimicrobial regimens predominantly featured penicillins, meropenem, and vancomycin. The average hospitalization duration was 16 days, with 9 patients experiencing adverse outcomes. A total of 78 relevant literature pieces were retrieved, encompassing data from 85 patients. The average age of these patients was (57.96 ± 16.48) years. Primary diagnostic methods relied on blood/cerebrospinal fluid cultures and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Treatment regimens primarily involved antibiotics such as penicillins, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, and glycopeptides. Despite these interventions, the proportion of patients with poor prognosis remained significantly high at 30.6% (26/85). Logistic regression analysis identified sepsis and delayed antibiotic administration as independent predictors of poor prognosis.Conclusions:Listeriosis, caused by an opportunistic pathogen, necessitates early antibiotic administration and timely identification of at-risk populations to mitigate the risk of poor prognostic outcomes in patients.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of grade 3-4 multiple myeloma bone disease(MBD)in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma(NDMM)patients,and establish a risk prediction model based on a nomogram.Methods A total of 261 patients with NDMM who were treated in Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital from January 2015 to December 2021 were retrospectively selected.The patients were divided into group A(MBD grade 0-2,110 cases)and group B(MBD grade 3-4,151 cases)according to MBD grade at the time of initial diagnosis.Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors for grade 3-4 MBD in NDMM patients,and the risk prediction model was constructed.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used for comprehensive evaluation.Results Multivariate regression analysis showed that age,serum phosphorus,C-reactive protein(CRP),globulin(GLB)and bone marrow plasma cell percentage(BMPCp)were independent risk factors for grade 3-4 MBD in NDMM patients(P<0.05).Based on this,risk prediction model was constructed as follows:logit(P)=-15.092+0.107(age)+1.150(serum phosphorus)+0.057(CRP)+0.040(GLB)+0.212(BMPCp).There was no significant difference between the predicted probability and the actual incidence by the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test(P=0.770).The accuracy of the model in predicting grade 3-4 MBD in NDMM patients was 90.40%,and the area under the curve was 0.957(95%CI:0.932-0.981),indicating a reliable prediction ability.Conclusion Age,serum phosphorus,CRP,GLB and BMPCp were all independent risk factors for grade 3-4 MBD in NDMM patients,and the constructed risk prediction model has a relatively good predictive effect on the occurrence of grade 3-4 MBD in NDMM patients.

Objective:To investigate the effect and safety of the double-cross dressing technique for composite rhytidectomy.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on a total of 121 patients with face and neck ageing, who were admitted to the Facial and Neck Plastic Surgery Center, the Plastic Surgery Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from June 2020 to May 2023, all female with the age ranged 34-72 years old. All the patients underwent a full facial and neck composite rhytidectomy. Immediately after surgery, a double-cross bandaging was applied. The cotton pad was nested on the outer auricle, so that the front of the ear and the back of the ear were the first cross. This cross aimed to accurately pressurized the temporal, buccal region and postauricle flap. The second cross occurred at the radix. It secured composite tissue flap at the zygomatic arch and the buccal fat pad zone. Patient′s external auricle was not compressed after bandaging. The healing and the occurrence of complications were observed.Results:All the patients were satisfied with the comfort of the bandaging, the satisfied rate was 100% (121/121). All the patients had different degrees of periocular and perioral swelling 72 hours after surgery. Conjunctival edema and xanthochromia occurred in 30 patients, and oral mucosal congestion occurred in 25 patients, all of which were spontaneously resolved 2-4 weeks after surgery. Postoperative nursing was easily managed. There were no events such as dressing loosening, blocked draining tubes, and difficulty in replacing tubes. All the patients were followed up for 3-12 months after surgery, the flap in the postauricular area of all patients healed well, and there were no adverse complications such as wound infection, necrosis of the flap in the operative area, and delayed healing of the incision.Conclusion:The double-cross bandaging technique achieves the comfort bandaging and good protection of the face, which is safe and effective.

The cellular and molecular components of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and their information exchange processes significantly influence the trends of anti-tumor immunity. In recent years, numerous studies have begun to evaluate TIME in the context of previous cancer treatment strategies. This review will systematically summarize the compositional characteristics of TIME and, based on this foundation, explore the impact of current cancer therapies on the remodeling of TIME, aiming to provide new insights for the development of innovative immune combination therapies that can convert TIME into an anti-tumor profile.
Tumor Microenvironment/immunology* ; Humans ; Neoplasms/therapy* ; Immunotherapy/methods* ; Animals

Objective A survival outcome prediction model for postoperative pancreatic cancer patients was constructed by applying large-scale data based on the new version of American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)staging using different machine learning algorithms.Methods Based on the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)database,synthetic minority over-sampling technique(SMOTE)and synthetic minority over-sampling technique and edited nearest neighbors(SMOTE-ENN)algorithms were used to process unbalanced data,random forest,support vector machine,decision tree,and extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)algorithms were used to build and compare prognostic models,and Shapley additive explanation(SHAP)was introduced to interpret the models.Results The SMOTE-ENN combined with XGBoost model had the best performance(accuracy rate was 86.2％,precision rate was 95.2％,recall rate was 71.2％,F1 value was 0.762,area under the curve was 0.884,Brier score was 0.108).The calibration curve and decision curve respectively showed that this model had good calibration effect and high clinical application value.In addition,SHAP analysis showed that the most important impact on prognostic outcomes was N stage.Conclusion The XGBoost model has the best performance and can be used as a new high-performance postoperative prognosis prediction model under AJCC staging that conforms to the current clinical staging system,providing theoretical support for predicting postoperative patient survival outcomes and formulating personalized treatment plans.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of acupuncture on postoperative delirium (POD) in diabetic patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia.Methods:In this randomized controlled trial, 92 diabetic patients of either sex, aged 30-80 yr, with a body mass index of 18-28 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅱ or Ⅲ, scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=46 each) using a table of random numbers: control group (group C) and acupuncture group (group A). Group A received acupuncture at the Baihui (GV20), Shenting (GV24) and Sishencong (EX-HN1) acupoints before anesthesia. The needles were retained for 30 min, with manual stimulation applied every 10 min for 10 s each time. After 4 stimulations, routine anesthesia was carried out. Group C received routine anesthesia only. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation was recorded on admission to the operating room (T 0), after anesthesia induction (T 1), at the start of surgery (T 2), at the end of surgery (T 3), and immediately after tracheal extubation (T 4). The POD developed within 3 days after surgery was assessed. The occurrence of needle-related adverse effects such as fainting, subcutaneous bleeding, and local paresthesia was recorded. Results:Compared with group C, the incidence of POD was significantly reduced, and the regional cerebral oxygen saturation was increased at T 1, 4 in group A ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Acupuncture can decrease the development of POD in diabetic patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia, which is related to an increase in regional cerebral oxygen saturation.

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy and learning curve for robot-assisted cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screw fixation performed by surgeons with different seniority in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease.Methods:The clinical data of 91 lumbar degenerative disease patients underwent robot-assisted CBT screw fixation from August 2020 to December 2022 in Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 48 patients underwent surgery performed by the same senior surgeon (senior group), with a total of 234 CBT screws were placed; while 43 patients underwent surgery performed by the same junior surgeon (junior group), with a total of 206 CBT screws were placed. The surgical related indexes, functional improvement score, lower back pain and lower limb radiation pain scores, acceptable nail insertion rate, non invasion rate of facet joints and incidence of postoperative complications were compared between two groups. The functional improvement score was evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, the pain score was evaluated using visual analog score (VAS). The cumulative sum (CUSUM) method was used to depict the learning curve with "single screw placement time" as the observation index.Results:There were no statistical difference in incision length, operation time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative hospital stay between two groups ( P>0.05). The least squares means of JOA scores 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery in both groups increased significantly compared to baseline, while the least squares means of lower back pain VAS and lower limb radiation pain VAS decreased significantly compared to baseline; there were no statistical differences between two groups ( P>0.05). There were no statistical difference in acceptable nail insertion rate, non invasion rate of facet joints and incidence of postoperative complications between two group ( P>0.05). The CUSUM learning curves were fitting well and the inflection point for senior surgeon corresponded to 18 cases, while it was reached after performing surgery on 21 cases for junior surgeon. Conclusions:Robot-assisted CBT screw fixation performed by surgeons with different seniority could achieve similar clinical outcomes for treating lumbar degenerative disease. The senior surgeons are able to complete the initial learning stage faster than the junior surgeons, but there is not much difference in the number of surgeries performed the learning curve.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.05.019.].