AIM:To investigate the prevalence of visual impairment and its correction status among junior high school students in Xi'an, so as to provide evidence for the development of targeted myopia prevention and control strategies.METHODS: A stratified cluster sampling design was adopted. From March to May 2025, students in grades 7-9 were recruited from three schools in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China: Dongfang Middle School, the Middle School Attached to Xi'an University of Technology, and the Xingqing Campus of the High School Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University. In total, 3 974 students were invited, including 1 726 in grade 7, 1 206 in grade 8, and 1 042 in grade 9. The visual acuity was measured monocularly using a 5 m standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, with the fellow eye occluded; the line corresponding to the smallest optotype that could be correctly identified was recorded as the visual acuity value. Non-cycloplegic autorefraction was performed with a desktop autorefractor to obtain spherical equivalent(SE)values for refractive error screening.RESULTS: This study initially included 3 974 students, of whom 32 did not participate in the vision test, resulting in 3 942 students being included in the final analysis. Among them, 3 067(77.80%)were identified with poor vision. The prevalence of myopia was 81.47%(1 746)in males and 87.55%(1 575)in females(P<0.01). A stratified analysis by grade showed myopia rates of 81.72%(1 386)in junior grade one, 84.47%(1 017)in junior grade two, and 88.10%(918)in junior grade three, demonstrating a significant upward trend with increasing grade level(χ2=19.8484, P<0.01). Among the 3 321 myopic students, 2 287 adopted corrective measures. The rates of full correction, under-correction, and non-correction among all myopic students were 48.15%(1 599), 20.71%(688), and 31.14%(1 034), respectively. The rate of non-correction was significantly higher in male students than in females(32.70% vs 29.40%, χ2=4.2222, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The findings indicate a high prevalence of visual impairment among junior high school students in Xi'an, coupled with suboptimal spectacle-wearing and full-correction rates. There is an urgent need for collaborative efforts across society, schools, and families to implement effective interventions to slow the onset and progression of myopia in this population.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus lignans on schizophrenia induced by dizocilpine maleate （MK-801） in mice and to clarify its mechanism. MethodsMale mice of 4-6 weeks old were randomized into blank， model， positive drug， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （40， 80， 160 mg·kg^-1， respectively） Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus lignans groups. The blank group was administrated with distilled water， and the other groups were injected with 0.5 mg·kg^-1 MK-801 to induce schizophrenia symptoms. Meanwhile， risperidone was injected at 0.2 mg·kg^-1 in the positive drug group， and mice in the intervention groups were injected with corresponding drugs for 14 consecutive days. The behavioral changes of mice were observed by autonomous activity test， open field test， forced swimming test， and water maze test. The levels of dopamine （DA） and 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） in the brain and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） in peripheral blood were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The changes in the prefrontal lobe of mice were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining， and the changes of the hippocampal tissue were observed by Nissl staining. The protein levels of silencing information regulatory factor 1 （SIRT1） and forkhead box protein O3a （FoxO3a） in the hippocampus of mice were determined by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the model group， low， medium， and high doses of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus lignans reduced the total number of autonomous activities， total distance in the open field test， immobile time in the forced swimming test， and levels of TNF-α and NF-κB in peripheral blood （P<0.05）， while increasing the number of platform crossings in the water maze test and DA and 5-HT levels in the brain tissue （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， risperidone and low， medium， and high doses of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus lignans improve the neural cell morphology in the CA1 region， with full cells in neatly dense arrangement and exhibiting clear membrane boundary. Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus lignans inhibited the expression of SIRT 1 and FoxO3a in the hippocampus （P<0.05）. ConclusionTo sum up， Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus lignans may improve the behavior of schizophrenic mice by activating the SIRT1/FoxO3a signaling pathway to exert neuroprotective effects.

This article presents a case study of a patient who visited the Geriatric Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital due to "palpitations, shortness of breath for more than 2 years, limb weakness for 6 months, edema, and nocturnal dyspnea for 2 months". The patient exhibited decreased muscle strength in the limbs and involvement of swallowing and respiratory muscles, alongside complications of heart failure and various arrhythmias which were predominantly atrial. Laboratory tests revealed the presence of multiple autoantibodies and notably anti-mitochondrial antibodies. Following a comprehensive multidisciplinary evaluation, the patient was diagnosed with anti-mitochondrial antibody-associated inflammatory myopathy. Treatment involved a combination of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants, along with resistance exercises for muscle strength and rehabilitation training for lung function, resulting in significant improvement of clinical symptoms. The case underscores the importance of collaborative multidisciplinary approaches in diagnosing and treating rare diseases in elderly patients, where careful consideration of clinical manifestations and subtle abnormal clinical data can lead to effective interventions.

Over the past three decades， China has made significant progress in the prevention and control of viral hepatitis， and the incidence rates of new-onset pediatric hepatitis B virus infections and acute viral hepatitis in the population have reduced to a relatively low level； however， there is still a heavy disease burden of chronic viral hepatitis in China， which severely affects the health status of the population. This study systematically summarizes the achievements of viral hepatitis prevention and control in China， analyzes existing problems and challenges， and proposes comprehensive prevention and control strategies and measures to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat based on the national conditions of China， in order to provide a reference for related departments in China on how to achieve the action targets for eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030.

Purpose: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male sexual dysfunction. Gut microbiota plays an important role in various diseases. To investigate the effects and mechanisms of intestinal flora dysregulation induced by high-fat diet (HFD) on erectile function. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into the normal diet (ND) and HFD groups. After 24 weeks, a measurement of erectile function was performed. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples. Then, we established fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) rat models by transplanting fecal microbiota from rats of ND group and HFD group to two new groups of rats respectively. After 24 weeks, erectile function of the rats was evaluated and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed, and serum samples were collected for the untargeted metabolomics detection. Results: The erectile function of rats and the species diversity of intestinal microbiota in the HFD group was significantly lower, and the characteristics of the intestinal microbiota community structure were also significantly different between the two groups. The erectile function of rats in the HFD-FMT group was significantly lower than that of rats in the ND-FMT group. The characteristics of the intestinal microbiota community structure were significantly different. In the HFD-FMT group, 27 metabolites were significantly different and they were mainly involved in the several inflammation-related pathways. Conclusions Intestinal microbiota disorders induced by HFD can damage the intestinal barrier of rats, change the serum metabolic profile, induce low-grade inflammation and apoptosis in the corpus cavernosum of the penis, and lead to ED.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of Kaixuan Jiedu compatibility and the decomposed prescriptions in the treatment of psoriasis. MethodsThirty Balb/c mice were randomly grouped as follows （n=6）： normal， model， Kaixuan Jiedu （KXJD， 15.21 g·kg^-1）， Kaixuan （KX， 3.08 g·kg^-1）， and Jiedu （JD， 12.13 g·kg^-1）. Except the normal group， the rest groups were modeled for psoriasis-like skin lesions by topical application of imiquimod， and samples were collected after 7 days of continuous intervention. Mice were photographed at the lesion site during modeling and before sampling and the psoriasis area and severity index （PASI） was calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe pathological changes in the lesions and measure the epidermal thickness. Mice were photographed and observed for the tortuous dilation of dermal capillaries. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule （CD31）， proliferating cell nuclear antigen （Ki67）， and cytokeratin 10 （CK10） in the epidermal tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescence assay was employed to determine the expression of Claudin-1 and Occludin. Real-time PCR was employed to determine the mRNA levels of interleukin-17A （IL-17A） and interleukin-23 （IL-23）. The spleen and thymus were photographed and weighed， and the spleen and thymus indices were calculated. The safety of the treatment was assessed by automatic biochemistry testing of the serum， liver， and kidney functions and by HE staining of the liver， kidney and spleen. ResultsCompared with that of the normal group， the skin of the model group showed erythema， infiltration， and typical psoriasis-like changes， tortuous dilation of dermal capillaries， hyperkeratosis in epidermal cells， acanthosis， massive lymphocytic infiltration in the dermis， impaired barrier function， increased expression of VEGF， CD31， Ki67， and CK10 （P<0.01）， reduced expression of Claudin-1 and Occludin （P<0.01） in the epidermis， and up-regulated mRNA levels of IL-17A and IL-23 （P<0.01）. In addition， the mice in the model group showed spleen enlargement， thymus atrophy， increased spleen index， and decreased thymus index （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， KXJD and JD reduced psoriasis-like skin lesions， inhibited the tortuous dilation of dermal capillaries， reduced the expression of VEGF， CD31， Ki67， and CK10 （P<0.01）， increased the expression of claudin-1 （P<0.01）， and down-regulated the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors （P<0.01）. Moreover， the KXJD group outperformed the JD group. The JD group showed no significant difference from the model group regarding the spleen index， thymus index， and Occludin expression. The psoriasis indicators in the KX group were not significantly different from those in the model group. ConclusionKXJD and JD can reduce the symptoms of local skin lesions of psoriasis， which is manifested as different inhibition degrees of the proliferation and differentiation of keratin-forming cells， tortuous dilation of dermal capillaries， and inflammatory reactions， as well as the protection of the skin barrier. Moreover， KXJD outperformed JD. KX alone did not significantly reduce psoriasis lesions in mice. KXJD and the decomposed prescriptions are safe and effective， causing no obvious liver and kidney injuries.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of Kaixuan Jiedu compatibility and the decomposed prescriptions in the treatment of psoriasis. MethodsThirty Balb/c mice were randomly grouped as follows （n=6）： normal， model， Kaixuan Jiedu （KXJD， 15.21 g·kg^-1）， Kaixuan （KX， 3.08 g·kg^-1）， and Jiedu （JD， 12.13 g·kg^-1）. Except the normal group， the rest groups were modeled for psoriasis-like skin lesions by topical application of imiquimod， and samples were collected after 7 days of continuous intervention. Mice were photographed at the lesion site during modeling and before sampling and the psoriasis area and severity index （PASI） was calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe pathological changes in the lesions and measure the epidermal thickness. Mice were photographed and observed for the tortuous dilation of dermal capillaries. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule （CD31）， proliferating cell nuclear antigen （Ki67）， and cytokeratin 10 （CK10） in the epidermal tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescence assay was employed to determine the expression of Claudin-1 and Occludin. Real-time PCR was employed to determine the mRNA levels of interleukin-17A （IL-17A） and interleukin-23 （IL-23）. The spleen and thymus were photographed and weighed， and the spleen and thymus indices were calculated. The safety of the treatment was assessed by automatic biochemistry testing of the serum， liver， and kidney functions and by HE staining of the liver， kidney and spleen. ResultsCompared with that of the normal group， the skin of the model group showed erythema， infiltration， and typical psoriasis-like changes， tortuous dilation of dermal capillaries， hyperkeratosis in epidermal cells， acanthosis， massive lymphocytic infiltration in the dermis， impaired barrier function， increased expression of VEGF， CD31， Ki67， and CK10 （P<0.01）， reduced expression of Claudin-1 and Occludin （P<0.01） in the epidermis， and up-regulated mRNA levels of IL-17A and IL-23 （P<0.01）. In addition， the mice in the model group showed spleen enlargement， thymus atrophy， increased spleen index， and decreased thymus index （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， KXJD and JD reduced psoriasis-like skin lesions， inhibited the tortuous dilation of dermal capillaries， reduced the expression of VEGF， CD31， Ki67， and CK10 （P<0.01）， increased the expression of claudin-1 （P<0.01）， and down-regulated the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors （P<0.01）. Moreover， the KXJD group outperformed the JD group. The JD group showed no significant difference from the model group regarding the spleen index， thymus index， and Occludin expression. The psoriasis indicators in the KX group were not significantly different from those in the model group. ConclusionKXJD and JD can reduce the symptoms of local skin lesions of psoriasis， which is manifested as different inhibition degrees of the proliferation and differentiation of keratin-forming cells， tortuous dilation of dermal capillaries， and inflammatory reactions， as well as the protection of the skin barrier. Moreover， KXJD outperformed JD. KX alone did not significantly reduce psoriasis lesions in mice. KXJD and the decomposed prescriptions are safe and effective， causing no obvious liver and kidney injuries.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of Netupitant and palonosetron hydrochloride capsules （NEPA） on the pharmacokinetics of Paclitaxel for injection （albumin bound） （i. e. albumin-bound paclitaxel） under different intestinal microenvironment conditions. METHODS Male SD rats were divided into a normal group and a model group （n＝16）. Rats in the model group were intragastrically administered vancomycin solution to establish an intestinal disorder model. The next day after modeling， intestinal microbiota diversity was analyzed， and the mRNA expressions of cytochrome P450 3A1 （CYP3A1） and CYP2C11 in small intestine and liver tissues as well as those protein expressions in liver tissue were measured. Male SD rats were grouped as described above （n＝16）. The normal group was subdivided into the TP chemotherapy group （TP-1 group） and the TP chemotherapy+NEPA group （TP+NEPA-1 group）； the model group was subdivided into the TP chemotherapy group （TP-2 group） and the TP chemotherapy+NEPA group （TP+NEPA-2 group） （n＝8）. Rats in the TP+NEPA-1 and TP+NEPA-2 groups received a single intragastric dose of NEPA suspension （25.8 mg/kg， calculated by netupitant）. One hour later， all four groups received a single tail vein injection of albumin-bound paclitaxel and cisplatin. Blood samples were collected at different time points after the last administration. Using azithromycin as the internal standard， plasma paclitaxel concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DAS 2.0 software and compared between groups. RESULTS Compared with the normal group， the model group showed significantly decreased Chao1 and Shannon indexes （P＜0.05）， significant alterations in microbiota composition and relative abundance， and significantly downregulated expressions of CYP3A1 mRNA in liver tissue and CYP2C11 mRNA in both small intestine and liver tissues （P＜0.05）. Compared with the TP-1 group， the AUC0－t， AUC0－∞， MRT0－t of paclitaxel in the TP-2 group， the cmax， AUC0－t， AUC0－∞ of paclitaxel in the TP+NEPA-1 group and TP+NEPA-2 group were significantly increased or prolonged； CL of paclitaxel in the TP-2 group， Vd and CL of paclitaxel in the TP+NEPA-1 group and the TP+NEPA-2 group were significantly decreased or shortened （P＜0.05）. Compared with the TP-2 group， cmax of paclitaxel in the TP+NEPA-2 group was significantly increased， and Vd and MRT0－t were significantly decreased or shortened （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal microbiota disorder affects the mRNA expressions of CYP3A1 and CYP2C11， leading to decreased clearance and increased systemic exposure of paclitaxel. Concomitant administration of NEPA under normal intestinal microbiota condition increases paclitaxel exposure. However， under conditions of intestinal microbiota disorder， concomitant administration of NEPA has a limited impact on paclitaxel systemic exposure.

AIM: To assess the consistency of the new anterior segment analyzer, MS-39, the Sirius and Pentacam in measuring corneal white-to-white(WTW)and central anterior chamber depth(ACD), and to compare their differences in guiding implantable collamer lens(ICL)size selection.METHODS: Retrospective case study. A total of 210 consecutive patients(420 eyes)who treated at the Ophthalmology Refractive Surgery Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between September 2019 and September 2020 were enrolled. Three anterior segment analysis systems, MS-39, Sirius, and Pentacam, were utilized to assess the WTW and ACD, with comparative analysis of the results. The sizing of the ICL V4c was simulated using the method recommended by the STAAR company. Data correlation and consistency were evaluated.RESULTS: The WTW measurement results obtained from MS-39, Sirius, and Pentacam were 11.39±0.35, 11.42±0.36, and 11.46±0.35 mm, respectively. Notably, the WTW measurement value from MS-39 was significantly lower than that from Pentacam(P=0.002), while no statistically significant differences were observed between MS-39 and Sirius, or between Sirius and Pentacam(all P>0.05). The WTW measurements from the three devices exhibited a strong positive correlation, with correlation coefficients(r)of 0.942 between MS-39 and Sirius, 0.925 between MS-39 and Pentacam, and 0.882 between Sirius and Pentacam(all P<0.0001). The ACD measurements values from the MS-39, Sirius and Pentacam were 3.28±0.22, 3.28±0.24, and 3.21±0.23 mm, respectively. While, no statistically significant difference was found between MS-39 and Sirius(P>0.05), both measurements were significantly higher than that of Pentacam(both P<0.0001). The ACD measurements also demonstrated a strong positive correlation, with r values of 0.959 between MS-39 and Sirius, 0.947 between MS-39 and Pentacam, and 0.932 between Sirius and Pentacam(all P<0.0001). In terms of ICL size selection based on the measurements from the three devices, the 12.6 mm size was the most frequently selected, while the 13.7 mm size was the least common, the distribution of size selections across the devices was similar.CONCLUSION: MS-39 demonstrated strong positive correlation with both Sirius and Pentacam for WTW and ACD measurements, indicating that the results can be considered clinically interchangeable. Furthermore, the outcomes derived from MS-39 for ICL size selection were closely aligned with those from Sirius and Pentacam, suggesting its clinical feasibility.

Objective To explore the medication rules of Professor Hua Baojin in the treatment of subsolid pulmonary nodules through retrospective analysis and data mining techniques. Methods The prescriptions of patients with subsolid pulmonary nodules who were diagnosed and treated by Professor Hua Baojin at Guang’anmen Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2024 were retrospectively collected. Data were imported into the Ancient and Modern Medical Case Cloud Platform for analysis of drug frequency, four natures and five flavors, meridian tropism, drug association, and hierarchical clustering. Results A total of 455 prescriptions were included, containing 205 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines, with a total frequency of 12048 times. Fifty-seven commonly used drugs were screened out, among which drugs with high frequencies included astragalus membranaceus (raw) and hawthorn fruit (charred). The nature of the drugs was mainly warm, cold, and neutral. The flavor of the drugs was mostly sweet, bitter, and pungent. The meridians they belonged to mainly included the lung, spleen, and liver meridians. Their efficacy was mainly tonifying deficiency, clearing heat, resolving phlegm, and relieving cough and asthma. Association analysis obtained 19 pairs of drug combinations, 21 groups of three-drug combinations, and four groups of four-drug combinations. Hierarchical clustering obtained 10 groups of drug combinations. Conclusion On the basis of the core pathogenesis of subsolid pulmonary nodule, Professor Hua applies the theory of regulating qi and detoxifying; regulating the qi of the liver, spleen, and lung; and detoxifying the toxins of phlegm and blood stasis, providing valuable experience for the clinical treatment of SSN.