Cancer has become a significant global public health issue， severely impacting public health and societal development. Despite advances in tumor treatment methods in recent years and a gradual decline in cancer mortality rates， drug-related adverse reactions and drug resistance remain substantial challenges. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in cancer treatment and small side effects， making it widely applied in the field of oncology. Xuefu Zhuyutang， derived from Yilin Gaicuo， is known for its abilities to invigorate blood circulation， dispel blood stasis， promote Qi flow， and alleviate pain. It was specifically formulated by the esteemed WANG Qingren of the Qing dynasty for the "blood stasis syndrome in the blood mansion" and is commonly used to treat Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome. Clinical studies have shown that Xuefu Zhuyutang， when combined with conventional Western medications， produces significant effects in the treatment of malignant tumors such as liver cancer， lung cancer， and cervical cancer. It substantially reduces the incidence of adverse reactions following Western treatments， including radiation esophagitis， radiation encephalopathy， radiation-induced oral mucositis， and edema. Additionally， it alleviates cancer-related pain and fever， blood hypercoagulability， and associated complications such as depression and anxiety， and also mitigates chemotherapy-induced side effects like hand-foot syndrome. Basic research has demonstrated its potential anti-tumor mechanisms， including the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation， suppression of mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） pathway activation， and anti-tumor angiogenesis. Pharmacological studies have revealed that its active components inhibit tumor cell proliferation and migration， induce tumor cell apoptosis， suppress tumor angiogenesis， enhance the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells against tumors， improve the tumor microenvironment， and regulate immune function. This paper reviewed the latest research progress on Xuefu Zhuyutang in the treatment of malignant tumors from four aspects： theoretical exploration， clinical studies， mechanisms of action， and pharmacological basis， aiming to provide insights and methods for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors.

Cancer has become a significant global public health issue， severely impacting public health and societal development. Despite advances in tumor treatment methods in recent years and a gradual decline in cancer mortality rates， drug-related adverse reactions and drug resistance remain substantial challenges. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in cancer treatment and small side effects， making it widely applied in the field of oncology. Xuefu Zhuyutang， derived from Yilin Gaicuo， is known for its abilities to invigorate blood circulation， dispel blood stasis， promote Qi flow， and alleviate pain. It was specifically formulated by the esteemed WANG Qingren of the Qing dynasty for the "blood stasis syndrome in the blood mansion" and is commonly used to treat Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome. Clinical studies have shown that Xuefu Zhuyutang， when combined with conventional Western medications， produces significant effects in the treatment of malignant tumors such as liver cancer， lung cancer， and cervical cancer. It substantially reduces the incidence of adverse reactions following Western treatments， including radiation esophagitis， radiation encephalopathy， radiation-induced oral mucositis， and edema. Additionally， it alleviates cancer-related pain and fever， blood hypercoagulability， and associated complications such as depression and anxiety， and also mitigates chemotherapy-induced side effects like hand-foot syndrome. Basic research has demonstrated its potential anti-tumor mechanisms， including the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation， suppression of mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） pathway activation， and anti-tumor angiogenesis. Pharmacological studies have revealed that its active components inhibit tumor cell proliferation and migration， induce tumor cell apoptosis， suppress tumor angiogenesis， enhance the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells against tumors， improve the tumor microenvironment， and regulate immune function. This paper reviewed the latest research progress on Xuefu Zhuyutang in the treatment of malignant tumors from four aspects： theoretical exploration， clinical studies， mechanisms of action， and pharmacological basis， aiming to provide insights and methods for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors.

Digestive system tumors are the leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality globally， and their occurrence and development generally follow the key pathological process of inflammation-cancer transformation. Therefore， intervening in the precancerous lesion stage is an important strategy to block malignant transformation of the disease and reduce the incidence rate of tumors. Banxia Xiexin Tang-related prescriptions （including Banxia Xiexin Tang， Shengjiang Xiexin Tang， and Gancao Xiexin Tang） originated from the Shanghan Zabinglun They follow the principle of pungent dispersing and bitter descending， combination of cold and warm medicinals， and tonifying deficiency and purging excess， which aligns with the core pathogenesis of digestive system precancerous lesions characterized by cold-heat intermingling and disorder of ascending and descending. These prescriptions are widely used in the clinical treatment of various digestive system inflammatory disorders such as atrophic gastritis， ulcerative colitis， and reflux esophagitis. This review systematically summarizes the theoretical basis， clinical evidence， and therapeutic mechanisms of such prescriptions in preventing and treating the inflammation-cancer transformation process in the digestive system. Clinical studies have shown that whether used alone or in combination with modern therapies， Banxia Xiexin Tang can effectively alleviate symptoms， repair histopathological changes， and improve patients' quality of life. Basic research further reveals that their efficacy stems from multi-target systemic regulatory effects： ameliorating the chronic inflammatory microenvironment， antagonizing oxidative stress， reshaping the gut microbiota， restoring the immune balance， regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis， etc. On the basis of the convergence of traditional Chinese and Western medicine understanding of inflammation-cancer transformation， this article constructs a research framework centered on regulating the inflammatory microenvironment homeostasis to systematically elucidate the mechanism of treating different diseases with the same method （Banxia Xiexin Tang）. In view of the limitations of current research in terms of evidence level， disease-syndrome combination models， and overall mechanism analysis of compound prescriptions， this article proposes future research directions of integrating high-quality clinical research， systems biology， and cutting-edge technologies， providing a new theoretical basis and translational ideas for the precise prevention and control of digestive system tumors with traditional Chinese medicine.

Chemotherapy is an important treatment for tumors， but most patients experience varying degrees of chemotherapy- induced myelosuppression. Four properties theory of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has unique advantages in improving chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. The monomers from TCM with different properties and flavors， such as cold-natured （e.g. Scutellaria baicalensis， Rhus chinensis）， cool-natured （e.g. Ligustrum lucidum， Ophiopogon japonicus）， warm-natured （e.g. Panax ginseng， Epimedium brevicornu， Curcuma longa， Angelica sinensis）， hot-natured （e.g. Cinnamomum cassia， Aconitum carmichaeli）， and neutral-natured （e. g. donkey-hide gelatin， Lycium barbarum， Rhodiola rosea， fungi）， can exert anti- myelosuppressive effects by reducing damage to hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells， improving the bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment， inhibiting the oxidative stress response， regulating signaling pathways， so as to ultimately repaire inflammatory damage and improve hematopoietic function， thereby playing an anti-myelosuppressive role.

Mechanical pain is one of the most common causes of clinical pain, but there remains a lack of effective treatment for debilitating mechanical and chronic forms of neuropathic pain. Recently, neurotoxin GsMTx4, a selective mechanosensitive (MS) channel inhibitor, has been found to be effective, while the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, with multiple rodent pain models, we demonstrated that a GsMTx4-based 17-residue peptide, which we call P10581, was able to reduce mechanical hyperalgesia and neuropathic pain. The analgesic effects of P10581 can be as strong as morphine but is not toxic in animal models. The anti-hyperalgesic effect of the peptide was resistant to naloxone (an μ-opioid receptor antagonist) and showed no side effects of morphine, including tolerance, motor impairment, and conditioned place preference. Pharmacological inhibition of TRPV4 by P10581 in a heterogeneous expression system, combined with the use of Trpv4 knockout mice indicates that TRPV4 channels may act as the potential target for the analgesic effect of P10581. Our study identified a potential drug for curing mechanical pain and exposed its mechanism.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) combined with sodium hyaluronate solution for facial microdroplet injection in improving facial skin photoaging.Methods:A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. From January to July 2024, patients with facial photoaging problems were recruited from the Plastic Surgery Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and randomly divided into a monotherapy group (sodium hyaluronate solution droplet injection) and a combination therapy group (BTX-A + sodium hyaluronate solution droplet injection) by hierarchical block randomization method. The treatment regimen was 3 months, with one treatment for each month, with a total of 3 treatment. The combination therapy group only used a combination therapy of two drugs (BTX-A 25 U+ 5 ml sodium hyaluronate solution) during the first injection. During the three treatments of the monotherapy group and the second and third treatments of the combination therapy group, 5 ml of sodium hyaluronate solution was injected as the solo ingredient. Follow up was conducted at 1, 2, and 4 months after the last treatment. Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were detected by test kit. Five skin texture indicators (moisture content, transepidermal water loss rate, elasticity, glossiness, and pH) were evaluated using the German CK skin tester. VISIA skin detector was used for facial two-dimensional photography and skin condition analysis. Clinical efficacy (significant improvement, obvious improvement, improvement, no improvement) and global aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS) scores on a 5-point scale were recorded. Patient satisfaction levels (very satisfied, satisfied, and dissatisfied) were investigated. The data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0 software. Count data was presented as examples and(or) percentages, and analyzed using a chi-square test. Normal distribution measurement data was represented by Mean±SD and analyzed using t-test. Results:A total of 100 patients were included, with 50 cases in each group. There were 17 males and 33 females in the monotherapy group, with an age of (31.3±7.1) years, and there were 5, 14, 29 and 2 patients in the Ⅰ to Ⅳ types of Glogau skin photoaging classification, respectively. There were 15 males and 35 females in the combination therapy group, with an age of (32.1±8.4) years old, and there were 4, 15, 27 and 4 patients in the Ⅰ to Ⅳ types of Glogau skin photoaging classification, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in gender composition, age, and Glogau skin photoaging classification between the two groups (all P>0.05). One month after the first treatment, both groups showed an increase in SOD activity and a decrease in MDA levels, with more significant changes observed in the combination therapy group ( P<0.01 for both). At the follow-up of 1, 2, and 4 months after the last treatment, the combination therapy group outperformed the monotherapy group in all 5 skin texture indicators (all P<0.05). One month after the last treatment, the total effective rate of the combination therapy group was 76.0% (38/50), which were significantly higher than that of the monotherapy group’s 50.0% (25/50) ( P<0.05); in addition, the combination therapy group showed significant advantages in facial aesthetic GAIS scores, as well as patient satisfaction, with a satisfaction rate of up to 98.0% (49/50), which was higher than the 88.0% (44/50) of the monotherapy group ( P<0.01). Throughout the entire treatment process, neither group experienced serious adverse reactions. Conclusion:Facial microdroplet injection of BTX-A combined with sodium hyaluronate solution effectively improves symptoms of facial skin photoaging, enhancing skin hydration and elasticity, reducing transepidermal water loss, improving skin gloss, regulating skin pH, and enhancing skin antioxidant capacity, ultimately achieving facial skin rejuvenation. This method is safe, effective and holds high clinical relevence and patient satisfaction.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) inhibitor and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor in microsatellite stable (MSS) BRAF V600E metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients.Methods:The data and outcomes of mCRC patients with MSS BRAF V600E who received BRAF inhibitor, EGFR inhibitor combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital from May 2022 to April 2024 were retrospectively collected.Results:A total of 12 mCRC patients were included in this study, the objective response rate was 50.0%, the disease control rate was 66.7%, and the median disease control time of patients who achieved objective response was 8.0 months. The median progression-free survival was 6.8 months and the median overall survival was 8.4 months. Overall adverse reactions were controllable, the most common treatment-related adverse events were fatigue (8 cases), fever (5 cases), and rash (4 cases). There were no grade 4 adverse event, serious adverse event, and treatment-related death.Conclusion:BRAF inhibitor and EGFR inhibitor combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor show good efficacy and controllable safety in BRAF V600E mCRC patients.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) inhibitor and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor in microsatellite stable (MSS) BRAF V600E metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients.Methods:The data and outcomes of mCRC patients with MSS BRAF V600E who received BRAF inhibitor, EGFR inhibitor combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital from May 2022 to April 2024 were retrospectively collected.Results:A total of 12 mCRC patients were included in this study, the objective response rate was 50.0%, the disease control rate was 66.7%, and the median disease control time of patients who achieved objective response was 8.0 months. The median progression-free survival was 6.8 months and the median overall survival was 8.4 months. Overall adverse reactions were controllable, the most common treatment-related adverse events were fatigue (8 cases), fever (5 cases), and rash (4 cases). There were no grade 4 adverse event, serious adverse event, and treatment-related death.Conclusion:BRAF inhibitor and EGFR inhibitor combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor show good efficacy and controllable safety in BRAF V600E mCRC patients.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) combined with sodium hyaluronate solution for facial microdroplet injection in improving facial skin photoaging.Methods:A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. From January to July 2024, patients with facial photoaging problems were recruited from the Plastic Surgery Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and randomly divided into a monotherapy group (sodium hyaluronate solution droplet injection) and a combination therapy group (BTX-A + sodium hyaluronate solution droplet injection) by hierarchical block randomization method. The treatment regimen was 3 months, with one treatment for each month, with a total of 3 treatment. The combination therapy group only used a combination therapy of two drugs (BTX-A 25 U+ 5 ml sodium hyaluronate solution) during the first injection. During the three treatments of the monotherapy group and the second and third treatments of the combination therapy group, 5 ml of sodium hyaluronate solution was injected as the solo ingredient. Follow up was conducted at 1, 2, and 4 months after the last treatment. Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were detected by test kit. Five skin texture indicators (moisture content, transepidermal water loss rate, elasticity, glossiness, and pH) were evaluated using the German CK skin tester. VISIA skin detector was used for facial two-dimensional photography and skin condition analysis. Clinical efficacy (significant improvement, obvious improvement, improvement, no improvement) and global aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS) scores on a 5-point scale were recorded. Patient satisfaction levels (very satisfied, satisfied, and dissatisfied) were investigated. The data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0 software. Count data was presented as examples and(or) percentages, and analyzed using a chi-square test. Normal distribution measurement data was represented by Mean±SD and analyzed using t-test. Results:A total of 100 patients were included, with 50 cases in each group. There were 17 males and 33 females in the monotherapy group, with an age of (31.3±7.1) years, and there were 5, 14, 29 and 2 patients in the Ⅰ to Ⅳ types of Glogau skin photoaging classification, respectively. There were 15 males and 35 females in the combination therapy group, with an age of (32.1±8.4) years old, and there were 4, 15, 27 and 4 patients in the Ⅰ to Ⅳ types of Glogau skin photoaging classification, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in gender composition, age, and Glogau skin photoaging classification between the two groups (all P>0.05). One month after the first treatment, both groups showed an increase in SOD activity and a decrease in MDA levels, with more significant changes observed in the combination therapy group ( P<0.01 for both). At the follow-up of 1, 2, and 4 months after the last treatment, the combination therapy group outperformed the monotherapy group in all 5 skin texture indicators (all P<0.05). One month after the last treatment, the total effective rate of the combination therapy group was 76.0% (38/50), which were significantly higher than that of the monotherapy group’s 50.0% (25/50) ( P<0.05); in addition, the combination therapy group showed significant advantages in facial aesthetic GAIS scores, as well as patient satisfaction, with a satisfaction rate of up to 98.0% (49/50), which was higher than the 88.0% (44/50) of the monotherapy group ( P<0.01). Throughout the entire treatment process, neither group experienced serious adverse reactions. Conclusion:Facial microdroplet injection of BTX-A combined with sodium hyaluronate solution effectively improves symptoms of facial skin photoaging, enhancing skin hydration and elasticity, reducing transepidermal water loss, improving skin gloss, regulating skin pH, and enhancing skin antioxidant capacity, ultimately achieving facial skin rejuvenation. This method is safe, effective and holds high clinical relevence and patient satisfaction.

Traditional Chinese medicine holds that chemotherapy drugs belong to “medicinal toxins”， which are fierce in nature， and while killing tumor cells， they also damage human vitality， firstly disturbing spleen and stomach functions. Based on LI Gao's theory that “fire and original qi are restricted to each other， and one wins while the other loses”， it is believed that the balance between fire and original qi is the guarantee to maintain the material and energy metabolism of the body. As the driving force of human life activities， original qi is the “yang qi” that dominates the qi of the whole body. When the function of spleen and stomach is impaired， and the replenishment of acquired source is insufficient， there will be deficiency of yang qi and hyperactivity of yin fire， manifested as various adverse reactions of the body after chemotherapy. Following the treatment principle of tonifying the spleen and stomach and lifting yang qi， it is recommended to use sweet and warm medicinals to remove heat， and take formulas such as Buzhong Yiqi Decoction （补中益气汤） and Danggui Buxue Decoction （当归补血汤） to treat various post-chemotherapy adverse reactions mainly manifested as fire pathogen damaging fluid and consuming qi， yin deficiency and fire exuberance， alleviate related symptoms， which can not only ensure adequate chemotherapy cycle， but also improve the anti-tumor effect， and improve the quality of life of patients.