AIM:To investigate the prevalence of visual impairment and its correction status among junior high school students in Xi'an, so as to provide evidence for the development of targeted myopia prevention and control strategies.METHODS: A stratified cluster sampling design was adopted. From March to May 2025, students in grades 7-9 were recruited from three schools in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China: Dongfang Middle School, the Middle School Attached to Xi'an University of Technology, and the Xingqing Campus of the High School Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University. In total, 3 974 students were invited, including 1 726 in grade 7, 1 206 in grade 8, and 1 042 in grade 9. The visual acuity was measured monocularly using a 5 m standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, with the fellow eye occluded; the line corresponding to the smallest optotype that could be correctly identified was recorded as the visual acuity value. Non-cycloplegic autorefraction was performed with a desktop autorefractor to obtain spherical equivalent(SE)values for refractive error screening.RESULTS: This study initially included 3 974 students, of whom 32 did not participate in the vision test, resulting in 3 942 students being included in the final analysis. Among them, 3 067(77.80%)were identified with poor vision. The prevalence of myopia was 81.47%(1 746)in males and 87.55%(1 575)in females(P<0.01). A stratified analysis by grade showed myopia rates of 81.72%(1 386)in junior grade one, 84.47%(1 017)in junior grade two, and 88.10%(918)in junior grade three, demonstrating a significant upward trend with increasing grade level(χ2=19.8484, P<0.01). Among the 3 321 myopic students, 2 287 adopted corrective measures. The rates of full correction, under-correction, and non-correction among all myopic students were 48.15%(1 599), 20.71%(688), and 31.14%(1 034), respectively. The rate of non-correction was significantly higher in male students than in females(32.70% vs 29.40%, χ2=4.2222, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The findings indicate a high prevalence of visual impairment among junior high school students in Xi'an, coupled with suboptimal spectacle-wearing and full-correction rates. There is an urgent need for collaborative efforts across society, schools, and families to implement effective interventions to slow the onset and progression of myopia in this population.

Objective To explore the related functional mechanism of Xihuang pill containing serum inter-vention in breast cancer cells based on microRNA(miR)21-5p targeting FAM13A gene.Methods Bioinfor-matics websites was used to predict potential miRNAs of FAM13A gene,double luciferase reporter experi-ments were conducted to verify the binding site relationship between FAM13A and predicted miRNAs.The Xihuang pill containing serum was prepared,and human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured.The proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells was interfered by the Xihuang pill containing serum with different dilution ratios by CCK-8 test,and the best dilution ratio concentration of Xihuang pill containing serum to inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells was selected.Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)was ap-plied to detect the relative expression levels of FAM13A mRNA,as well as the relative expression levels of miR21-5p,in MDA-MB-231 cells after intervention with Xihuang pill containing serum.Cell proliferation(Edu)assay and cell apoptosis detection(TUNEL)assay were used to detect the effects of Xihuang pill con-taining serum intervention on cell proliferation and apoptosis function in MDA-MB-231 cells.The siRNA lentiviral transfection on MDA-MB-231 cells was performed to knock down the FAM13A gene,and Edu assay and TUNEL assay were used to detect changes in proliferation and apoptosis ability of MDA-MB-231 cells af-ter lentiviral transfection.The expression level of miR21-5p in MDA-MB-231 cells after FAM13A gene knock-out was detected by RT-qPCR technology.Results Target Scan online website predicted the potential miR-21-5p binding sequence in the 3'UTR of FAM13A mRNA,and dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed the in-teraction between miR-21-5p and FAM13A.After intervention of MDA-MB-231 cells with Xihuang pill drug containing serum,RT-qPCR results showed that compared with the control group(NC group),the Xihuang pill drug containing serum group(XHW group)downregulated the expression levels of FAM13A mRNA(P＜0.05),and upregulated the expression level of miR21-5p(P＜0.05).Compared with the NC group,the XWH group showed reduced cell proliferation ability and promoted cell apoptosis.(P＜0.05).After silencing the FAM13A gene in MDA-MB-231 cells,compared with the control group(shCtrl group),the shFAM13A group showed a significant decrease in cell proliferation ability and promoted cell apoptosis.The RT-qPCR re-sults showed that compared with the shCtrl group,the expression level of miR21-5p was significantly upregu-lated in the shFAM13A group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Xihuang pill could participate in the anti-tumor treat-ment of breast cancer by regulating miR21-5p to affect the expression level of FAM13A gene.

Objective:To conduct a multi-center cross-sectional study of elderly patients with cognitive impairment based on real-world data; To analyze the clinical characteristics and core medication law of the disease population.Methods:The medical records of elderly patients diagnosed with cognitive impairment from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2024 were retrieved from Chinese Evidence-based TCM Database. Excel 2010 software was used to collect general information, TCM syndrome elements and syndrome types, use frequency of Chinese materia medica, property, taste, meridian tropism, efficacy classification and other information, using PivotTable to establish Chinese materia medica matrix. IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 software was used to display the frequency of co-occurrence among high-frequency Chinese materia medica, and the association rules were analyzed based on the Apriori algorithm. R language 4.4.1 was used for clustering analysis on Chinese materia medica and the cluster pedigree and correlation heat map were drawn.Results:A total of 1 194 elderly patients with cognitive impairment were enrolled, with a mean age of (79.51±7.65) years, and the highest frequency of comorbidities was hypertension (891 cases, 74.62%); AD was the most frequent diagnosis of cognitive impairment (367 times, 30.74%). The proportion of mild cognitive impairment in the low value group of Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII) was relatively high, and the high value group of SII was mainly vascular dementia and AD. Wind-phlegm blocking syndrome (106 times, 13.73%) topped the list; phlegm was the most frequent element of pathogenicity (353 times, 45.73%), and meridians and collaterals (194 times, 25.13%). Totally 328 prescriptions were included, involving 308 kinds of Chinese materia medica. The total recorded frequency of Chinese materia medica was 5 665, with tonifying herbs constituting the most frequently used category, accounting for 1 633 times; the medicinal property of drugs for treating elderly patients with cognitive disorders was mostly warm (103 times, 33.44%), the taste was mostly bitter (141 times, 45.78%), and attributed to the liver meridian (145 times, 47.08%); among the two and three association rules, the drug pairs with the highest confidence were Gastrodiae Rhizoma→Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis (97.22%) and Hyperici Perforati Herba→Acanthopanacis Senticosi Radix et Rhizoma seu Caulis+Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus (97.06%); five medicinal combinations were obtained by high frequency drug clustering analysis.Conclusions:Elderly patients with cognitive impairment are mainly diagnosed with AD. There may be a potential correlation between SII level and the progression of cognitive impairment. The drugs are used to tonify the kidney and replenish essence, detoxify and unblock collaterals, replenish qi and activate blood circulation, and awaken the brain and open the orifices. Shengmai Decoction, Renshen Yangrong Decoction and other TCM classic prescriptions can be used in clinic.

With the continuous advancement of modern medical technology,wearable patch ultrasound technology is emerging as a crucial tool for real-time and dynamic monitoring of visual information within the human body.This technology seamlessly integrates the precision of ultrasound with the convenience of wearable devices,enabling continuous and dynamic monitoring of internal physiological parameters,and providing a more accurate and efficient method for medical diagnosis and health monitoring.Wearable patch ultrasound can obtain the image information of human body in real time,including the structure and functional status of the heart,blood vessels,muscles,and bones,facilitating early disease detection and diagnosis.This review summarizes the major clinical application scenarios and frontier research advances of wearable patch ultrasound and discusses the opportunities and challenges in the future.

Growth and development-related diseases result from the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors. The collaboration between healthcare, sports, and education sectors integrates multidisciplinary resources and strengths to promote standardized diagnostic and therapeutic processes. This approach establishes a comprehensive closed-loop system encompassing early screening and referral, diagnosis and comprehensive evaluation, intervention and support plan formulation, as well as long-term management andoutcome assessment. It provides systematic scientific support for the healthy growth of children and adolescents, shifting disease intervention to the subclinical stage. Against the backdrop of societal informatization and intelligent development, this diagnostic and therapeutic model not only safeguards the holistic health of children and adolescents but also offers novel perspectives and feasible pathways for managing growth and development-related diseases. The implementation of this systematic diagnostic and therapeutic paradigm presents an innovative solution with Chinese characteristics for addressing such conditions, while injecting new vitality into the advancement of national health initiatives.

The growth and development of children is an important stage for health, and its monitoringand intervention are related to the long-term development of individuals. The construction of a standardized and multi-dimensional database of pediatric growth and development-related diseases is an important basis for realizing precise diagnosis and treatment and health management. Based on the needs of clinical practice, this study proposes to establish a specialized database of pediatric growth and development-related diseases that integrates facial phenotypes and clinical diagnosis and treatment information. This study elaborates on the construction process, including data sources, data collection content, and the operation and management of the database; and proposes key points for quality control, including the establishment of quality control nodes, database construction standards, and a full-process quality control framework. The above ensure the integrity, logic and effectiveness of the data, so that the database can provide an objective basis for the screening and diagnosis of pediatric growth and development-related diseases. On the basis of scientific data management and strict quality control, the database will help reveal the patterns of children's growth and development, and promote the level of children's health management.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Efferocytosis Relatived LncRNA (EFRL) on homocysteine-induced atherosclerosis in macrophage efferocytosis. Methods RAW264.7 cells were cultured in vitro, and the Control group (0 μmol/L Hcy) and Hcy intervention group (100 μmol/L Hcy) were set up. After GapmeR transfection of macrophages with Hcy intervention, EFRL knockdown negative control group (Hcy combined with LNA-NC) and EFRL knockdown group (Hcy combined with LNA-EFRL) were set up. High-throughput sequencing was applied for different expression of LncRNA MSTRG. 88917.16 (EFRL), UCSC was used to analyze its conservation, CPC and CPAT were used to analyze its ability to encode proteins, and GO and KEGG were used to analyze related biological functions. The localization of LncRNA EFRL in macrophages was analyzed by nucleoplasmic separation and RNA-FISH. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression levels of LncRNA EFRL and its target gene SPAST in Hcy-treated macrophages. The apoptosis rate of Jurkat cells induced by UV was detected by flow cytometry. In vitro efferocytosis assay combined with immunofluorescence technique was used to analyze macrophage efferocytosis. ELISA was used to detect the levels of interleukin 1β(IL-1β) and IL-18. Results The new LncRNA MSTRG.88917.16 was identified and named EFRL(Efferocytosis Relatived LncRNA). UCSC, CPC and CPAT analyses showed that LncEFRL is highly conserved and does not have the ability to encode proteins. GO and KEGG analyses suggested that LncEFRL may be involved in macrophage efferocytosis. LncRNA EFRL was localized in the nucleus of macrophages as determined by nucleoplasmic separation and RNA-FISH. In comparison to the Control group, the expression levels of LncRNA EFRL and its target gene SPAST in the Hcy group were increased. In comparison to the Control group (0 min), the apoptosis rate of the experimental group (15, 30 min) Annexin V is more than 85%. Compared with Hcy combined with LNA-NC group, Hcy combined with LNA-EFRL group had enhanced macrophage efferocytosis and reduced levels of inflammatory factors. Compared with Hcy combined with LNA-NC group, the expression level of SPAST in Hcy combined with LNA-EFRL group was decreased. Conclusion Inhibition of EFRL expression can alleviate the process of Hcy inhibiting macrophage efferocytosis, and the mechanism is related to the regulation of the downstream target gene SPAST by EFRL.
RNA, Long Noncoding/physiology* ; Animals ; Homocysteine ; Mice ; Macrophages/drug effects* ; Humans ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Atherosclerosis/chemically induced* ; Apoptosis/genetics* ; Phagocytosis/genetics* ; Jurkat Cells ; Interleukin-1beta/genetics* ; Efferocytosis

Objective:To explore the influencing factors for pneumonia occurrence within three months in patients undergoing partial laryngectomy combined with radiotherapy, and to construct a nomogram prediction model for the risk of pneumonia occurrence.Methods:A total of 165 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent partial laryngectomy combined with postoperative radiotherapy in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2017 to 2023 were divided into three groups: a group without pneumonia, a low risk pneumonia group, and a medium to high risk pneumonia group according to the occurrence of pneumonia. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal cutoff values of the mean dose to the larynx (Larynx-Dmean) and the mean dose to the pharyngeal constrictor muscles (PCM-Dmean) for predicting the occurrence of pneumonia. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen out the influencing factors of pneumonia within three months after partial laryngectomy combined with radiotherapy, and a nomogram prediction model was constructed.Results:Among the 165 patients, 59 were in the group without pneumonia, 60 were in the group with a low risk of pneumonia, and 46 were in the group with a medium to high risk of pneumonia. The overall incidence of pneumonia was 64.2% (106/165). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the Larynx-Dmean for predicting the occurrence of pneumonia was 0.876, and the optimal cutoff value was 60.8 Gy. When the Larynx-Dmean was >60.8 Gy, the incidence of pneumonia was 96.7%. The AUC of the PCM-Dmean for predicting the occurrence of pneumonia was 0.747, and the optimal cutoff value was 54.6 Gy. When the PCM-Dmean was >54.6 Gy, the incidence of pneumonia was 74.7%. The AUC of the Larynx-Dmean for predicting the occurrence of medium to high risk pneumonia was 0.987, and the optimal cutoff value was 68.2 Gy. When the Larynx-Dmean was >68.2 Gy, the incidence of medium to high risk pneumonia was 100.0%. The AUC of the PCM-Dmean for predicting the occurrence of medium to high risk pneumonia was 0.850, and the optimal cutoff value was 58.7 Gy. When the PCM-Dmean was >58.7 Gy, the incidence of medium to high risk pneumonia was 85.2%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of pneumonia was higher in patients with a history of smoking ( OR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.02-1.74), a higher smoking index ( OR=2.43, 95% CI: 1.16-7.59), a higher Larynx-Dmean ( OR=3.79, 95% CI: 1.25-6.49), and a higher PCM-Dmean ( OR=2.44, 95% CI: 1.53-3.16). A nomogram prediction model for the risk of pneumonia and medium to high risk pneumonia within three months after partial laryngectomy combined with radiotherapy was successfully constructed, with C indices of 0.78 and 0.98, respectively, which had good predictive performance and clinical efficacy. Conclusions:When the Larynx-Dmean was >60.8 Gy and the PCM-Dmean was >54.6 Gy for postoperative radiotherapy after partial laryngectomy, the possibility of pneumonia occurrence in patients within three months increased significantly. Smoking history, smoking index, Larynx-Dmean, and PCM-Dmean were independent influencing factors for the occurrence of pneumonia. The nomogram prediction model constructed based on this can guide clinicians to take intervention measures to prevent the occurrence of pneumonia in patients with laryngeal cancer.

Objective To analyze the geographical distribution characteristics of TCM syndromes of coronary heart disease in the elderly based on the literature;To summarize the characteristics of TCM syndromes of coronary heart disease patients in different geographical areas;To provide evidence-based data for the standardization of TCM syndromes and syndrome differentiation treatment of coronary heart disease in the elderly.Methods Literature on TCM syndrome of coronary heart disease in the elderly was retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,CBM and PubMed,from the establishment of each database to December 31,2024.The common TCM syndrome types,syndrome frequency and regional distribution of coronary heart disease in the elderly were statistically analyzed.Results Forty articles were included,with a total number of 6 447 cases and a male-to-female ratio of 1.1∶1.The top 5 highest percentage of co-morbidities of coronary artery disease in the elderly were 1 308 cases of hypertension(24.11%),1 022 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus(18.84%),787 cases of respiratory disease(14.51%),517 cases of heart failure(9.53%),and 348 cases of hyperlipidemia(6.41%).The top 5 TCM syndromes in elderly patients with coronary heart disease included 779 cases of qi deficiency and blood stasis(12.08%),692 cases of qi-yin deficiency(10.73%),367 cases of phlegm-blood stasis(5.69%),363 cases of heart blood stagnant blockade(5.63%),and 343 cases of qi stagnation and blood stasis(5.32%).The distribution of TCM syndromes in different regions was characterized by qi deficiency,blood stasis and phlegm stasis in the northeast;qi deficiency,blood stasis and qi yin deficiency in the north;qi deficiency,blood stasis and phlegm internal obstruction in the east;qi and yin deficiency and heart blood stasis in the central;qi deficiency,blood stasis and phlegm stasis in the south;phlegm and yin paralysis obstruction,qi and yin deficiency in the southwest;stasis blockage of the cardiac veins,qi yin deficiency in the northwest.The overall trend was that the number of syndromes in the north was higher than that in the south;the number of syndromes in the east,centre and west was decreasing.The distribution of yin deficiency syndrome was highest in the southwest(23.33%)and lowest in the east(10.93%);yang deficiency syndrome was highest in the southwest(13.30%)and lowest in the central(3.32%);qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome was highest in the northeast(32.89%)and lowest in the northwest(7.24%);the distribution of qi-yin deficiency was highest in the southwest(23.33%)and lowest in the east(7.22%);the distribution of phlegm and stasis syndrome was highest in the northeast(25.67%)and lowest in the east(1.69%).The overall generalization was that deficiency,stasis and phlegm were the main syndrome factors.Conclusion The main symptoms of coronary heart disease in the elderly manifest as a mixture of deficiency and excess,qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome is the most syndrome type of coronary heart disease in the elderly and is mainly distributed in the northeast.The distribution of TCM syndromes has regional characteristics.

With the improvement in the accuracy and portability of three-dimensional facial imaging de-vices,and the rapid development of medical image recognition technology in artificial intelligence,the analysis and automatic recognition of three-dimensional facial characteristics of diseases have been widely applied in multiple fields such as endocrine metabolic disorders,chronic respiratory diseases,neuromuscular diseases,ge-netic syndromes,and plastic surgery.We aim to systematically review and summarize the current research status and development trends of three-dimensional facial photogrammetry and image analysis techniques in disease di-agnosis,assessment of prognosis and treatment efficacy,in order to provide references and insights for scientific research and clinical applications of this field.