Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Efferocytosis Relatived LncRNA (EFRL) on homocysteine-induced atherosclerosis in macrophage efferocytosis. Methods RAW264.7 cells were cultured in vitro, and the Control group (0 μmol/L Hcy) and Hcy intervention group (100 μmol/L Hcy) were set up. After GapmeR transfection of macrophages with Hcy intervention, EFRL knockdown negative control group (Hcy combined with LNA-NC) and EFRL knockdown group (Hcy combined with LNA-EFRL) were set up. High-throughput sequencing was applied for different expression of LncRNA MSTRG. 88917.16 (EFRL), UCSC was used to analyze its conservation, CPC and CPAT were used to analyze its ability to encode proteins, and GO and KEGG were used to analyze related biological functions. The localization of LncRNA EFRL in macrophages was analyzed by nucleoplasmic separation and RNA-FISH. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression levels of LncRNA EFRL and its target gene SPAST in Hcy-treated macrophages. The apoptosis rate of Jurkat cells induced by UV was detected by flow cytometry. In vitro efferocytosis assay combined with immunofluorescence technique was used to analyze macrophage efferocytosis. ELISA was used to detect the levels of interleukin 1β(IL-1β) and IL-18. Results The new LncRNA MSTRG.88917.16 was identified and named EFRL(Efferocytosis Relatived LncRNA). UCSC, CPC and CPAT analyses showed that LncEFRL is highly conserved and does not have the ability to encode proteins. GO and KEGG analyses suggested that LncEFRL may be involved in macrophage efferocytosis. LncRNA EFRL was localized in the nucleus of macrophages as determined by nucleoplasmic separation and RNA-FISH. In comparison to the Control group, the expression levels of LncRNA EFRL and its target gene SPAST in the Hcy group were increased. In comparison to the Control group (0 min), the apoptosis rate of the experimental group (15, 30 min) Annexin V is more than 85%. Compared with Hcy combined with LNA-NC group, Hcy combined with LNA-EFRL group had enhanced macrophage efferocytosis and reduced levels of inflammatory factors. Compared with Hcy combined with LNA-NC group, the expression level of SPAST in Hcy combined with LNA-EFRL group was decreased. Conclusion Inhibition of EFRL expression can alleviate the process of Hcy inhibiting macrophage efferocytosis, and the mechanism is related to the regulation of the downstream target gene SPAST by EFRL.
RNA, Long Noncoding/physiology* ; Animals ; Homocysteine ; Mice ; Macrophages/drug effects* ; Humans ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Atherosclerosis/chemically induced* ; Apoptosis/genetics* ; Phagocytosis/genetics* ; Jurkat Cells ; Interleukin-1beta/genetics* ; Efferocytosis

Objective:To analyze the correlation between 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and early renal function impairment in patients with primary hypertension.Methods:This cross-sectional study included patients with primary hypertension who were admitted to the Department of Cardiology of the Chinese People′s Liberation Army General Hospital between January 2021 and October 2024. Patients were divided into low-sodium, medium-sodium, and high-sodium groups based on their 24-hour urinary sodium excretion. General clinical data were collected using the electronic medical record system. Urinary sodium, protein, and microalbumin excretion were analyzed from 24-hour urine samples. Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and urinary microalbumin excretion. A multiple linear regression model was used to further assess the independent association between these variables. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on age were performed to determine whether age influenced the relationship between urinary sodium excretion and renal function impairment.Results:A total of 1 065 patients with primary hypertension were included, with a mean age of (55.26±14.06) years, including 568(53.33%) males. The low-sodium, medium-sodium, and high-sodium groups included 223, 579, and 263 patients, respectively. The 24-hour urinary microalbumin excretion in the high-sodium group was significantly higher than in the medium-sodium and low-sodium groups, and this trend remained consistent across different age groups (all P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and urinary microalbumin excretion ( r=0.220, P<0.001), and this relationship was observed in all age groups (all P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis confirmed an independent association between 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and urinary microalbumin excretion (all P<0.001), which persisted across different age groups (all P<0.05). Conclusion:In patients with primary hypertension, 24-hour urinary sodium excretion is closely associated with microalbumin excretion, suggesting a potential link to early renal function impairment.

As a non-invasive treatment method,transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation(TAES)can regulate neurological function,endocrine function and immune function through electrical stimulation for specific acupoints,which shows wide application potential in postoperative pain management,promotion of bone healing and rehabilitation in orthopedic surgery.TAES treatment has a series characteristics include non-invasiveness,convenience and effectiveness,which provides a new adjuvant treatment method for orthopedic diseases.This review elaborated the research advances of the application of TAES in orthopedics field,which provided references for further exploring its mechanism and clinical application in the future research.

Conventional surgical management of pelvic fractures entails incision and reduction with internal fixation, a procedure associated with significant bleeding, trauma, and a high surgical risk. The advent of advanced imaging techniques and sophisticated surgical instruments has led to a paradigm shift towards minimally invasive surgery as the prevailing treatment modality for such injuries. The efficacy of reduction is pivotal in determining the clinical prognosis of pelvic fractures, underscoring the importance of enhancing the quality of reduction in the minimally invasive surgery. The advent of 3D printing technology, intelligent orthopaedic surgical robots, mixed reality augmentation technology and high-precision optical localization tracking has catapulted minimally invasive pelvic fracture reduction to the forefront of research in the field of orthopaedics. Studies have demonstrated encouraging outcomes. This paper reviews relevant literature, mainly focusing on the evaluation and measurement, open reduction techniques, minimally invasive closed reduction techniques, and surgical robot assisted reduction techniques in treatment of pelvic fractures, to summarize the technical research progress in minimally invasive closed surgical reduction for pelvic fractures.

Objective:To explore the effect of self-made static progressive braces in the stepwise treatment of hand flexion dysfunction caused by scar contracture after burn injury.Methods:This study was a retrospective observational study. From January 2022 to March 2024, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University admitted twenty-nine patients who met the inclusion criteria and used the self-made static progressive braces for stepwise treatment of hand flexion dysfunction caused by scar contracture, including 23 males and 6 females, aged 16 to 55 years. The depth of burn on the back of the hand was deep partial-thickness to full-thickness. The self-made static progressive brace referred to the self-made static progressive joint distractor and the self-made static progressive hand flexion distractor. The stepwise treatment was adopted. In the first stage, in-hospital treatment for 2 to 4 weeks was selected. The treatment contents included conventional rehabilitation training and training on the application of the self-made joint distractors. When the active flexion range of motion of the metacarpophalangeal joint was ≥60°, the second stage of treatment was carried out, that is, two weeks of home remote rehabilitation treatment. The treatment contents included individualized exercise training such as training with self-made static progressive joint distractors and training with self-made static progressive hand flexion distractors. Adverse events such as blister, brace compression, and tissue strain during the stepwise treatment were recorded. After the end of the stepwise treatment, the active flexion of the affected hand was observed. During follow-up, the total active range of motion of the affected hand was measured, and the extensibility of the scar and skin and soft tissue on the back of the affected hand and the patient's satisfaction with the therapeutic effect were evaluated. At the last follow-up, the function of the affected hand was evaluated according to the trial standards for evaluation of partial function of upper extremity by the Hand Surgery Society of Chinese Medical Association.Results:During the stepwise treatment, a small amount of blisters developed on the skin at the wrist joint in 2 patients, which was cured after symptomatic treatment; the other patients had no adverse events such as brace compression and tissue strain. After the end of the stepwise treatment, the active flexion function of the hand was better, and the fist could be basically clenched. After 1-3 months of follow-up, the total active range of motion of the affected hand was 200-245°; the scar on the back of the hand was soft and light-colored, and the skin and soft tissue was malleable. Twenty-two patients were very satisfied with the curative effect, 6 patients were satisfied, and 1 patient was dissatisfied. At the last follow-up, there were 20 cases with excellent hand function and 9 cases with good hand function.Conclusions:The stepwise treatment of hand flexion dysfunction caused by scar contracture after burn injury with self-made static progressive braces has a good effect and few complications. Moreover, the two self-made static progressive distractors are convenient in material acquisition, simple to make, cost-effective, and highly practical, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

BACKGROUND:Related studies have shown that bone density,postoperative infection,adjacent vertebral fracture,and lumbar fascial edema may be risk factors for lingering pain after vertebroplasty.OBJECTIVE:To scrutinize the risk factors for lumbar fascia edema in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures patients and investigate its influence on lingering pain after vertebroplasty.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 204 osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures patients who underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty at the Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University from February to October 2022.Patients were categorized based on MRI findings into two groups:without lumbar fascia edema(84 cases)and with lumbar fascia edema(120 cases).Preoperative data,encompassing age,gender,height,weight,body mass index,bone density,serum total protein,serum albumin,inflammatory markers(C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate),degree of fracture compression,presence of prior compression fractures,fracture count,lumbar instability,and Japanese senile independence score were gathered.Postoperative follow-up recorded data such as the number of new vertebral fractures and visual analog scale scores were recorded.Logistic regression method was used to analyze the risk factors of lumbar fascial edema,and the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine whether the risk factors had relevant diagnostic significance.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Age,prior vertebral compression fractures,Japanese senile independence score score,and lumbar instability presence emerged as autonomous risk factors for lumbar fascia edema in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures patients,with corresponding odds ratios of 2.76,1.70,2.56,and 4.74,respectively.(2)Employing a visual analog scale score of 4 at 1 month postoperatively to distinguish residual pain revealed 31 cases with residual pain in the lumbar fascia edema group,in contrast to only 8 cases in the non-fascia edema group(P＜0.01).(3)The fascia edema group exhibited a significantly higher visual analog scale score at 1 month postoperatively(2.12±1.35)compared to the group without fascia edema(1.67±1.08)(P＜0.01).(4)It is indicated that age,Japanese senile independence score,prior compression fractures,and lumbar instability presence independently contribute to lumbar fascia edema in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures patients.Lumbar fascia edema emerges as a determinant of persistent pain in the lumbar region following percutaneous vertebroplasty in these patients.

Objective To explore the effect of exenatide on oxidative stress in the hypothalamus of diabetes mice and its potential mechanism.Methods After one week of adaptive feeding,C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the CON group(normal chaw diet),the T2DM group(high-fat diet,HFD),and the T2DM+Exe group(HFD+exenatide).After 8 weeks of HFD,mice in the T2DM+Exe group were intraperitoneally injected with exenatide[24 nmol/(kg·d)]for 8 weeks.The weight and glucose and lipid metabolism levels of the mice were measured,and the levels of inflammatory and adipokine factors in mice were detected using the ELISA method.Western Blot was used to detect the expression of melanocortin receptor-4(MC4R)and proopiomelanocor-tin(POMC)in the hypothalamus.Hypothalamic mitochondria were extracted,and the content of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(ROS)was measured using a flow cytometer.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA)and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the mitochondria were detected using assay kits.Changes in the ultrastructure of mitochondria were observed using a transmission electron microscope.In vitro experiments,pal-mitic acid(PA)and exenatide were used to treat hypothalamic GT1-7 cells,and short hairpin RNA(shRNA)was used to silence the melanocortin 4 receptor(MC4R),and observe the cellular oxidative stress and lipid deposition.Results Compared with the CON group,the T2DM group mice showed a significant increase in glucose and lipid metabolism indicators,pro-inflammatory factors,and adipose factor levels(P<0.05),the expression of MC4R and POMC proteins in the hypothalamus were decreased(P<0.05),and the mitochondrial ROS and MDA content in the hypothalamus significantly were increased(P<0.05),while SOD and CAT activities were decreased(P<0.05).Mitochondrial morphology was abnormal.After intervention with exenatide,the above indicators were signifi-cantly improved.After inhibiting MC4R expression in vitro experiments,compared with the intervention group with exenatide,the ROS and MDA content was significantly increased(P<0.05),SOD activity was decreased(P<0.05),and lipid deposition occurred in the cells.Conclusions Exenatide exhibits a protective effect on hypotha-lamic oxidative stress injury in diabetic mice,and this mechanism may be associated with the upregulation of MC4R expression.

Objective To analyze the effects of tyrosinase on choroidal and retinal thickness and blood flow changes in guinea pigs,and to explore the role of tyrosinase in the development and progression of myopia.Methods A total of 30 three-week-old male tri-colored guinea pigs and 10 albino guinea pigs were selected and divided into four groups:control group(tri-colored hyperopic guinea pigs,with no intervention),albino group(albino myopic guinea pigs,with no inter-vention),myopia group(tri-colored myopic guinea pigs,with no intervention),and injection group[tri-colored hyperopic guinea pigs,injected with tyrosinase inhibitor(6 250 μg·L-1),100 μL per day].The experiment lasted for 4 weeks.The refractive status and axial length(AL)of the guinea pigs in each group were measured,along with ocular biometric param-eters related to axial length[anterior chamber depth,aqueous humor depth(AQD),central corneal thickness,lens diame-ter,vitreous chamber depth(VCD)].Optical coherence tomography was used to measure the retinal thickness,choroidal thickness(ChT),and choroidal blood perfusion(ChBP)in different regions of the guinea pigs.The tyrosinase activity in the vitreous and retina of guinea pigs in each group was measured.The expression levels of neurotransmitters in the vitre-ous and retina of guinea pigs in each group were detected.Results The differences in refractive status between the albi-no group and the control group at 0,2,and 4 weeks of the experiment were statistically significant(F=8.972,P＜0.05).At the 4th week of the experiment,the refractive status of the injection group was lower than that of the control group,and the AL was greater than that of the control group,with statistically significant differences(both P＜0.05).Further analysis of AL-related biometric parameters revealed that only AQD and VCD were associated with the changes in AL of guinea pigs in each group.At the 0th week of the experiment,the average retinal thickness of the control group was greater than that of the albino group,with a statistically significant difference(t=-9.007,P＜0.000 1).Moreover,the differences in reti-nal thickness in the outer retina across different directions and time points were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The differences in retinal thickness between the control and albino groups were mainly concentrated in the outer retina.The ChT of the albino group was less than that of the control group,with a significant difference between groups(F=4.809,P=0.030).The ChBP of the control group was significantly higher than that of the albino group at 0,2,and 4 weeks of the experiment(all P＜0.05).At the 4th week of the experiment,the tyrosinase activity in the vitreous of the injection,albi-no,and myopia groups was lower than that of the control group,with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05).The differences in neurotransmitters between the albino and control groups were mainly concentrated in the vitreous.In the retina,the ornithine level in the myopia group was higher than that in the albino and control groups,and the tryptophan levels in the myopia and control groups were higher than that in the albino group,with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Tyrosinase plays a crucial role in the development of myopia,regulating the development of refractive status by influencing the physiological properties of the retina and choroid.

In recent decades,the incidence of human papillomavirus(HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(OPSCC)has shown a marked increase.Significant changes have also occurred in the OPSCC diagnosis and treatment paradigm.Deter-mining HPV status prior to treatment is now essential,and radiotherapy/chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and minimally invasive surgical techniques have progressively emerged as key modalities for managing OPSCC.However,alongside these paradigm shifts,a comprehen-sive technical consensus guiding the entire diagnostic and therapeutic process for OPSCC patients is currently lacking.Given China's large population base and the rising incidence of OPSCC,an expert panel convened to develop a clinical technical consensus on OPSCC diagno-sis and management tailored to China's specific context.This consensus aims to further enhance and standardize understanding of OPSCC management techniques among relevant healthcare professionals.