Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)and contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography(CE-EUS)with sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles for injection in upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors(SMT).Methods The subjects of this study were 82 upper gastrointestinal SMT patients from January 2021 to August 2023.All of them underwent EUS and CE-EUS using sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles as contrast agents.Features of EUS images of upper gastrointestinal benign SMT and gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST),and CE-EUS images using sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles as contrast agents were analyzed.EUS,CE-EUS using sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles as contrast agents,and combination of the two were compared in upper gastrointestinal benign SMT and GIST diagnosis based on surgical pathological findings as the golden standard.Results 82 cases of upper gastrointestinal SMT were confirmed by imaging examination and surgical results to have tumors located in the upper,middle,lower segments esophagus,cardia,fundus,body,antrum of stomach,and duodenal bulb,accounting for 7.32%,10.98%,10.98%,4.88%,29.27%,26.83%,6.10%,and 3.66%respectively.According to pathological results,there were 51 cases of upper gastrointestinal benign SMT,accounting for 62.20%and 31 cases of GIST,accounting for 37.80%.Among them,SMT in the upper gastrointestinal tract was mainly located in the esophagus and stomach,with leiomyoma being the most common.GIST was mainly located in the stomach and was more common in the fundus and body of the stomach.The proportion of benign SMT group with uniform echo,smooth surface mucosa,and regular edges was significantly higher than that of GIST group(P＜0.05).GIST group had much higher proportion in doppler rich blood flow signals and origination from the muscularis propria than benign SMT group did(P＜0.05).There was no difference between the two groups in terms of proportion of echo properties(P＞0.05).The proportion of homogeneous enhancement in the benign SMT group was significantly higher than that in the GIST group(P＜0.05).The proportion of arterial phase hyperenhancement,venous phase diffuse enhancement,and irregular blood vessels in the GIST group was significantly higher than that in the benign SMT group(P＜0.05).The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of EUS in distinguishing GIST and benign SMT were 64.52%,74.51%,and 70.73%respectively,those of the CE-EUS using sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles as contrast agent were 90.32%,88.24%,and 89.02%respectively,and those of EUS+CE-EUS using sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles as contrast agent were 100.00%,90.20%,and 93.90%respectively.Conclusion EUS and CE-EUS with sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles as contrast agents has high diagnostic value for upper gastrointestinal benign SMT and GIST.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)and contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography(CE-EUS)with sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles for injection in upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors(SMT).Methods The subjects of this study were 82 upper gastrointestinal SMT patients from January 2021 to August 2023.All of them underwent EUS and CE-EUS using sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles as contrast agents.Features of EUS images of upper gastrointestinal benign SMT and gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST),and CE-EUS images using sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles as contrast agents were analyzed.EUS,CE-EUS using sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles as contrast agents,and combination of the two were compared in upper gastrointestinal benign SMT and GIST diagnosis based on surgical pathological findings as the golden standard.Results 82 cases of upper gastrointestinal SMT were confirmed by imaging examination and surgical results to have tumors located in the upper,middle,lower segments esophagus,cardia,fundus,body,antrum of stomach,and duodenal bulb,accounting for 7.32%,10.98%,10.98%,4.88%,29.27%,26.83%,6.10%,and 3.66%respectively.According to pathological results,there were 51 cases of upper gastrointestinal benign SMT,accounting for 62.20%and 31 cases of GIST,accounting for 37.80%.Among them,SMT in the upper gastrointestinal tract was mainly located in the esophagus and stomach,with leiomyoma being the most common.GIST was mainly located in the stomach and was more common in the fundus and body of the stomach.The proportion of benign SMT group with uniform echo,smooth surface mucosa,and regular edges was significantly higher than that of GIST group(P＜0.05).GIST group had much higher proportion in doppler rich blood flow signals and origination from the muscularis propria than benign SMT group did(P＜0.05).There was no difference between the two groups in terms of proportion of echo properties(P＞0.05).The proportion of homogeneous enhancement in the benign SMT group was significantly higher than that in the GIST group(P＜0.05).The proportion of arterial phase hyperenhancement,venous phase diffuse enhancement,and irregular blood vessels in the GIST group was significantly higher than that in the benign SMT group(P＜0.05).The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of EUS in distinguishing GIST and benign SMT were 64.52%,74.51%,and 70.73%respectively,those of the CE-EUS using sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles as contrast agent were 90.32%,88.24%,and 89.02%respectively,and those of EUS+CE-EUS using sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles as contrast agent were 100.00%,90.20%,and 93.90%respectively.Conclusion EUS and CE-EUS with sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles as contrast agents has high diagnostic value for upper gastrointestinal benign SMT and GIST.

According to different biological functions, breast cancer can be divided into triple-negative breast cancer and non-triple-negative breast cancer. The former has stronger proliferation and invasion ability and faster metastasis. Its immune tissue indicators are estrogen receptor (estrogen receptor, ER) and progesterone receptor. Both the body (progesterone receptor,PR) and human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor (human epidermal growthFactor receptor, HER2) are negative. Surgery and radiotherapy are traditional therapies for TNBC, but these therapies have many side effects and poor prognosis. In order to better prevent the spread and treatment of TNBC, it is particularly important to study the growth, proliferation and apoptosis mechanisms of cancer cells. In recent years, studies have shown that a variety of signaling pathways, lncRNA, and miRNA all affect the growth process of TNBC. In recent years, studies have shown that a variety of signaling pathways, lncRNA, and miRNA all affect the growth process of TNBC. This article reviews domestic and foreign studies on the relevant regulatory mechanisms of TNBC cell proliferation and apoptosis, aiming to clarify the importance of breast cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis pathways, and provide new ideas for drug development for TNBC targeted therapy.

Objective To investigate the effect of Dl-3-n-butylphthalide on acute cerebral infarction.Methods In Department of Neurology in the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan from March 2013 to June 2014,100 cases of patients with first onset of acute cerebral infarction were recruited.The participants were divided into 2 groups (control group and treatment group) randomly,with 50 participants in each group.Besides general treatment,the patients of treatment group received intravenous injection of Dl-3-n-butylphthalide in acute phase and orally took soft capsule of Dl-3-n-butylphthalide in recovery phase.All the patients were followed up for 24 weeks.Neurological function and general cognition were assessed separately by national institute of health stroke scale (NIHSS),and mini mental state examination (MMSE) was applied to assess overall cognitive function.Results NHISS score was gradually decreased and MMSE score was increased in both groups.As compared with the control group,NIHSS score and MMSE score were changed significantly in the treatment group.From first onset to 24 weeks after treatment,NHISS score was decreased by 30％ in the control group and 44％ in the treatment group;MMSE score was increased by 17％ in the control group and 32％ in the treatment group.Conclusion Sequential therapy with Dl-3-n-butylphthalide improves neurological function and general cognition faster and more significant for patients with acute cerebral infarction.

Objective To investigate the changes of the neuron-specific enolase(NSE) and soluble intercellar adhesion molecule-1(CAM-1) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) in the patients with viral encephhalites (VE). Methods The levels of NSE and sICAM-1 in serum and CSF were determined before and after treatment using ELISA in 58 patients with VE and 20 normal persons. Results The levels of NSE and sICAM-1 in serum before treatment were obviously higher than those of control group, and their differences were significant (P0.05). Conclusions NSE and sICAM-1 may contribute to pathologic course in infection of VE and the levels of NSE and sICAM-1 in serum and CSF may serve as markers of differential diagnosis and clinical significance.