Objective:To explore the differences in the standardized z-score amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (zALFFs) across different brain regions between children with global developmental delay (GDD) and healthy children (HC) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and correlating zALFF values with the subjects′ Gesell Developmental Scale (GDS) scores.Methods:Thirty-one children aged 2-4 years with GDD and 29 HC of the same age were studied. fNIRS was used to record both groups′ brain activity in response to natural stimuli and to measure any changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) levels in cerebral blood flow. zALFF values were calculated and the values of 44 channels were compared between the two groups. The correlations between zALFF values and GDS scores were computed.Results:The zALFF values of the children with GDD were significantly lower than those of the HC in the right frontal pole (channel 10) and the right pre-motor and supplementary motor areas (channel 43). In contrast, the zALFF values in the left pre-motor and supplementary motor areas (channels 24 and 26) were significantly higher in the children with GDD compared to the HC. Spearman ranked correlation analysis revealed that the zALFF values in the right pre-motor and supplementary motor areas (channel 43) were positively correlated with socialization scores on the GDS ( r=0.37, P≤0.05). Conclusions:The delays in cognitive and motor development in children with GDD may be associated with functional abnormalities in the right frontal polar region and the bilateral premotor and supplementary motor areas. zALFF values from the right premotor and supplementary motor areas are positively correlated with social skills.

Objective To explore the effects of nail-tail transverse connection in the treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation(AAD)and its impacts on bone metabolism,serum vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),and fibroblast growth factor-2(FGF-2)levels.Methods A total of 150 pa-tients with AAD were selected as the research subjects and divided into two groups using the random number table method,with 75 cases in each group.The observation group was treated with nail-tail transverse connection combined with posterior atlantoaxial pedicle screw internal fixation(C1-C2 PSR),while the control group was treated with C1-C2 PSR alone.Serum bone metabolism indicators[osteocalcin(BGP),type Ⅰ collagen N-terminal peptide(NTX),bone alkaline phosphatase(BALP),tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP),type Ⅰ collagen carboxy-terminal peptide(CTX)],VEGF and FGF-2 levels were compared between the two groups at different time points.The Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score was used to evaluate the patients' neurological function before surgery and 3 years after surgery.Bone graft fusion was evaluated at 6 months,1 year,2 years,and 3 years after surgery.Results At 1,3 and 6 months after surgery,the serum VEGF and FGF-2 levels in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).After treatment,the BALP,BGP,NTX,TRAP and CTX levels in both groups were lower than those before treatment,and their levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Before surgery,there was no statistically significant difference in the JOA scores be-tween the two groups(P＞0.05).At 3 years after surgery,the JOA scores in both groups were higher than those before surgery,and the JOA score and the score improvement rate in the observa-tion group were higher than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).At 6 months,1 year,2 years and 3 years after surgery,the success rate of bone graft fusion in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,with statistically significant differ-ences(P＜0.05).Conclusion Nail-tail transverse connection has significant effects in the treat-ment of AAD,which can effectively improve patients' bone metabolism and increase the serum VEGF and FGF-2 levels.

Obesity, as a chronic recurrent disease, has become a major public health challenge in China. To implement the requirements of the Healthy China Initiative (2019—2030), under domestic guidelines or consensus statements on overweight and obesity, and in alignment with the latest scientific advances globally, the Quality control protocol for adult overweight and obesity screening in health management (examination) institutions (2025 edition) was developed. This protocol was drafted by the Health Management Center of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and formulated through multiple rounds of deliberation by experts in China’s health examination quality control field. The protocol establishes unified standards for screening facilities, personnel qualifications, and measurement or testing procedures. It defines specific screening items, outlines a standardized screening pathway, and sets requirements for the final medical review, ensuring the scientific validity, effectiveness, and safety of the screening process. The implementation of this protocol will enhance the consistency of weight management practices for adults across health examination institutions and strengthen the quality control of overweight and obesity screening programs.

Objective:To investigate whether intermittent fasting alleviates insulin resistance in a polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) mouse model through the regulation of autophagy.Methods:Fifty 3-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned into the following groups using a random number table: normal control(NC) group( n=10), maintained on a standard chow diet; high-fat diet(HFD) group( n=10) fed a diet with 60% of calories derived from fat; and PCOS model group( n=30), established by combining a HFD with dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) administration. Successful modeling was confirmed by disrupted estrous cycles, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology. The PCOS model mice were further divided into three groups: PCOS group( n=9), PCOS with intermittent fasting group(PCOS+ IF, n=9), and PCOS with intermittent fasting plus the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine(3-MA) group(PCOS+ IF+ 3-MA, n=9). Autophagy levels were assessed by detecting markers LC3 and p62 and observing autophagosomes via transmission electron microscopy. Glucose tolerance test(GTT) and insulin tolerance test(ITT) were performed, and the area under the curve(AUC) was calculated to evaluate insulin resistance. Western blotting was used to detect phosphorylation levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K), protein kinase B(Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR), and p70S6 kiase(p70S6K). Results:Compared with the NC group, the PCOS model group showed absent estrous cycles, significantly elevated serum testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, and luteinizing hormone(LH) levels( P<0.001), and polycystic ovarian changes on hematoxylin-eosin staining, confirming successful model establishment. Immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blotting demonstrated that autophagy levels were increased in the PCOS+ IF group compared with the PCOS group, while 3-MA administration reduced the intermittent fasting - induced autophagy. The AUC values for both GTT and ITT were significantly lower in the PCOS+ IF group than those in the PCOS group( P<0.001, P=0.003), but increased in the PCOS+ IF+ 3-MA group compared to the PCOS+ IF group( P<0.001, P=0.020). Western blotting analysis showed that phosphorylation levels of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, and p70S6K were significantly decreased in the PCOS+ IF group compared with the PCOS group( P=0.002, P=0.001, P=0.001, and P<0.001, respectively), and increased in the PCOS+ IF+ 3-MA group compared with the PCOS+ IF group( P=0.021, P=0.041, P=0.047, and P=0.024, respectively). Conclusions:Intermittent fasting alleviates insulin resistance in a PCOS mouse model through inhibitiing PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and promoting autophagy.

Objective:To explore the differences in the standardized z-score amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (zALFFs) across different brain regions between children with global developmental delay (GDD) and healthy children (HC) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and correlating zALFF values with the subjects′ Gesell Developmental Scale (GDS) scores.Methods:Thirty-one children aged 2-4 years with GDD and 29 HC of the same age were studied. fNIRS was used to record both groups′ brain activity in response to natural stimuli and to measure any changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) levels in cerebral blood flow. zALFF values were calculated and the values of 44 channels were compared between the two groups. The correlations between zALFF values and GDS scores were computed.Results:The zALFF values of the children with GDD were significantly lower than those of the HC in the right frontal pole (channel 10) and the right pre-motor and supplementary motor areas (channel 43). In contrast, the zALFF values in the left pre-motor and supplementary motor areas (channels 24 and 26) were significantly higher in the children with GDD compared to the HC. Spearman ranked correlation analysis revealed that the zALFF values in the right pre-motor and supplementary motor areas (channel 43) were positively correlated with socialization scores on the GDS ( r=0.37, P≤0.05). Conclusions:The delays in cognitive and motor development in children with GDD may be associated with functional abnormalities in the right frontal polar region and the bilateral premotor and supplementary motor areas. zALFF values from the right premotor and supplementary motor areas are positively correlated with social skills.

Objective:To investigate whether intermittent fasting alleviates insulin resistance in a polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) mouse model through the regulation of autophagy.Methods:Fifty 3-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned into the following groups using a random number table: normal control(NC) group( n=10), maintained on a standard chow diet; high-fat diet(HFD) group( n=10) fed a diet with 60% of calories derived from fat; and PCOS model group( n=30), established by combining a HFD with dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) administration. Successful modeling was confirmed by disrupted estrous cycles, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology. The PCOS model mice were further divided into three groups: PCOS group( n=9), PCOS with intermittent fasting group(PCOS+ IF, n=9), and PCOS with intermittent fasting plus the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine(3-MA) group(PCOS+ IF+ 3-MA, n=9). Autophagy levels were assessed by detecting markers LC3 and p62 and observing autophagosomes via transmission electron microscopy. Glucose tolerance test(GTT) and insulin tolerance test(ITT) were performed, and the area under the curve(AUC) was calculated to evaluate insulin resistance. Western blotting was used to detect phosphorylation levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K), protein kinase B(Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR), and p70S6 kiase(p70S6K). Results:Compared with the NC group, the PCOS model group showed absent estrous cycles, significantly elevated serum testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, and luteinizing hormone(LH) levels( P<0.001), and polycystic ovarian changes on hematoxylin-eosin staining, confirming successful model establishment. Immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blotting demonstrated that autophagy levels were increased in the PCOS+ IF group compared with the PCOS group, while 3-MA administration reduced the intermittent fasting - induced autophagy. The AUC values for both GTT and ITT were significantly lower in the PCOS+ IF group than those in the PCOS group( P<0.001, P=0.003), but increased in the PCOS+ IF+ 3-MA group compared to the PCOS+ IF group( P<0.001, P=0.020). Western blotting analysis showed that phosphorylation levels of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, and p70S6K were significantly decreased in the PCOS+ IF group compared with the PCOS group( P=0.002, P=0.001, P=0.001, and P<0.001, respectively), and increased in the PCOS+ IF+ 3-MA group compared with the PCOS+ IF group( P=0.021, P=0.041, P=0.047, and P=0.024, respectively). Conclusions:Intermittent fasting alleviates insulin resistance in a PCOS mouse model through inhibitiing PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and promoting autophagy.

Objective:To develop the Self-Stigma Scale for Drug Addicts(SSSDA),and test its validity and reliability.Methods:On the basis of literature analysis,open questionnaire survey,semi-structured interview and ex-pert consultation,the theoretical structure of the questionnaire was developed,and 943 drug addicts were test-ed.Sample 1(n=483)was used for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis,and sample 2(n=460)was used for confirmatory factor analysis,criterion related validity and internal consistency reliability analysis.Sixty-four drug addicts were retested 4 weeks later for test-retest reliability test.The criterion related validity was tested with the Drug Stereotype Threat Scale.Results:The scale consisted of 6 dimensions and 31 items,including self-negative cognition,stereotype identity,confidentiality,social avoidance,stigma experience,and stigma experience in the process of detoxification(factor loadings were from 0.41 to 0.81),which explained 64.09％of the total vari-ance.The 6-factor structure model fitted the data well(x2/df=2.82,RMSEA=0.06,CFI=0.92,GFI=0.85,TLI=0.91).The total scores and factor scores of the SSSDA were positively correlated with the DSTS scores(ICC=0.10-0.22,Ps＜0.05).The Cronbach α coefficients for the total scale and each dimension were between 0.80 and 0.95,and the test-retest reliability coefficients(ICC)were between 0.82 and 0.94.Conclusion:The Self-stigma Scale for Drug Addicts(SSSDA)initially developed in this study has satisfactory reliability and validity.

Zearalenone(ZEN)is a mycotoxin that extensively contaminates food and feed,posing a significant threat to public health.However,the mechanisms behind ZEN-induced intestinal immunotoxicity remain unclear.In this study,Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were exposed to ZEN at a dosage of 5 mg/kg/day b.w.for a duration of 14 days.The results demonstrated that ZEN exposure led to notable pathological alterations and immunosup-pression within the intestine.Furthermore,ZEN exposure caused a significant reduction in the levels of apolipoprotein E(ApoE)and liver X receptor(LXR)(P＜0.05).Conversely,it upregulated the levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)markers(P＜0.05)and decreased the presence of 27-hydroxycholesterol(27-HC)in the intestine(P＜0.05).It was observed that ApoE or LXR agonists were able to mitigate the immunosuppressive effects induced by ZEN.Additionally,a bioinformatics analysis highlighted that the downregulation of ApoE might elevate the susceptibility to colorectal,breast,and lung cancers.These find-ings underscore the crucial role of the 27-HC/LXR/ApoE axis disruption in ZEN-induced MDSCs proliferation and subsequent inhibition of T lymphocyte activation within the rat intestine.Notably,ApoE may emerge as a pivotal target linking ZEN exposure to cancer development.

Objective:To investigate the effect of S100A10 macrophage-mediated inflammation and migration.Methods:C57BL/6J mouse model of S100A10-KO,and RAW264.7 cell line of S100A10-KO were established.Taking mice's peritoneal macro-phages(PMs)and bone marrow macrophages(BMDMs),resuscitating RAW264.7 cell lines,and collecting cells.qRT-PCR was used to detect the effect of S100A10 knockout on the secretion of inflammatory factors in macrophages;wound healing assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the effect of S100A10 knockout on macrophage migration;CCK8 kit was used to detect the effect of S100A10 knockout on the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells;qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of matrix metallopro-teinase 9(MMP9)and non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9(MYH9).Results:After S100A10 knockout,the inflammatory factors IL-6,IL-1β and MCP-1 levels(P<0.05)secreted by RAW264.7,PMs and BMDMs were excreted decreased;cell scratches and Transwell showed that S100A10 knockout inhibited macrophage migration;CCK8 experiments showed that the proliferation capacity of macro-phages weakened after S100A10 knockout;qRT-PCR and Western blot experiments showed that the migration-related proteins MMP9 and MYH9 decreased after S100A10 knockout.Conclusion:S100A10 knockout decreases the secretion of inflammatory factors by macrophages and attenuated the migration and proliferation of macrophages.

Objective:To discuss the improved methods for the isolation and culture of primary chondrocytes from the neonatal rats,and to establish an efficient and economical in vitro chondrocyte culture system.Methods:The primary chondrocytes were isolated from the joints of neonatal rats and divided into overnight digestion(OD)group and rapid digestion(RD)group for separation.The chondrocytes in OD group were digested overnight by type Ⅱ collagenase,while the chondrocytes in RD group were separated by the combination of pre-digestion with physical and chemical digestion methods.The chondrocytes were cultured in modified media containing 0％(blank group 1),1％,2％,4％,and 10％fetal bovine serum(FBS),0(blank group 2),0.1,0.2,0.4,0.8,1.0,and 2.0 g·L-1 vitamin C(VC),and 0(blank group 3),0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0,8.0,10.0 μg·L-1 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)nanoparticles.The media containing different concentrations of FBS,VC,and PLGA were mixed with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/nutrient mixture F-12(DMEM/F12),and were divided into related groups based on the concentrations of ingredients.Cell counter was used to count the chondrocytes in various groups and the survival rates and diameters of the chondrocytes in various groups were detected;Toluidine blue staining was used to detect the morphology of the chondrocytes in various groups;CCK-8 method was used to detect the proliferative activities of the chondrocytes in various groups;cell adhesion assay was used to detect the adhesion rates of the chondrocytes in various groups;Hoechst/propidium iodide(PI)staining was used to detect the apoptosis of the chondrocytes in various groups;MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation activities of the chondrocytes in various groups after treated with modified media.The cells were divided into DMEM/F12+10％FBS group,DMEM/F12+1％FBS group,and DMEM/F12+1％FBS+0.4 g·L-1 VC+1 μg·L-1 PLGA group.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method was used to detect the expression levels of sex-determining region Y-box 9(SOX9),collagen type Ⅱ alpha 1 chain(Col2A1),collagen type X alpha 1 chain(Col10A1),and matrix metallopeptidase 13(MMP13)mRNAs in the chondrocytes in various groups after treated with modified media;immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expressions of type Ⅱ collagen(COL Ⅱ)and SOX9 in the chondrocytes in various groups after treated with modified media.Results:The survival rate of primary chondrocytes in OD group was lower than that in RD group,and the average cell diameter was larger than that in RD group.The primary chondrocytes in OD group were larger and spindle-shaped,and most cells exhibited pseudopodia;in RD group,the primary chondrocytes were smaller,mostly rhomboid in shape,with only a portion of the cells showing pseudopodia.The Toluidine blue staining results showed significant coloration in both groups,but the digestion time of the chondrocytes in RD group was shorter,and compared with OD group,the actual culture time of the chondrocytes was reduced by 9-13 h,and more immature morphology of the primary chondrocytes were observed.The proliferation activity of the primary chondrocytes in OD group was slow at 24 h of culture but increased at 48 h of culture,and the proliferation activity of the primary chondrocytes was significantly higher at 48 h of culture compared with 12 h of culture(P＜0.01).Compared with 12 h of culture,the proliferation rates of the primary chondrocytes in RD group were increased at 24 and 48 h of culture(P＜0.01).At 24 and 48 h of culture,compared with OD group,the proliferation rates of the primary chondrocytes in RD group were increased(P＜0.05).The number of apoptotic chondrocytes in RD group was lower than that in OD group,and no necrotic chondrocytes were observed in either group.The proliferation activities of chondrocytes of the rats were increased with the rising of FBS concentration in the culture medium.Compared with blank group 1,the proliferation activities of chondrocytes of the rats after treated with culture mediums containing 1％,2％,4％,and 10％FBS were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with blank group 2,the proliferative activities of chondrocytes of the rats after treated with culture mediums containing 0.2-1.0 g·L-1 VC were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the highest proliferation activity was found when the concentration of VC was 0.4 g·L-1(P＜0.01).Compared with blank group 3,the proliferation activities of chondrocytes of the rats after treated with culture mediums containing 1-4 μg·L-1 PLGA were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the highest proliferation activity was found after treated with culture medium containing 1 μg·L-1 PLGA(P＜0.05).Compared with DMEM/F12+10％FBS group,the expression levels of SOX9 mRNA and Col2A1 mRNA in the chondrocytes in DMEM/F12+1％FBS group were significantly increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Compared with DMEM/F12+10％FBS group,the expression levels of SOX9 mRNA and Col2A1 mRNA in the chondrocytes in DMEM/F12+1％FBS+0.4 g·L-1 VC+1 μg·L-1 PLGA group were significantly increased(P＜0.01).The immunofluorescence staining results showed that the green fluorescence signal of COL Ⅱ and the red fluorescence signal of SOX9 were observed in some chondrocytes in DMEM/F12+10％FBS group under fluorescence microscope,and the fluorescence intensity was weak.In DMEM/F12+1％FBS group,most chondrocytes exhibited COL Ⅱ green fluorescence signal and SOX9 red fluorescence signal,and the fluorescence intensity was significantly stronger than that in DMEM/F12+10％FBS group.In DMEM/F12+1％FBS+0.4 g·L-1 VC+1 μg·L-1 PLGA group,the COLⅡ green fluorescence signal and SOX9 red fluorescence signal were found in all the chondrocytes,and the fluorescence intensity was significantly higher than those in DMEM/F12+10％FBS and DMEM/F12+1％FBS groups.The expression levels of COLⅡ and SOX9 proteins in the chondrocytes in DMEM/F12+1％FBS group were significantly higher than those in DMEM/F12+10％FBS group,and the expression levels of COL Ⅱ and SOX9 proteins in the chondrocytes in DMEM/F12+1％FBS+0.4 g·L-1 VC+1 μg·L-1 PLGA group were significantly higher than those in DMEM/F12+10％FBS group.Conclusion:The improved methods for the isolation and culture of primary chondrocytes of the rats can overcome the shortcomings of traditional methods,shorten the isolation time of primary chondrocytes,and improve the quality of in vitro culture of primary chondrocytes.