Objective To evaluate the design and manufacture accuracy of a domestic computer aided design(CAD) and computer aided manufacture(CAM) system,and to compare it with similar foreign products.Methods Thirty models of posterior-teeth-single-crown preparations were collected,and STL data of these preparations was collected by Denmark 3Shape scanner.Three copings were made for each preparation,the one designed and manufactured using commercial CAD/CAM system (3Shape CAD software and Wieland T1 CAM equipment) was assigned into control group T0,the one designed and manufactured using domestic CAD software (developed by Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics) and Wieland T1 CAM equipment was assigned into experimental group TCAD for design accuracy evaluation,and the one designed and manufactured using 3Shape CAD software and domestic CAM equipment(developed by Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology,Tsinghua University and ShanDong XinHua Incorporated Company of medical apparatus and instruments) was assigned into experimental group TCAM for manufacture accuracy evaluation.Finally,the marginal fitness were compared and evaluated by using 3D & Profile measurement microscope laser.Results The marginal fitness of TCAD was 27.98 (19.10,46.57) μm in buccal,32.67 (20.65,50.82) μm in lingual,27.38 (22.53,52.61) μm in mesial,29.50 (22.68,53.65) μm in distal; of TCAM was 21.69(15.87,30.21) μm in buceal,18.51(13.50,22.51) μm in lingual,19.15(15.42,26.89) μm in mesial,22.77(18.58,32.15) μm in distal; and there were no statistical differences compared with T0 [20.16(17.16,48.00) μm in buccal,21.51(17.05,28.31) μm in lingual,23.54(17.89,30.04) μm in mesial and 23.94(17.93,28.19) μm in distal] except lingual data of TCAD.Conclusions The design and machining precision of this domestic CAD/CAM system is at the same level of those comparable foreign products.

Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the epidemic situation,clinical symptom,diagnosis and epidemiological characteristics of human Fasciola gigantica infection in Dali,Yunnan province.It will also provide a scientific basis for fasciolosis control and prevention.Methods Epidemic data were collected and patient's clinical signs and symptoms were studied.Serum soluble antigen of Fasciola gigantica of patients and part of family members and health people in the same village was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the eggs of Fasciola gigantica in stool were observed under microscope.Sequencing and PCR amplification of Fasciola gigantica eggs had been done.Sequencing results were analyzed using basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) program of the U.S.National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and the similarity of the two in the sequence of nucleic acid was compared.Furthermore,patients were experimentally given orally therapeutic doses of Triclabendazole 10 mg·kg-1·d-1 daily for 2 days,and kept in the hospital for observation for one week.Moreover,host and vector were investigated in the surrounding ditches of Dali prefecture and Limnaea peregra snail samples were collected.All the snails were squashed by glass sheet in order to detect the cercarie.Cow dung and sheep manure was collected in the Limnaea peregra distribution environment,and the eggs in the feces were checked by microscope after washing and precipitation.Results All the 26 patients had a continued hyperpyrexia with distinct alimentary system symptoms of nausea,vomiting,stomachache,abdominal distension as well as hepatomegaly,sensitive to percussion,different levels of liver damage detected by CT.All the patients had an eaten history of raw Herba Houttuyniae and other aquatic plants,and the course of the disease was similar,with the same epidemiological characteristics.ELISA detection was used in the 26 patients,family members and other healthy population,the results of all the 26 patients were positive(100.0％,26/26) ; the positive rates of the 57 family members and other health people of the same village were 31.6％ (18/57) and 17.1％ (6/35),respectively.The results of sequencing and BLAST program showed that the pathogen was Fasciola gigantica with the similarity between 99％-100％.PCR amplification also confirmed that the eggs were Fasciola gigantica eggs with an approximately 1000 bp band on agarose gel.After treatment with Triclabendazole,body temperature of the patients dropped to normal and symptoms improved markedly.Moreover,329 Limnaea peregra snails were collected including 5 ones with redia and one-tailed cercariae which were preliminary identified as the larva of Fasciola gigantica.There were also eggs of Fasciola gigantica detected in one stool of cattle and one of goat.Conclusions Eating raw food is the leading cause of the onset of the disease.Triclabendazole is the drug of choice to treat Fasciolasis.Health education should be strengthened by government and disease prevention and control departments in order to make the local residents to understand the potential hazard of eating raw aquatic vegetable and drinking unboiled water,which is the key to prevent the occurrence of the disease.

Background Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP) is the main surgical procedure used in type 2 diabetes.The objective of this study was to evaluate the different types of GBP in treatment of type 2 diabetes.Methods Patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into two groups:those who underwent gastrojejunal loop anastomosis bypass and those who underwent gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y bypass.Blood glucose alterations,operation time,and operation complicatiors were observed.Results Gastrojejunal loop anastomosis bypass and gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y bypass were both effective in the treatment of selected patients with type 2 diabetes.Compared with gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y bypass,gastrojejunal loop anastomosis bypass had the advantages of easier implementation,shorter operation time,and fewer operation complications.Conclusions Gastrojejunal loop anastomosis is effective in treatment of type 2 diabetes.It is safe,easy to implement,and worthy of clinical popularization.

Objective To establish the computer aided design (CAD) software platform of individualized abutment for the maxilla central incisor. MethodsThree-dimentional data of the incisor was collected by scanning and geometric transformation. Data mainly included the occlusal part of the healing abutment, the location carinae of the bedpiece, the occlusal 1/3 part of the artificial gingiva's inner surface,and so on. The all-ceramic crown designed in advanced was "virtual cutback" to get the original data of the abutment's supragingival part. The abutment's in-gum part was designed to simulate the individual natural tooth root. The functions such as "data offset", "bi-rail sweep surface" and "loft surface" were used in the process of CAD. ResultsThe CAD route of the individualized all-ceramic abutment was set up. The functions and application methods were decided and the complete CAD process was realized. Conclusions The software platform was basically set up according to the requests of the dental clinic.

Objective To investigate gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and morbidity of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) among the shipboard personnel.Methods Real-time esophalgus monitoring of pH was made on 63 healthy subjects of shipboard personnel,two hours before and after deployment at sea.Symptomatic scores (Sc) were analyzed in accordance with heartburn,restrosternal chest pain,acid regurgitation and food regurgitation.177 shipboard personnel and 139 shore-based personnel participated in the reflux diagnostic questionnaire (RDQ) and RDQ scores were analyzed based on the above four symptoms.RDQ score above 20 was classified as the GERD group,the score below 15 as the non GERD group,and those with a score of 16 - 19 were depleted ( including 39 shipboard personnel and 31 shore-based personnel).Subjects were chosen from patients who received gastroseopy from January 2004 to December 2007 and whose symptom score ( Sc ) was either equal or above eight.Further gastroscopy was performed to eliminate those diseases,such as esophagostenosis,peptic ulcer,esophageal neoplasm.Finally,187 shipboard personnel and 251 shore-hased personnel were chose as subjects.Results ( 1 )The accumulated So,the percentage of pH lower than four in total observing time,the number of acid reflux lasting over five minutes and the number of acid reflux with a pH level lower than four pre-deployment were obviously higher than those of two hours after deployment.(2)The questionnaire showed that incidence rate of GER among the shipboard personnel was obviously higher than that of the shore-based personnel;For those with a sea-duty service time above three years,incidence rate of GER increased significantly;(3)For the outpatients whose accumulated Sc was either equal or higher than eight,the occurrence rate of reflux esophagitis (RE) among the shipboard personnel was obviously higher than that of the shore-based personnel.For those with a sea-duty service time above one year,the incidence rate of RE increased significantly.Conclusions ( 1 ) For the shipboard personnel,occurrence rate of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) during deployment at sea was obviously higher than that of post deployment and its symptoms were also obviously severer.(2)The occurrence rate of GER for those who were often deployed at sea was significantly higher than that of the shore-based personnel.(3) The incidence rate of RE among the shipboard personnel was obviously higher than that of the shore-based personnel.

Objective To investigate gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and morbidity of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) among the shipboard personnel.Methods Real-time esophalgus monitoring of pH was made on 63 healthy subjects of shipboard personnel,two hours before and after deployment at sea.Symptomatic scores (Sc) were analyzed in accordance with heartburn,restrosternal chest pain,acid regurgitation and food regurgitation.177 shipboard personnel and 139 shore-based personnel participated in the reflux diagnostic questionnaire (RDQ) and RDQ scores were analyzed based on the above four symptoms.RDQ score above 20 was classified as the GERD group,the score below 15 as the non GERD group,and those with a score of 16 - 19 were depleted ( including 39 shipboard personnel and 31 shore-based personnel).Subjects were chosen from patients who received gastroseopy from January 2004 to December 2007 and whose symptom score ( Sc ) was either equal or above eight.Further gastroscopy was performed to eliminate those diseases,such as esophagostenosis,peptic ulcer,esophageal neoplasm.Finally,187 shipboard personnel and 251 shore-hased personnel were chose as subjects.Results ( 1 )The accumulated So,the percentage of pH lower than four in total observing time,the number of acid reflux lasting over five minutes and the number of acid reflux with a pH level lower than four pre-deployment were obviously higher than those of two hours after deployment.(2)The questionnaire showed that incidence rate of GER among the shipboard personnel was obviously higher than that of the shore-based personnel;For those with a sea-duty service time above three years,incidence rate of GER increased significantly;(3)For the outpatients whose accumulated Sc was either equal or higher than eight,the occurrence rate of reflux esophagitis (RE) among the shipboard personnel was obviously higher than that of the shore-based personnel.For those with a sea-duty service time above one year,the incidence rate of RE increased significantly.Conclusions ( 1 ) For the shipboard personnel,occurrence rate of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) during deployment at sea was obviously higher than that of post deployment and its symptoms were also obviously severer.(2)The occurrence rate of GER for those who were often deployed at sea was significantly higher than that of the shore-based personnel.(3) The incidence rate of RE among the shipboard personnel was obviously higher than that of the shore-based personnel.