Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of other infectious diarrhea among children under 18 years old in Guangzhou City from 2014 to 2020, and to explore the correlation between climatic factors and the incidence of the disease, so as to provide reference for the early prevention of infectious diseases. Methods: The data of cases of other infectious diarrhea and meteorological data of children under 18 years old in Guangzhou City from 2014 to 2020 were collected through the Chinese Infectious Disease Reporting System and the Guangzhou Meteorological Bureau. The correlation between meteorological factors and the incidence of other infectious diarrhea was analyzed using negative binomial regression. Results: A total of 104 566 cases of other infectious diarrhea among children under 18 years old were reported in Guangzhou City from 2014 to 2020, with a male to female ratio of 1.48∶1. The incidence rate was the highest in 2017 (980.83 per 100 000) and the lowest in 2020 (388.22 per 100 000). The peak of incidence occurred from October to March of the following year. Children under 5 years old accounted for 87.95% of all cases. The number of cases of other infectious diarrhea was negatively correlated with the temperature of the previous 6 days ( IRR = -0.07 ), and positively correlated with the temperature difference on the day of onset ( IRR =0.02) (both P <0.05). It was also positively correlated with the wind speed of the previous 7 days ( IRR=0.07, P <0.05), but there was no statistically significant correlation with the relative humidity on the day of onset ( IRR=-0.00, P >0.05). Conclusions Low temperature, large temperature difference, and high wind speed can increase the risk of other infectious diarrhea. It is necessary to strengthen the prediction and early warning in conjunction with meteorological changes, and warn kindergartens and schools to enhance preventive measures against the clustering of other infectious diarrhea cases.

OBJECTIVES: Verrucous epidermal nevus (VEN), seborrheic keratosis (SK), verruca plana (VP), verruca vulgaris (VV), and nevus sebaceous (NS) are common verrucous proliferative skin diseases with similar clinical appearances, often posing diagnostic challenges. Dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) can aid in their differentiation, yet their specific features under these tools have not been systematically described. This study aims to summarize and analyze the dermoscopic and RCM features of VEN, SK, VP, VV, and NS. METHODS: A total of 121 patients with histopathologically confirmed verrucous proliferative skin diseases were enrolled. Dermoscopy and RCM imaging was used to observe and analyze the microscopic features of these conditions. RESULTS: Under dermoscopy, the 5 diseases displayed distinct characteristics: VEN typically showed gyriform structures; SK was characterized by gyriform structures, comedo-like openings, and milia-like cysts; VP and VV featured dotted vessels and frogspawn-like structures; NS presented as brownish-yellow globules. RCM revealed shared features such as hyperkeratosis and acanthosis across all 5 diseases. Specific features included gyriform structures and elongated rete ridges in VEN; pseudocysts and gyriform structures in SK; evenly distributed ring-like structures in VP; vacuolated cells and papillomatous proliferation in VV; and frogspawn-like structures in NS. CONCLUSIONS These 5 verrucous proliferative skin conditions exhibit distinguishable features under both dermoscopy and RCM. The combination of these 2 noninvasive imaging modalities holds significant clinical value for the differential diagnosis of verrucous proliferative skin diseases.
Humans ; Dermoscopy/methods* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Microscopy, Confocal/methods* ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Adolescent ; Keratosis, Seborrheic/pathology* ; Young Adult ; Warts/diagnosis* ; Child ; Aged ; Skin Diseases/pathology* ; Nevus, Sebaceous of Jadassohn/diagnosis* ; Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Child, Preschool

OBJECTIVES: Depressive and anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders worldwide and are associated with unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. The Life's Simple 7 (LS7) guideline proposed by the American Heart Association aims to reduce cardiovascular risk by improving behaviors such as diet and physical activity, but its impact on mental health is not yet fully clear. This study examined the association between LS7 scores and symptoms of anxiety and depression in adults undergoing routine health examinations. METHODS: Data were collected from individuals who underwent health examinations from May 2015 to December 2024 at the Health Management Center of the Third Xiangya Hospital. All participants completed the LS7 assessments, the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Participants were categorized into 4 LS7 score groups: Low (≤7), average (8-9), good (10), and excellent (11-14). Those with SDS or SAS≥50 were classified as having mental disorder symptoms; with this group, SAS≥50 indicated anxiety, SDS≥50 indicated depression, and SDS and SAS≥50 indicated comorbid anxiety-depression. Binary logistic regression was used to assess associations between LS7 score and mental symptoms, calculating odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression model was used to analyze the dose-response relationship between LS7 score (continuous variable) and the risk of mental symptoms. Nodes were set at the 5th, 35th, 65th, and 95th percentiles of the LS7 score, with the 5th percentile as the reference point. All models were adjusted for covariates such as gender, age, living alone, drinking status, education level, and sleep quality. Logistic regression framework was used to fit and calculate the adjusted OR (aOR) and 95% CI. Nonlinear relationship tests were also conducted. Subgroup analysis was performed to explore the interaction between gender, age, drinking habits, education level, and other factors and the LS7 score in influencing the risk of mental symptoms. RESULTS: A total of 5 449 participants were included; 1 363 (25.01%) had depressive symptoms, 398 (7.30%) had anxiety symptoms, and 259 (4.75%) had comorbid anxiety-depression. The prevalence of mental symptoms decreased significantly as LS7 scores increased. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression indicated that LS7 score≥8 was protective against mental symptoms. Multivariate Logistic regression demonstrated moderate discriminative ability (AUC=0.672). Among individuals with anxiety, depression, or comorbid symptoms, LS7 score distributions showed a graded decrease from poor to excellent groups. After adjustment, an excellent LS7 score was associated with a 39% lower risk of depression (aOR=0.61, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.78, P<0.001), a 63% lower risk of anxiety (aOR=0.37, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.59, P<0.001), and a 66% lower risk of comorbid anxiety-depression (aOR=0.34, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.62, P=0.001). The AUC values of the anxiety model, depression model, and comorbid anxiety and depression model were 0.632, 0.672, and 0.619, respectively. All models demonstrated moderate discriminatory ability, which was statistically significant, but their capacity to distinguish cases from non-cases was limited. RCS analysis confirmed a linear inverse relationship between LS7 score and mental symptom risk. Not smoking and regular physical activity were the strongest protective behaviors. Subgroup analysis suggested stronger protective effects in men, younger adults (≤60), non-drinkers, and those with higher education levels, and revealed a significant interaction between alcohol use and LS7 score (P for interaction=0.021), indicating that alcohol consumption may weaken the protective effect of LS7. CONCLUSIONS Ideal healthy lifestyle behaviors, as reflected by higher LS7 scores, are associated with lower risks of anxiety and depression in adults. Promoting LS7-based lifestyle practices may serve as a practical and effective strategy for the prevention and management of anxiety and depression in both clinical and daily life settings.
Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/epidemiology* ; Anxiety/epidemiology* ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Healthy Lifestyle ; Risk Factors ; Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology* ; Exercise ; Physical Examination ; Aged

Obesity, as a chronic recurrent disease, has become a major public health challenge in China. To implement the requirements of the Healthy China Initiative (2019—2030), under domestic guidelines or consensus statements on overweight and obesity, and in alignment with the latest scientific advances globally, the Quality control protocol for adult overweight and obesity screening in health management (examination) institutions (2025 edition) was developed. This protocol was drafted by the Health Management Center of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and formulated through multiple rounds of deliberation by experts in China’s health examination quality control field. The protocol establishes unified standards for screening facilities, personnel qualifications, and measurement or testing procedures. It defines specific screening items, outlines a standardized screening pathway, and sets requirements for the final medical review, ensuring the scientific validity, effectiveness, and safety of the screening process. The implementation of this protocol will enhance the consistency of weight management practices for adults across health examination institutions and strengthen the quality control of overweight and obesity screening programs.

Background::Atopic dermatitis (AD) affects approximately 10% of adults worldwide. CM310 is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-4 receptor alpha that blocks interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 signaling. This trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CM310 in Chinese adults with moderate-to-severe AD.Methods::This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial was conducted in 21 medical institutions in China from February to November 2021. Totally 120 eligible patients were enrolled and randomized (1:1:1) to receive subcutaneous injections of 300 mg CM310, 150 mg CM310, or placebo every 2 weeks for 16 weeks, followed by an 8-week follow-up period. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving ≥75% improvement in the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI-75) score from baseline at week 16. Safety and pharmacodynamics were also studied.Results::At week 16, the proportion of EASI-75 responders from baseline was significantly higher in the CM310 groups (70% [28/40] for high-dose and 65% [26/40] for low-dose) than that in the placebo group (20%[8/40]). The differences in EASI-75 response rate were 50% (high vs. placebo, 95% CI 31%–69%) and 45% (low vs. placebo, 95% CI 26%–64%), with both P values <0.0001. CM310 at both doses also significantly improved the EASI score, Investigator’s Global Assessment score, daily peak pruritus Numerical Rating Scale, AD-affected body surface area, and Dermatology Life Quality Index compared with placebo. CM310 treatment reduced levels of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, total immunoglobulin E, lactate dehydrogenase, and blood eosinophils. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was similar among all three groups, with the most common TEAEs reported being upper respiratory tract infection, atopic dermatitis, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia. No severe adverse events were deemed to be attributed to CM310. Conclusion::CM310 at 150 mg and 300 mg every 2 weeks demonstrated significant efficacy and was well-tolerated in adults with moderate-to-severe AD.Trial Registration::ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04805411.

Objective This objective of this study was to investigate the effects of long chain non-coding RNA GAS5(ln-cRNA GAS5)on the proliferation,invasion ability and PTEN/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway of cervical cancer cells,and to elucidate the possible mechanism of lncRNA GAS5 in cervical cancer.Methods Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the levels of lncRNA GAS5 in human cervical cancer HeLa cells,C33A cells,Caski cells,Siha cells and normal cervical epithelial End1/E6E7 cells.HeLa cells were divided into the blank control group(BC group),negative con-trol group(NC group)and overexpressing lncRNA GAS5 group(GAS5 group);Siha cells were divided into the blank control group(BC group),negative control siRNA group(si-NC group)and siRNA-lncRNA GAS5 group(si-GAS5).The CCK8 assay was used to measure proliferation of cervical cancer cells.The Transwell was used to measure the invasion and migration capabilities of cervical cancer cells.Western blot was used to determine the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2,MMP-9,PTEN,Akt,phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt),mTOR and p-mTOR proteins in cervical cancer cells.Results The results showed that the levels of lncRNA GAS5 in HeLa cells,C33A cells,Caski cells and Siha cells were lower than that in End1/E6E7 cells(P＜0.001).Compared with the NC group,overexpression of lncRNA GAS5 in HeLa cells resulted in a decrease in the cell proliferation,invasion,and migration abilities,as well as a decrease in the levels of PCNA,MMP-2,MMP-9,p-Akt,and p-mTOR proteins(P＜0.001),while an increase in the level of PTEN protein(P＜0.001).Compared with the si-NC group,inhibition of ln-cRNA GAS5 expression in Siha cells resulted in increased the cell proliferation,invasion,and migration abilities,as well as increased the levels of PCNA,MMP-2,MMP-9,p-Akt,and p-mTOR proteins(P＜0.001),while decreased the level of PTEN protein(P＜0.001).Conclusion The level of lncRNA GAS5 in cervical cancer cells is reduced,and lncRNA GAS5 can inhibit the proliferation,invasion and migration abilities of cervical cancer cells,as well as activate the PTEN/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

One of the most common and significant symptoms for skin disorders is pruritus.Additionally,it serves as a significant catalyst for the exacerbation or reoccurrence of skin diseases.Pruritus seriously affects patients'physical and mental health,and even the quality of life.It brings a heavy burden to the patients,the families,even the whole society.The pathogenesis and regulation mechanisms for pruritus are complicated and have not yet been elucidated.Previous clinical studies have shown that itch worsens at night in scabies,chronic pruritus,atopic dermatitis,and psoriasis,suggesting that skin pruritus may change with circadian rhythm.Cortisol,melatonin,core temperature,cytokines,and prostaglandins are the main regulatory factors of the circadian rhythm of pruritus.Recent studies have shown that some CLOCK genes,such as BMAL1,CLOCK,PER,and CRY,play an important role in the regulation of the circadian rhythm of pruritus by regulating the Janus tyrosine kinase(JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)and nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)signaling pathways.However,the mechanisms for circadian clock genes in regulation of circadian rhythm of pruritus have not been fully elucidated.Further studies on the mechanism of circadian clock genes in the regulation of circadian rhythm of pruritus will lay a foundation for elucidating the regulatory mechanisms for pruritus,and also provide new ideas for the control of pruritus and the alleviation of skin diseases.

Objective:The causal relationship between eczema and autoimmune diseases has not been previously reported.This study aims to evaluate the causal relationship between eczema and autoimmune diseases. Methods:The two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)method was used to assess the causal effect of eczema on autoimmune diseases.Summary data from the Genome-Wide Association Study Catalog(GWAS)were obtained from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit(IEU)database.For eczema and autoimmune diseases,genetic instrument variants(GIVs)were identified according to the significant difference(P＜5×10-8).Causal effect estimates were generated using the inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method.MR Egger,maximum likelihood,MR-PRESSO,and MR-RAPS methods were used for alternative analyses.Sensitivity tests,including heterogeneity,horizontal pleiotropy,and leave-one-out analyses,were performed.Finally,reverse causality was assessed. Results:Genetic susceptibility to eczema was associated with an increased risk of Crohn's disease(OR=1.444,95％CI 1.199 to 1.738,P＜0.001)and ulcerative colitis(OR=1.002,95％CI 1.001 to 1.003,P=0.002).However,no causal relationship was found for the other 6 autoimmune diseases,including systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)(OR=0.932,P=0.401),bullous pemphigoid(BP)(OR=1.191,P=0.642),vitiligo(OR=1.000,P=0.327),multiple sclerosis(MS)(OR=1.000,P=0.965),ankylosing spondylitis(AS)(OR=1.001,P=0.121),rheumatoid arthritis(RA)(OR=1.000,P=0.460).Additionally,no reverse causal relationship was found between autoimmune diseases and eczema. Conclusion:Eczema is associated with an increased risk of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.No causal relationship is found between eczema and SLE,MS,AS,RA,BP,or vitiligo.

OBJECTIVES: Ozone is widely applied to treat allergic skin diseases such as eczema, atopic dermatitis, and contact dermatitis. However, the specific mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of ozonated oil on treating 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and the underling mechanisms. METHODS: Besides the blank control (Ctrl) group, all other mice were treated with DNCB to establish an ACD-like mouse model and were randomized into following groups: a model group, a basal oil group, an ozonated oil group, a FcεRI-overexpressed plasmid (FcεRI-OE) group, and a FcεRI empty plasmid (FcεRI-NC) group. The basal oil group and the ozonated oil group were treated with basal oil and ozonated oil, respectively. The FcεRI-OE group and the FcεRI-NC group were intradermally injected 25 µg FcεRI overexpression plasmid and 25 µg FcεRI empty plasmid when treating with ozonated oil, respectively. We recorded skin lesions daily and used reflectance confocal microscope (RCM) to evaluate thickness and inflammatory changes of skin lesions. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, real-time PCR, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), and immunohistochemistry were performed to detct and analyze the skin lesions. RESULTS: Ozonated oil significantly alleviated DNCB-induced ACD-like dermatitis and reduced the expressions of IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-1β, TNF-α, and other related inflammatory factors (all P<0.05). RNA-seq analysis revealed that ozonated oil significantly inhibited the activation of the DNCB-induced FcεRI/Syk signaling pathway, confirmed by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (all P<0.05). Compared with the ozonated oil group and the FcεRI-NC group, the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and other inflammatory genes in the FcεRI-OE group were significantly increased (all P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression levels of FcεRI and Syk were significantly elevated in the FcεRI-OE group as well (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Ozonated oil significantly improves ACD-like dermatitis and alleviated DNCB-induced ACD-like dermatitis via inhibiting the FcεRI/Syk signaling pathway.
Animals ; Mice ; Dinitrochlorobenzene/metabolism* ; Skin/metabolism* ; Cytokines/metabolism* ; Interleukin-17/metabolism* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/pathology* ; Dermatitis, Atopic/chemically induced* ; Signal Transduction ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of acidified aliphatic ester in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in mouse models, and to preliminarily explore its mechanisms of action.Methods:Twenty female BALB/c mice aged 6 to 8 weeks were randomly divided into 2 groups: 5 mice in the blank control group were topically treated with absolute ethanol on both ears (14.3 μl per ear) every day, and 15 mice in the model group were topically treated with calcipotriol liniment (14.3 μl per ear) and 20 g/L ovalbumin (25 μl per ear) on both ears every day for 10 consecutive days to establish AD-like mouse models. From day 11, 15 mice in the model group were randomly divided into 3 groups (5 mice in each group), including AD model group, aliphatic ester group, and acidified aliphatic ester group; in the forenoon, all the 3 groups continued to be topically treated with calcipotriol liniment and ovalbumin to maintain AD-like models; in the afternoon, the aliphatic ester group and acidified aliphatic ester group were topically treated with aliphatic ester and acidified aliphatic ester respectively (10 μl per ear), and no treatment was given to the AD model group. Changes in body weight, ear thickness, ear skin lesion scores, and scratching frequency were observed. Ear skin swabs were obtained from the mice on days 10 and 14 for 16S rRNA gene - based microbial diversity tests. On day 14, mice were sacrificed after reflectance confocal microscopy examinations of the ear skin, ear tissues were resected for hematoxylin and eosin staining, mast cell staining, and real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and blood samples were collected for detection of serum IgE levels. One-way analysis of variance was used for analysis of data that met homogeneity of variance criteria, and least significant difference- t test for multiple comparisons. Results:On day 14, the severity of mouse ear lesions was the highest in the AD model group, followed in turn by the aliphatic ester group, acidified aliphatic ester group, and blank control group; compared with the AD model group, the acidified aliphatic ester group showed significantly decreased mouse ear thickness ( F = 897.50, P < 0.001), skin lesion scores ( F = 268.80, P < 0.001), scratching frequency ( F = 64.36, P < 0.001), and epidermal thickness ( F = 256.20, P < 0.001). In addition, RT-qPCR indicated that the expression of inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL) -33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL-4, and tumor necrosis factor-α in lesional areas, and the degree of mast-cell infiltration were all significantly lower in the acidified aliphatic ester group than in the AD model group ( F = 3.38, 8.70, 41.73, 44.30, 134.30, P = 0.049, = 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, <0.001, respectively). Microbial diversity tests showed that the acidified aliphatic ester treatment could inhibit the colonization of Staphylococcus spp. in the ears of AD-like mouse models, and the Shannon index and Simpson index significantly differed among the 4 groups ( F = 9.00, 7.92, P = 0.001, 0.002, respectively) . Conclusion:Acidified aliphatic ester could improve skin lesions of AD-like mouse models, possibly by regulating immunity, suppressing inflammation, and restoring skin microecological diversity.