ObjectiveTo explore the function and related molecular mechanisms of magnoflorine against colon cancer via network pharmacology， molecular docking， and in vitro cell experiments. MethodsIn this study， the canonical SMILES of magnoflorine was obtained from the PubChem database， and the potential targets of magnoflorine were predicted by the Swiss Target Prediction database， while the disease targets of colon cancer were obtained from the DisGeNET， GeneCards and OMIM databases. The intersecting targets between magnoflorine's predicted targets and colon cancer disease targets were taken， and a protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was constructed and analyzed. The DAVID online database was employed to conduct Gene Ontology （GO） and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses on core targets. The top five key targets screened were docked with magnoflorine using AutoDock software. Finally， cellular experiments including CCK-8 assays， EdU experiments， cell scratch assays， and Transwell assays were conducted to validate the results from network pharmacology and molecular docking. Results44 key targets of magnoflorine in resisting colon cancer were acquired. The molecular docking results showed that magnoflorine had a strong binding activity with the core target signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） in the top five of the PPI network. Cellular experiments confirmed that magnoflorine could inhibit the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells by suppressing the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. ConclusionMagnoflorine may inhibit the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells by regulating the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Objective:To analyze the population structure, quantity of rodents, fleas and epidemiological characteristics of animal plague in the plague foci of Erenhot in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and to provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of plague.Methods:The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the surveillance and epidemic data of plague in Erenhot from 2013 to 2023 (from the plague prevention and control management information system of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the summary of plague surveillance data in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2023), including rat density, nocturnal rat capture, flea infection of rodents, bacteriological and serological detection, etc.Results:From 2013 to 2023, a total of 418 hm 2 of plague foci were investigated in Erenhot, 1 054 rats were caught, and the density of rats was 2.52/hm 2, among which Meriones unguiculatus was the dominant species ( n = 480), and the density was 1.15/hm 2. The capture rate of nocturnal rodents was 6.38% (1 291/20 250). The flea infestation rate of rodents was 35.53% (1 491/4 197), with a flea index of 1.25. Xenopsylla conformity is the dominant flea species ( n = 1 886). Animal plague outbreaks occurred in 7 years, with 11 positive rodents and 10 groups of positive fleas identified by the bacteriology tests, and a total of 21 strains of Yersinia pestis isolated. Eleven positive sera samples were detected by serology. Conclusion:The rodent density in the plague foci of Erenhot is relatively low, but the flea index is high, the animal epidemic is active, facing a significant risk of imported human and animal plague epidemics.

BACKGROUND:Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently the most effective method for the radical treatment of thalassemia major,but only half of patients can find compatible bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells.Sib-derived umbilical cord blood stem cells have different characteristics from bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells,and are a potential alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation in patients with thalassemia major.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effect of human leukocyte antigen matched sibling fresh umbilical cord blood transplantation in the treatment of β-thalassemia major in children.METHODS:Forty-eight children with β-thalassemia major,including 28 males and 20 females,with a median age of 4 years old,were selected from Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University from June 2010 to June 2020.All of them received fresh cord blood transplantation from human leukocyte antigen matched sibling.Transplantation conditioning adopted a myeloablative regiment without anti-thymocyte globulin.A combination of cyclosporine A and mycophenolate mofetil with or without short-range methotrexate was administered for graft-versus-host disease.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The median infused doses of total nucleated cells and CD34+cells were 8.17×107/kg and 2.40×105/kg,respectively in 48 children.The median follow-up time after cord blood transplantation was 98 months,and 44 cases were successfully engrafted.The median time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment was 28 and 31 days,respectively.Among them,37 cases were found to be donor-type complete chimerism detected as evidence of implantation after transplantation,7 cases were found to be stable mixed chimerism.(2)Among the 44 children with successful implantation,four patients developed acute graft-versus-host disease,and were scored as grade Ⅰ(n=2)and grade Ⅱ(n=2).All the affected organs were skin,and no chronic graft-versus-host disease occurred.(3)After umbilical cord blood transplantation,cytomegalovirus infection and activation occurred in 5 of the 48 cases,sepsis in 12 cases,invasive fungal disease in 3 cases,stomatitis in 21 cases,hemorrhagic cystitis in 8 cases,and hepatic vein occlusion in 1 case.(4)Among 48 children,47 patients survived;1 died of severe pneumonia combined with acute heart failure 28 days after transplantation;43 survived without disease;3 had primary implantation failure,and 1 had pancytopenia after transplantation.The 5-year probabilities of overall survival and disease-free survival were 98％and 89％,respectively.The cumulative incidence of transplant-related deaths at 1 year was 2.1％.(5)The above results indicate that human leukocyte antigen matched sibling fresh umbilical cord blood transplantation is effective in the treatment of β-thalassemia major in children with a low incidence of graft-versus-host disease.

Limb spasticity is a common complication after stroke,with clinical manifestations such as increased muscle tone,limb stiffness and pain,which reduces the quality of patients'daily life and increases the economic burden.Currently,scales,surface electromyography and biomechanical methods are mostly used to assess limb spasticity in clinical practice,but clinical scales rely on experience and are highly subjective;surface electromyography is prone to compensations and test errors;and biomechanical methods are more restrictive.Musculoskeletal ultrasound is not only capable of detecting muscle parameters and providing quantitative information such as muscle hardness and elasticity,but also has the unique advantages of high-resolution and real-time imag-ing,which has been increasingly used in clinical diagnosis and treatment.In this paper,we review the evidence related to musculoskeletal ultrasound and limb spasticity assessment,with the aim of exploring a simple and reasonable quantitative assessment method,which will provide some thoughts for the future clinical assessment of limb spasticity.

BACKGROUND:Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently the most effective method for the radical treatment of thalassemia major,but only half of patients can find compatible bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells.Sib-derived umbilical cord blood stem cells have different characteristics from bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells,and are a potential alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation in patients with thalassemia major.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effect of human leukocyte antigen matched sibling fresh umbilical cord blood transplantation in the treatment of β-thalassemia major in children.METHODS:Forty-eight children with β-thalassemia major,including 28 males and 20 females,with a median age of 4 years old,were selected from Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University from June 2010 to June 2020.All of them received fresh cord blood transplantation from human leukocyte antigen matched sibling.Transplantation conditioning adopted a myeloablative regiment without anti-thymocyte globulin.A combination of cyclosporine A and mycophenolate mofetil with or without short-range methotrexate was administered for graft-versus-host disease.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The median infused doses of total nucleated cells and CD34+cells were 8.17×107/kg and 2.40×105/kg,respectively in 48 children.The median follow-up time after cord blood transplantation was 98 months,and 44 cases were successfully engrafted.The median time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment was 28 and 31 days,respectively.Among them,37 cases were found to be donor-type complete chimerism detected as evidence of implantation after transplantation,7 cases were found to be stable mixed chimerism.(2)Among the 44 children with successful implantation,four patients developed acute graft-versus-host disease,and were scored as grade Ⅰ(n=2)and grade Ⅱ(n=2).All the affected organs were skin,and no chronic graft-versus-host disease occurred.(3)After umbilical cord blood transplantation,cytomegalovirus infection and activation occurred in 5 of the 48 cases,sepsis in 12 cases,invasive fungal disease in 3 cases,stomatitis in 21 cases,hemorrhagic cystitis in 8 cases,and hepatic vein occlusion in 1 case.(4)Among 48 children,47 patients survived;1 died of severe pneumonia combined with acute heart failure 28 days after transplantation;43 survived without disease;3 had primary implantation failure,and 1 had pancytopenia after transplantation.The 5-year probabilities of overall survival and disease-free survival were 98％and 89％,respectively.The cumulative incidence of transplant-related deaths at 1 year was 2.1％.(5)The above results indicate that human leukocyte antigen matched sibling fresh umbilical cord blood transplantation is effective in the treatment of β-thalassemia major in children with a low incidence of graft-versus-host disease.

Limb spasticity is a common complication after stroke,with clinical manifestations such as increased muscle tone,limb stiffness and pain,which reduces the quality of patients'daily life and increases the economic burden.Currently,scales,surface electromyography and biomechanical methods are mostly used to assess limb spasticity in clinical practice,but clinical scales rely on experience and are highly subjective;surface electromyography is prone to compensations and test errors;and biomechanical methods are more restrictive.Musculoskeletal ultrasound is not only capable of detecting muscle parameters and providing quantitative information such as muscle hardness and elasticity,but also has the unique advantages of high-resolution and real-time imag-ing,which has been increasingly used in clinical diagnosis and treatment.In this paper,we review the evidence related to musculoskeletal ultrasound and limb spasticity assessment,with the aim of exploring a simple and reasonable quantitative assessment method,which will provide some thoughts for the future clinical assessment of limb spasticity.

BACKGROUND:Mammary stem cells are vital for the development and homeostasis of mammary gland tissue.The occurrence of breast cancer has a close relationship with the mammary stem cells.Recent studies have shown that Hopx,as an important transcriptional regulator of morphogenesis and cell differentiation,has been confirmed to be expressed in a variety of adult stem cells such as nerves,intestines,hair follicles and lungs.However,its role in mammary stem cells has not been reported so far.OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether Hopx expression marks mammary stem cells.METHODS:(1) Female Hopx-LacZ transgenic mice aged 8 weeks were selected to detect the background expression of Hopx in breast tissue by β-galactosidase staining.(2) Female wild-type mice at 4,6,and 8 weeks of age and 14.5 days of gestation were selected for whole-tissue magenta staining and K14 and K8 immunofluorescence staining,respectively.(3) Female Hopx-CreERT2;Rosa26LacZ transgenic mice aged 8 weeks and 17.5 days of gestation were selected and stained with breast β-galactosidase.(4) The 4-week-old female Hopx-CreERT2;Rosa26LacZ transgenic mice were selected.The Cre/loxp system was activated by intraperitoneal injection of tamoxifen (once every other day,three times),and breast β-galactosidase staining was performed 4 weeks after injection.The 8-week-old female Hopx-CreERT2;Rosa26LacZ transgenic mice were selected.The Cre/loxp system was activated by intraperitoneal injection of tamoxifen (once every other day,three times),and breast β-galactosidase staining was performed 4 and 10 weeks after the last injection.(5) Female Hopx-CreERT2;Rosa26LacZ transgenic mice aged 8 weeks were selected.The Cre/loxp system was activated by intraperitoneal injection of tamoxifen (once every other day,three times).Hopx-CreERT2;Rosa26LacZ transgenic mice were pregnant 2 weeks after injection.The mammary tissue of mice at 17.5 days of the first pregnancy and 17.5 days of the third pregnancy was stained with β-galactosidase.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The results of β-galactosidase staining showed that the mammary ducts of Hopx-LacZ transgenic mice at 8 weeks of age did contain Hopx-positive cells and were located in the basal epithelia,with a small number.(2) Whole-mount staining of mammary glands and immunofluorescence staining results exhibited that the mammary glands of mice had different characteristics with corresponding developmental stages such as puberty,maturity,and pregnancy,and underwent a series of complex epithelial remodeling processes.(3) The results of β-galactosylase staining showed that Hopx-labeled positive cells in the mammary duct of Hopx-CreERT2;Rosa26LacZ transgenic mice at 17.5 days of gestation increased compared with female Hopx-CreERT2;Rosa26LacZ transgenic mice at 8 weeks of age.(4) The results of β-galactosylase staining showed that the Hopx-labeled positive cells in the mammary glands of 4-and 8-week-old female Hopx-CreERT2;Rosa26LacZ transgenic mice after tamoxifen injection were located in the basal epithelium with a small number.(5) The results of β-galactosidase staining showed that Hopx-labeled positive cells in the mammary glands of mice at 17.5 days of the first and third gestation were located in the basal epithelia around the alveoli,and the number of Hopx-labeled positive cells at 17.5 days of the third gestation was more.(6) In conclusion,Hopx reporter-marked basal epithelial cells belong to dormant mammary stem cells,which are responsible for the growth of the mammary glands during pregnancy and contribute to acinar formation.

Ischemic stroke(IS)is an acute cerebrovascular disease caused by sudden obstruction or occlusion of cerebral blood vessels,and is one of the major causes of disability and death in China.The main therapeutic goal is to restore blood flow as soon as possible after the onset of symptoms,and intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy are often adopted.However,post-thrombolysis blood recirculation is prone to lead to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury(CIRI).CIRI is a key pathological process in IS,so it is critical to find ways to mitigate CIRI.Mitochondrial biogenesis(MB)coordinates synthe-sis of new mitochondria from existing ones.When cerebral ischemia occurs,the body maintains mitochondrial homeostasis by ac-tivating MB,alleviates oxidative stress and inflammatory response,and prevents the body from further damage.Understanding the molecular mechanism of MB and its activation pathway will provide a new direction for the treatment of CIRI.This review summarizes the molecular mechanism of MB,the protective mechanism of MB for CIRI by maintaining mitochondrial homeosta-sis,inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation after IS,and the potential therapeutic targets to improve CIRI by activating MB.It will provide new ideas for clinical treatment of CIRI.

Objective To discuss the main pathological types and imaging characteristics of pulmonary nodules that are highly suspected to be malignant in clinical practice but are pathologically confirmed to be benign. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of patients with pulmonary nodules who were initially highly suspected of malignancy but were subsequently pathologically confirmed to be benign. These patients were treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from December 2020 to April 2023. Based on the outcomes of preoperative discussions, the patients were categorized into a benign group and a suspicious malignancy group. The clinical data and imaging characteristics of both groups were compared. Results A total of 232 patients were included in the study, comprising 112 males and 120 females, with a mean age of (50.7±12.0) years. Among these, 127 patients were classified into the benign group, while 105 patients were categorized into the suspicious malignancy group. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding age, gender, symptoms, smoking history, or tumor history (P>0.05). However, significant differences were noted in nodule density, CT values, margins, shapes, and malignant signs (P＜0.05). Further analysis revealed that in the suspicious malignancy group, solid nodules were predominantly characterized by collagen nodules and fibrous tissue hyperplasia (33.3%), followed by tuberculosis (20.4%) and fungal infections (18.5%). In contrast, non-solid nodules were primarily composed of collagen nodules and fibrous tissue hyperplasia (41.2%) and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (17.7%). Conclusion Benign pulmonary nodules that are suspected to be malignant are pathologically characterized by the presence of collagen nodules, fibrous tissue hyperplasia, tuberculosis, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, and fungal infections. Radiologically, these nodules typically present as non-solid lesions and may exhibit features suggestive of malignancy, including spiculation, lobulation, cavitation, and pleural retraction.

Ischemic stroke(IS)is an acute cerebrovascular disease caused by sudden obstruction or occlusion of cerebral blood vessels,and is one of the major causes of disability and death in China.The main therapeutic goal is to restore blood flow as soon as possible after the onset of symptoms,and intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy are often adopted.However,post-thrombolysis blood recirculation is prone to lead to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury(CIRI).CIRI is a key pathological process in IS,so it is critical to find ways to mitigate CIRI.Mitochondrial biogenesis(MB)coordinates synthe-sis of new mitochondria from existing ones.When cerebral ischemia occurs,the body maintains mitochondrial homeostasis by ac-tivating MB,alleviates oxidative stress and inflammatory response,and prevents the body from further damage.Understanding the molecular mechanism of MB and its activation pathway will provide a new direction for the treatment of CIRI.This review summarizes the molecular mechanism of MB,the protective mechanism of MB for CIRI by maintaining mitochondrial homeosta-sis,inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation after IS,and the potential therapeutic targets to improve CIRI by activating MB.It will provide new ideas for clinical treatment of CIRI.