This article summarizes professor LIU Guangzhen's clinical experience in treating diabetic kidney disease （DKD） using the"four methods of unblocking collaterals". It is believed that the disease location of DKD centers around renal collaterals， with wind-damp turbidity and stasis obstructing the renal collaterals being the core pathogenesis. The four methods of unblocking collaterals are proposed to treat the disease which include expelling wind， dispelling dampness， draining turbid and dissolving stasis to unblock collaterals， and Tangshen Tongluo Formula （糖肾通络方） is designed as a basic prescription. In clinical practice， when applying the four methods of unblocking collaterals， it is necessary to adjust the treatment according to the dominance of wind， dampness， turbid， or stasis， and to flexibly choose the appropriate medication based on syndrome differentiation.

Objective:To analyze the medication law of Professor Liu Guangzhen in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN) with qi-yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome using data mining methods.Methods:From March 2023 to April 2024, the TCM outpatient prescriptions used by Professor Liu to treat DN with qi-yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were collected. The database was established by Excel 2019, and the property, taste, meridian, and use frequency of drugs were analyzed through the TCM inheritance assistance system V2.5. The Apriori algorithm in IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 was used to analyze the association rules and draw the network diagram of high-frequency drugs, and the two-step hidden tree analysis algorithm (LTM-EAST) in the Lantern 5.0 was used to establish the hidden structure model of high-frequency Chinese materia medica. The obtained hidden variables were clustered and interpreted comprehensively, and scored by Bayesian information measure (BIC).Results:A total of 314 prescriptions were included, involving 182 kinds of Chinese materia medica, with a total frequency of 9 242 times. High frequency Chinese materia medica included Astragali Radix, Saposheikovize Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma fried with wheat bran, Litchi Semen, Hedyotis diffusa willd, Benincasae Exocarpium, Mori Folium, etc. The medicinal property was mainly warm, the tastes were mainly sweet, bitter and pungent, and the meridian tropism was mainly spleen, stomach, liver and kidney meridians. The efficacy classification was mainly tonic drugs, heat-clearing drugs, water-clearing and dampness-percolating drugs, and blood circulation-activating drugs. There were 150 association rules of high-frequency Chinese materia medica, including Astragali Radix-Saposheikovize Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma fried with wheat bran-Hedyotis diffusa willd, Saposheikovize Radix-Benincasae Exocarpium, etc. A total of 15 hidden variables, 30 hidden classes and 5 comprehensive clustering models were obtained by hidden structure model analysis.Conclusions:Professor Liu's treatment of DN withqi-yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome is mainly based on tonifying qi and yin, tonifying spleen and kidney, removing dampness and turbidity and removing blood stasis. According to different conditions, the focus of medication has changed.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of different Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)by Bayesian network Meta-analysis.Methods PubMed,EMbase,Cochrane Library,CNKI,SinoMed,WanFang Data and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of BPH from inception to January 1,2023.Two researchers independently screened the literature,extracted data,and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies.Bayesian network Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 15.0 and GeMTC 14.3 software.Results A total of 51 RCTs involving 12 kinds of Chinese patent medicines and 4 927 patients were included.The results of direct Meta-analysis showed that Chinese patent medicine combined with conventional western medicine was superior to conventional western medicine alone in reducing international prostate symptom score(MD=-4.44,95％CI-5.09 to-3.79,P＜0.001),improving maximum urinary flow rate(MD=3.16,95％CI 2.71 to 3.61,P＜0.001),reducing residual urine volume(MD=-8.27,95％CI-9.62 to-6.92,P＜0.001)and prostate volume(MD=-3.89,95％CI-4.60 to-3.18,P＜0.001).The results of the network Meta-analysis showed that the Longbishu capsules combined with conventional western medicine had the best effect in reducing the international prostate symptom score.In terms of improving maximum urinary flow rate,Xialiqi capsules combined with conventional western medicine had the best effect.Zegui Longshuang capsules combined with conventional western medicine had the best effect in reducing residual urine volume.In terms of reducing prostate volume,Relinqing granules combined with conventional western medicine had the best effect.The incidence of adverse reactions in the Chinese patent medicine combined with conventional western medicine group(8.27％)was lower than that in the conventional western medicine group(11.98％).Conclusion The existing evidence shows that compared with conventional western medicine alone,Chinese patent medicine combined with conventional western medicine is better than conventional western medicine alone in improving various clinical symptoms of BPH,and has better safety.Various proprietary Chinese patent medicines have different therapeutic focuses,and individualized medication can be used according to the specific symptoms of BPH patients in clinical treatment.Limited by the quantity and quality of the included studies,the above conclusions need to be verified by more high-quality studies.