Objective: To investigate the impact of extracurricular physical activity on heart rate variability (HRV) among primary and secondary school students in Chengdu City, so ao to provide references for scientific exercise prescription. Methods: Using a convenient sampling method, 1 323 primary and secondary students were enrolled from central Chengdu who underwent physical fitness assessments at Sichuan Provincial Institute of Sports Science from September 2020 to January 2022. According to the standards of the National Physical Fitness Monitoring Center, boys and girls were divided into groups with and without extracurricular physical exercise habits. HRV was monitored using the SA-3000P device. Key HRV parameters were evaluated separately by gender, including standard deviation of normal to normal intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD), total power (TP), low frequency power (LF) and high frequency power (HF). Statistical analyses were employed by t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test and Chi square test. Results: lgSDNN, lgrMSSD, TP, LF and HF in the group without extracurricular physical exercise habit [boys:(1.67±0.13)ms, (1.59±0.20)ms, (7.34±0.73)ms 2, (6.11±0.74)ms 2, (6.05±0.87)ms 2; girls:(1.67± 0.13)ms , (1.59±0.19)ms, (7.35±0.60)ms 2, (6.06±0.69)ms 2, (6.12±0.87)ms 2] were lower than those in the group with extracurricular physical exercise habit [boys:(1.75±0.13)ms, (1.72±0.18)ms, (7.69±0.62)ms 2, (6.41±0.76)ms 2, (6.44±0.79)ms 2；girls:(1.73±0.13)ms, (1.68±0.20)ms, (7.60±0.65)ms 2, (6.26±0.86)ms 2, (6.36±0.90)ms 2] ( t =-8.24, -8.75, -6.54, -5.35 , -6.33；-5.10，-4.90，-4.47，-2.71，-2.93, all P ＜0.01). Only the group of boys without extracurricular physical exercise habits showed a decrease in lgLF/HF [0.04(-0.19,0.27)] compared to the group with extracurricular physical exercise habits [ -0.03 (-0.25,0.20)] ( Z=-2.01, P <0.05). When the score classes of autonomic nerve activity, stress index and fatigue index were compared between boys and girls groups without and with extracurricular physical exercise habits, the proportion of boys normal and above scores increased from 79.3%, 84.1%, 71.8% to 91.4%, 95.7%, 87.3%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=47.42, 63.66, 38.28); the proportion of girls normal score and above increased from 79.8%, 85.7%, 75.0% to 85.4%, 92.1%, 79.4%, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=48.31, 22.18, 22.22) (all P <0.01). Conclusion The primary and secondary school students who have the habit of extracurricular physical exercise have enhanced compliance in indicators related to HRV, showing more complex heart rate variability.

At the end of 2020, the FDA issued emergency use authorization for two mRNA vaccines（BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273）, which had provided important support in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The great success of these COVID-19 vaccines based on non-viral vectors has promoted the research and application of mRNA vaccines in the treatment of diseases such as tumors. Compared with virus-based delivery systems, non-viral carriers have significant advantages in biological safety and versatility. Therefore, non-viral vectors have become a research hotshot for mRNA tumor vaccines. In this paper, the latest research progress on lipid nanoparticles, polymers, peptides and inorganic materials were introduced. In addition, recent clinical trials of mRNA tumor vaccines were reviewed and the challenges and prospects of non-viral vectors in clinical transformation of mRNA tumor vaccines were discussed.

Objective:This meta-analysis aims to explore the most consistent changes in cortical thickness in drug-naive first-episode patients with major depressive disorder (DF-MDD).Methods:Systematic and comprehensive searches were conducted to acquire relevant literature from the PubMed and Web of Science databases for the studies published from inception to July 23, 2023, by using the keywords ("depression" OR "depressive disorder" OR "unipolar depression") AND ("cortical thickness"OR"thickness"). The SDM (signed differential mapping) software was used to perform whole-brain voxel-wise meta-analysis, heterogeneity test, and assess publication bias. Meta-regression analysis was employed to examine the impact of disease severity on cortical thickness in depression, and heterogeneity was tested, along with an assessment of publication bias.Results:Eight studies were ultimately included, encompassing 417 DF-MDD patients and 409 healthy controls. Compared to the healthy control group, DF-MDD patients exhibited significantly decreased cortical thickness in multiple brain regions, including the supplementary motor area ( Z=-2.471, P<0.000 5) and the rolandic operculum ( Z=-2.190, P<0.000 5). Further regression analysis found that the disease severity was positively correlated with the cortical thickness in the supplementary motor area ( Z=2.265, P<0.000 5) and the rolandic operculum ( Z=1.56, P<0.000 5). Additionally, the average depressive duration was positively correlated with cortical thickness in the right opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus ( Z=1.922, P<0.000 5), and negatively correlated with changes in the right midcingulate cortex ( Z=-3.035, P<0.000 5) in DF-MDD. Conclusion:DF-MDD patients exhibit reduced cortical thickness in the supplementary motor area and the operculum area during the early stages of the disease. And the observed pattern of cortical alterations is associated with both the severity and duration of the disease.

Hearing loss is a disease with complex pathogenic factors and unclear pathogenesis,which can seriously affect patient health and quality of life.There is thus a need for an animal model that can simulate human hearing loss,to allow research into the pathogenesis of hearing loss and provide a basis for its treatment.Existing classical modeling method involve drug injection,including intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin,gentamicin,mitochondrial toxin,D-galactose,furosemide and kanamycin,and neomycin,and congenital cytomegalovirus infection.Physical modeling method include noise,cervical spinal injection of sclerosing agent,ischemia reperfusion,and vasopressin injection.Other novel modeling method also exist,such as genetic modification.In this article,we review the advantages and disadvantages of the above modeling method,with the aim of providing a basis for further research on the modeling method of hearing loss.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is one of the most effective revascularization treatments for coronary heart disease. Secondary prevention strategies, which rely on antiplatelet and lipid-lowering drugs, are crucial after CABG to ensure the durability of revascularization treatment effects and prevent adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in the medium to long term. Previous research conducted by Professor Zhao Qiang's team from Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, known as the DACAB study, indicated that dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT, specifically ticagrelor+aspirin) after CABG can enhance venous graft patency. However, it remains uncertain whether DAPT can further improve the medium to long-term clinical outcomes of CABG patients. Recently, the team reported the medium to long-term follow-up results of the DACAB study, termed the DACAB-FE study, finding that DAPT administered after CABG can reduce the incidence of major cardiovascular events over five years and improve patients' medium to long-term clinical outcomes. This article will interpret the methodological highlights and significant clinical implications of the DACAB-FE study.

Hearing loss is a disease with complex pathogenic factors and unclear pathogenesis,which can seriously affect patient health and quality of life.There is thus a need for an animal model that can simulate human hearing loss,to allow research into the pathogenesis of hearing loss and provide a basis for its treatment.Existing classical modeling method involve drug injection,including intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin,gentamicin,mitochondrial toxin,D-galactose,furosemide and kanamycin,and neomycin,and congenital cytomegalovirus infection.Physical modeling method include noise,cervical spinal injection of sclerosing agent,ischemia reperfusion,and vasopressin injection.Other novel modeling method also exist,such as genetic modification.In this article,we review the advantages and disadvantages of the above modeling method,with the aim of providing a basis for further research on the modeling method of hearing loss.

Objective:This meta-analysis aims to explore the most consistent changes in cortical thickness in drug-naive first-episode patients with major depressive disorder (DF-MDD).Methods:Systematic and comprehensive searches were conducted to acquire relevant literature from the PubMed and Web of Science databases for the studies published from inception to July 23, 2023, by using the keywords ("depression" OR "depressive disorder" OR "unipolar depression") AND ("cortical thickness"OR"thickness"). The SDM (signed differential mapping) software was used to perform whole-brain voxel-wise meta-analysis, heterogeneity test, and assess publication bias. Meta-regression analysis was employed to examine the impact of disease severity on cortical thickness in depression, and heterogeneity was tested, along with an assessment of publication bias.Results:Eight studies were ultimately included, encompassing 417 DF-MDD patients and 409 healthy controls. Compared to the healthy control group, DF-MDD patients exhibited significantly decreased cortical thickness in multiple brain regions, including the supplementary motor area ( Z=-2.471, P<0.000 5) and the rolandic operculum ( Z=-2.190, P<0.000 5). Further regression analysis found that the disease severity was positively correlated with the cortical thickness in the supplementary motor area ( Z=2.265, P<0.000 5) and the rolandic operculum ( Z=1.56, P<0.000 5). Additionally, the average depressive duration was positively correlated with cortical thickness in the right opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus ( Z=1.922, P<0.000 5), and negatively correlated with changes in the right midcingulate cortex ( Z=-3.035, P<0.000 5) in DF-MDD. Conclusion:DF-MDD patients exhibit reduced cortical thickness in the supplementary motor area and the operculum area during the early stages of the disease. And the observed pattern of cortical alterations is associated with both the severity and duration of the disease.

Objective:To evaluate the left ventricular myocardial strain and mechanical synchrony in patients suspected of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI) and real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE), and to investigate the value of combined echocadiographic parameters in predication of significant coronary artery stenosis.Methods:A total of 95 patients suspected of NSTE-ACS, definitely planed to run coronary angiography (CAG) within 24-72 hours of admission were recruited in the Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of the Southern Theatre Command, PLA from December 2020 to June 2021. Regular echocardiography exam, 2D-STI and RT-3DE were performed prior to CAG.Global longitudinal peak strain (GLPS), territorial longitudinal peak strain (T RCALPS, T LADLPS, T LCXLPS) were computed by 2D-STI; the maximal difference of time to minimal systolic volume of 16-segments (Tmsv16-Dif), standard deviation of time to minimal systolic volume of 16-segment (Tmsv16-SD) and heart rate adjusted standard deviation of time to minimal systolic volume of 16-segment (Tmsv16-SD/R-R) were obtained by RT-3DE. The patients were divided into two groups according to the degree of coronary stenosis.Significant coronary artery stenosis group was defined as ≥70% of left main or any other main branch luminal narrowing ( n=53), non-significant coronary artery stenosis group was defined as <70% of luminal narrowing ( n=42). The differences of general clinical features, left ventricular strain and mechanical synchronization parameters between the two groups were compared. A binary logistic regression model was established to draw the ROC curve for predicting the severity of coronary stenosis by single and combined ultrasound parameters, and calculate the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Results:Compared with non-significant coronary artery stenosis group, GLPS were significantly reduced, while Tmsv16-SD, Tmsv16-Dif and Tmsv16-SD/R-R were significantly increased in sginificant coronary artery stenosis group (all P<0.05). The AUC of GLPS and Tmsv16-SD, Tmsv16-Dif and Tmsv16-SD/R-R for predicting significant coronary stenosis in suspected NSTE-ACS patients were 0.78, 0.69, 0.71 and 0.67, respectively. The result of joint test analysis for the dignosis of NSTE-ACS suspected significant coronary stenosis were as follows: the specificity of tandem test was 90.5%; the sensitivity of parallel test was 83.0%; the sensitivity, specificity and AUC of GLPS-Tmsv16-Dif joint index prediction test were 90.7%, 60.1% and 0.82 (95% CI=0.73-0.89) with 0.508 as Youden index. Conclusions:NSTE-ACS suspected patients with significant coronary stenosis are often accompanied by impaired left ventricular myocardial strain and mechanical dyssynchrony. A simple combination of left ventricular myocardial strain and contractility synchronization improves noninvasive prediction of high-risk coronary artery stenosis in suspected NSTE-ACS, which maybe helpful for screening patients requiring invasive examination.

In the late-breaking trials session of the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2021, which took place in November 2021, six clinical trials in cardiac surgery published their primary results. This review will look into three of them including the management of patients with moderate or less-than-moderate tricuspid regurgitation at the time of surgery for degenerative mitral regurgitation, timing of ticagrelor cessation before coronary artery bypass grafting, and long-term outcomes of ticagrelor-based antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention of coronary artery bypass grafting.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) in pancreatic cancer tissue and their association with the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. MethodsHistological specimens were collected from 125 patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent surgical resection in The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, and Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2015 to January 2018. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of L1CAM and TGFβ1 in all specimens, and the association of the expression of L1CAM and TGFβ1 with clinical indices, survival, and prognosis was analyzed. The t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups; the Cox proportional-hazards regression model was used to investigate the influencing factors for the survival of patients with pancreatic cancer; the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate the survival of patients with different expression levels of L1CAM and TGFβ1. ResultsThe high protein expression rate of L1CAM in pancreatic cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissue (75.20% vs 20.00%, χ2=76.352, P＜0.001). The high protein expression rate of TGFβ1 in pancreatic cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissue (8160% vs 23.20%, χ2=85.461, P＜0.001). The protein expression of L1CAM was positively correlated with that of TGFβ1 in pancreatic cancer (r=0.492, P＜0.001). The protein expression of L1CAM and TGFβ1 were associated with tumor size, degree of tumor differentiation, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, intravascular tumor thrombus, and perineural invasion (all P＜0.05). The patients with high protein expression of L1CAM or TGFβ1 had a significantly lower overall survival rate than those with low expression (χ2=54661 and 39597, both P＜0.001). ConclusionL1CAM and TGFβ1 proteins are highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissue and may be associated with poor prognosis by promoting lymphatic metastasis and hematogenous metastasis. L1CAM and TGFβ1 proteins play an important role in the development, progression, and metastasis of pancreatic cancer.