Objective:To explore the effects of Undaria pinnatifida polysaccharides(UPPs)on depressive-like behavior,neurotransmitter content,oxidative stress,and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis in rats treated with chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS).Methods:A rat model of depression was prepared using the CUMS method,and rats were treated with normal saline(NS)or different doses of UPPs by gavage.The general condition of the rats was observed,and depressive-like behavior was detected by the open field test(OFT),sucrose preference test(SPT),and forced swimming test(FST).The activity or levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),dopamine(DA)and norepinephrine(NE),malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide disidase(SOD)and catalase(CAT),adrenocorticotrop-ic hormore(ACTH),corticosterone(CORT)in the hippocampus or serum of rats were detected using commercial kits.Western Blot was used to detect the expression level of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor(GR)protein,and hema-toxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the tissue structure of hippocampus of rats.Results:The depressive-like behavior of rats in the UPPs medium and high dose groups was significantly improved(P＜0.05).In the UPPs high dose group,the contents of 5-HT,DA,and NE in the hippocampus of rats increased(P＜0.05),while the con-tents of MDA in both serum and hippocampus decreased(P＜0.05),and the activities of SOD and CAT increased(P＜0.05).The contents of ACTH and CORT in serum decreased(P＜0.05).In the UPPs medium dose group,the levels of hippocampal MDA and CAT,as well as serum SOD,ACTH,and CORT were improved(P＜0.05).The expression level of GR protein in the hippocampus increased(P＜0.05),and the pathological changes in the hipp-ocampal dentate gyrus were significantly improved.Conclusion:UPPs can alleviate depressive-like behavior in CUMS rats,and its mechanism may be related to increasing the content of monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus,reducing oxidative stress damage,and HPA axis hyperfunction.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to remove occlusal veneers of varied thicknesses and compositions by Er:Yag laser in vitro and analyze the interfacial microstructure between veneers and tooth that irradiated by laser, by which experimental evidence could be provided to support the non-invasive removal of occlusal veneerby laser. METHODS: Fresh mandibular premolars extracted for orthodontic requirements were collected for tooth preparation. Three kinds of ceramic materials (Vita Suprinity, Vita Mark Ⅱ, and Upcera Hyramic) were selected to fabricate occlusal veneer with different thicknesses (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm). One week later, Er:Yag laser (2.5 W and 3.5 W) was used to irradiate and remove the occlusal veneer and recorded the timespan. After the removal operation, the micro-morphologies of samples were examined by scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: Upcera Hyramic veneer failed to be removed (>20 min); the operation span at 2.5 W, Vita Suprinity (96.0 s±16.0 s) was longer than Vita MarkⅡ(84.5 s±19.5 s) in the 1.0 mm group (P<0.05), and Vita Suprinity (246.5 s±13.5 s) was longer than Vita MarkⅡ(170.0 s±14.0 s) in the 1.5 mm group (P<0.05). At 3.5 W, Vita Suprinity (381.0 s±24.0 s) was longer than Vita MarkⅡ(341.5 s±26.5 s) in the 2.0 mm group. CONCLUSIONS Increasing laser power could shorten the operation span and facilitate the removal of occlusal veneers with the same thickness and composition. The occlusal veneer was sustained when insufficient laser power was applied. With the same laser power and ceramic thickness, laser penetration could interfere with the integral of the ceramic structure when the laser interacted with the bonding layer. With the same ceramic composition and laser power, the operation span and laser power increased with the thickness of the occlusal veneer. However, the laser was incapable of removing occlusal resin veneer directly.
Lasers, Solid-State ; Materials Testing ; Dental Porcelain/chemistry* ; Ceramics/chemistry* ; Bicuspid ; Dental Veneers

Objective To apply a phantom for dose measurement in interventional therapy for pediatric vascular diseases, and calculate the effective dose (E) and conversion coefficient of dose area product (DAP) to E, and to provide a dose reference for studying radiation dose and radiation protection in children. Methods Thermoluminescent dosimeters were placed in the organs of the phantom. Low-, medium-, and high-dose groups were set for three types of vascular anomalies based on the duration of fluoroscopy. Digital subtraction angiography was used to simulate exposure conditions at different dose levels. The organ dose was measured, and the effective dose was calculated. Results For the three groups of vascular anomalies in the head and face, the red bone marrow doses were 8.15, 30.34, and 43.53 mGy, respectively, the effective doses were 12.88, 47.84, and 73.12 mSv, respectively; and the average conversion coefficient of DAP to E was 2.16. For the three groups of vascular anomalies in the trunk, the red bone marrow doses were 2.11, 15.62, and 31.21 mGy, respectively; the effective doses were 12.39, 70.56, and 134.60 mSv, respectively, and the average conversion coefficient of DAP to E was 3.03. For the three groups of vascular anomalies in the lower extremities, the red bone marrow doses were 3.58, 6.50, and 12.28 mGy, respectively, the effective doses were 3.64, 7.04, and 14.85 mSv, respectively, and the average conversion coefficient of DAP to E was 0.73. Conclusion Patient dose and DAP-to-E conversion coefficient are in the following order: vascular anomalies in the trunk > vascular anomalies in the head and face > vascular anomalies in the lower extremities. The dose data obtained can be used to estimate children’s radiation exposure.

The finite element method is a new method to study the mechanism of brain injury caused by blunt instruments. But it is not easy to be applied because of its technology barrier of time-consuming and strong professionalism. In this study, a rapid and quantitative evaluation method was investigated to analyze the craniocerebral injury induced by blunt sticks based on convolutional neural network and finite element method. The velocity curve of stick struck and the maximum principal strain of brain tissue (cerebrum, corpus callosum, cerebellum and brainstem) from the finite element simulation were used as the input and output parameters of the convolutional neural network The convolutional neural network was trained and optimized by using the 10-fold cross-validation method. The Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Goodness of Fit ( R ²) of the finally selected convolutional neural network model for the prediction of the maximum principal strain of the cerebrum were 0.084, 0.014, and 0.92, respectively. The predicted results of the maximum principal strain of the corpus callosum were 0.062, 0.007, 0.90, respectively. The predicted results of the maximum principal strain of the cerebellum and brainstem were 0.075, 0.011, and 0.94, respectively. These results show that the research and development of the deep convolutional neural network can quickly and accurately assess the local brain injury caused by the sticks blow, and have important application value for understanding the quantitative evaluation and the brain injury caused by the sticks struck. At the same time, this technology improves the computational efficiency and can provide a basis reference for transforming the current acceleration-based brain injury research into a focus on local brain injury research.
Brain ; Brain Injuries ; Computer Simulation ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Neural Networks, Computer

Insomnia symptom is one of the most common types of sleep disturbances.Apart from being a risk factor for psychiatric disorders, insomnia symptom has been found to affect the course of psychiatric disorders and increase the relapse rate of psychiatric disorders.Therefore, insomnia treatment is beneficial to mitigate the psychiatric symptoms among chronic insomnia patients, which may help prevent mental health disorders.On the other hand, insomnia treatment for psychiatric patients is conductive to reduce the harm consequence in social function, which can help improving the prognosis of psychiatric disorders.Cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a first-line treatment for chronic insomnia.This paper reviews the research progress on the efficiency of CBT-I on the psychiatric symptoms of chronic insomnia patients, as well as its application in comorbid psychiatric conditions.Findings from previous research suggested that CBT-I is effective to improve the psychiatric symptoms of insomnia patients through insomnia improvement, and it can also promote the remission of depression and anxiety symptoms, reduce the risk of substance disorder and suicide behaviors, and reduce the impairment of life quality and costs of treatment through insomnia improvement among psychiatric patients comorbid with insomnia, which indicated that CBT-I is a safe and effective treatment for insomnia symptoms in psychiatric patients.Moreover, this paper listed the contraindications and the decision-to-treat algorithm of CBT-I among psychiatric patients, as well as the CBT-I availability and adherence that limited the clinical application.More understanding of CBT-I is beneficial to provide support for a broad clinical application in mental health services.

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become a severe global burden in terms of both health and the economy. Few studies, however, have thoroughly assessed the influence of air pollution on COPD-related mortality among elderly people in developing areas in the hinterland of southwestern China. This study is the first to examine the association between short-term exposure to ambient airborne pollutants and COPD-related mortality among elderly people in the central Sichuan Basin of southwestern China. METHODS: Data on COPD-related mortality among elderly people aged 60 and older were obtained from the Population Death Information Registration and Management System (PDIRMS). Data on airborne pollutants comprised of particulate matter < 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM RESULTS: A total of 61,058 COPD-related deaths of people aged 60 and older were obtained. Controlling the influences of daily temperature and relative humidity, interquartile range (IQR) concentration increases of PM CONCLUSIONS Increased concentrations of ambient airborne pollutants composed of PM
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Air Pollutants/adverse effects* ; China/epidemiology* ; Cities/epidemiology* ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/mortality* ; Time Factors

Objective:To investigate the differences of gene expression and signal transduction pathways in large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels(BKCa) gene knockout rats and analyze the role of BKCa gene in pancreas.Methods:Three adult female BKCa knockout SD rats (BKCa knockout group) were donated by Professor Wang Wei from Department of Pathology and Physiology of Basic Medical College of Capital Medical University, and three wild type adult femal SD rats were used as wide-type group. The whole pancreas was resected and RNA was extracted. RNA transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) technology was used for sequencing and DESeq2 differentiation analysis software was used for screening differentially expressed genes between two groups, and the gene ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed. The key genes were validated by RT-PCR.Results:18 258 genes were detected by sequencing in the 2 groups. There were statistically significant differences in the expression of 348 genes screened by DESeq2, 200 of which were highly expressed in the pancreas of BKCa knockout group, and 148 of which were low-expressed. 214 differentially expressed genes enrichments were found in GO database, including 25 involved in biological process, 18 in cell components and 14 molecular functions. All 348 differentially expressed genes were found in KEGG database, 15 of which were significantly enriched in PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. RT-PCR results showed that the expression of key genes Hsp90ab1, Hsp90aa1, Foxo3a and Col1a2 in the BKCa knockout group was significantly higher than that in wide type group ( P<0.0001), while Thbs1, Pik3r1 and Ppp genes were not significantly different. Conclusions:Differentially expressed genes and related important regulatory signaling pathways were screened out between BKCa knockout SD rats and wild-type SD rats at the transcriptional level, and PI3K/Akt pathway was found to be the most enriched, providing an important clue for predicting the function of BKCa in the pancreas.

Objective:To quantitatively analyze the clinical and drug resistance feature of diarrhea of adults patients in 2016 and 2019 induced by the Escherichia coli (diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, DEC), and to reveal the difference of DEC′s epidemiological features of before and after measuring to strengthen food hygiene and safety in Beijing. Methods:A total number of 3 408 patients with food-borne adult diarrhea were received diagnosis and treatment in the intestinal clinic department of Beijing Tongren Hospital in 2016 and 2019.There were 1 926 patients in 2016 and 1 482 in 2019, respectively. The clinical information of patient were entered into the intestinal early warning system and were carefully preserved. The clinical specimens (the stool samples) were isolated and the DECs were identified by culturing. The colony of DECs was identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Five pathogenic types of Escherichia coli were classified by multiplex PCR methods. The drug-susceptibility test was performed according to the standards of the American Society for Clinical and Laboratory Standardization in 2019. The categorical data were analyzed by χ 2 test or Fisher′s exact test to verify the statistical difference. Results:A total number of 581 DECs strains were detected in 3 408 specimens. Among the subtypes of E Coli, the Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) accounted for 53.36% (310/581), and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) was detected. In 2016, the total detection rate of DEC was 14.54% (280/1 926), enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) accounted for 18.21% (51/280), and ETEC accounted for 71.79% (173/280). In 2019, the total detection rate of DEC was 20.31% (301/1 482), EAEC accounted for 41.23% (116/301), and ETEC accounted for 48.93% (137/301). Compared with 2016, the detection rate of EAEC in 2019 increased significantly (χ2=29.26, P<0.001), followed by EPEC (χ2=9.37, P=0.002), and ETEC decreased (χ2=15.43, P<0.001). Compared with other pathogenic types, EAEC can easily cause nausea(χ2=32.72, P<0.001).The red blood cells(χ2=16.44, P=0.001) or the white blood cells (χ2=26.82, P<0.001) could be easily observed in stool specimens of patients infected with enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC). The resistance rates of EIEC to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam and gentamicin were 80.95% (17/21), 66.67% (14/21) and 57.14% (12/21), respectively. Three strains of EAEC resistant to carbapenem antimicrobials were discovered in 2019 and of which two strains were resistant to ertapenem and imipenem, and the other one strain was only resistant to ertapenem. The whole genomic sequencing showed that there are multiple resistance mechanisms: including the mainly drug-resistant nodular cell differentiation family efflux pump, penicillin binding site mutation, and New Delhi metal-β-lactamase 5 production. Conclusions:The detection rate of DECs in adult patients with food-borne diarrhea is high, and the foremost subtype of DECs is ETEC. Compared with 2016, the detection rates of ETEC in clinical specimens decreased in 2019, and the detection rate of EAEC increased significantly, respectively. In 2019, a carbapenem-resistant antibacterial drug-resistant Escherichia coli strain was isolated. It is of great significance to focus on the biological characteristics and epidemiological changes of DEC.