Objective: To investigate the application of antigen avoidance pattern for compatible platelets matching. Methods: Samples from two patients with immune-mediated platelet transfusion refractoriness were screened for platelet antibodies using solid-phase red blood cell adhesion assay (SPRCA). The genotypes of HLA-A, -B loci were determined via ploymerase chain reaction sequence. The specificity of HLA class I antibodies was detected using Luminex technology. Results: Platelet antibody screening via SPRCA yielded positive results in both samples. Antibody specificity testing showed the presence of antibodies against HLA-B65, A80, B13, as well as antibodies against HLA-A11, B52, A24 respectively, with both patients exhibiting 80 kinds of positive antibodies. The antibody avoidance pattern successfully selected compatible platelets for transfusion. The bleeding symptoms of two patients were improved after compatible platelets transfusion. Conclusion: For blood stations with limited platelet gene bank resources, antibody avoidance pattern for compatible platelets matching represents an effective strategy for immune-mediated platelet transfusion refractoriness.

Objective To investigate the status of occult hepatitis B virus infection(OBI)among blood donors in Quzhou,Zhejiang,and to analyze the mutation of S region in blood donors with anti-HBc+alone and non anti-HBc+alone.Methods The OBI samples were screened by ELISA and NAT;the HBV DNA was amplified and sequenced;20 anti-HBc+alone and 25 not anti-HBc+alone samples were obtained.Results The detection rate of OBI in Quzhou was 0.10%(155/161 045),and the positive rate of anti-HBc was 74.19%(115/155).The detection rate of OBI increased with the age of blood donors(P＜0.05),but was not related to gender.The positive rate of anti-HBc+alone was 22.58%(35/155),and that of not anti-HBc alone was 51.61%(80/155).Among the 45 OBI sequencing samples,the proportion of B and C geno-type was73.33%(33/45)and 20.00%(9/45),respectively.The mutation sites of blood donors in the anti-HBc+alone group were more than those in the not anti-HBc+alone group,and the mutation rates of S114T and V168A on MHR were significantly different(P＜0.05).Conclusion The genotype of OBI infection in Quzhou is mainly type B.The mutation sites of blood donors with anti-HBc+alone are higher than those with not anti-HBc+alone,which may be more suitable as one of the OBI screening indicators.

Objective To investigate the clinical comprehensive value of finerenone in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy(DN),and to provide evidence-based medicine evidence for clinical drug decision.Methods PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane Library,WanFang Data,CNKI and health technology assessment(HTA)official website were systematically searched to collect the systematic review/Meta-analysis and pharmacoeconomic evaluation on finerenone in treatment of DN from the inception to November 31,2023.The method of rapid HTA was used to evaluate the effectiveness,safety and economic evaluation.The innovation,suitability and accessibility of finerenone were analyzed by relevant data from drug instructions,professional websites such as the National Medical Products Administration(NMPA)and Center for Drug Evaluation,NMPA.Results In terms of effectiveness,finerenone significantly reduced the risk of the renal composite events and composite cardiovascular outcomes in DN compared with placebo and traditional mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist(MRA).In terms of safety,the incidence of adverse reactions and acute kidney injury of finerenone was similar to that of placebo and traditional MRA,but the incidence of hyperkalemia was higher than that of placebo.In terms of economy,two foreign HTA reports showed that finerenone was more economical than standard treatment.In terms of innovation,finerenone was the world's first approved non-steroidal,selective MRA innovative drug for the treatment of type 2 DN,making its efficacy and adverse reactions more advantageous.In terms of suitability,finerenone should only be taken once a day,which had good suitability in pharmaceutical properties and clinical use.In terms of accessibility,the domestic price of finerenone was lower than the international price,and it was included in the medical insurance,and the market coverage was high,it had a good affordability and availability.Conclusion Finerenone has good effectiveness and safety in the treatment of DN,but attention should be paid to the risk of hyperkalemia,and its economy requires further economic research in China.As the world's first approved non-steroidal,selective MRA innovative drug,finerenone has better innovation,suitability and accessibility.

In the online teaching of Biochemistry course, a variety of network resource platforms (such as Zhihuishu learning network, teleconference, WeChat, QQ, etc) were used to establish a learning community. The teaching content and teaching plan were carefully designed and implemented, enriching the knowledge system of the learning community. And then blending teaching was performed through the combination of live broadcasting and online interaction. In addition to teaching students the basic knowledge of biochemistry, it is also combined with clinical cases and life examples to interact and discuss with students in various forms, giving full play to the advantages of learning community and improving the quality and effect of online learning.

Once pulp necrosis or apical periodontitis occurs on immature teeth, the weak root and open root apex are challenging to clinicians. Berberine (BBR) is a potential medicine for bone disorders, therefore, we proposed to apply BBR in root canals to enhance root repair in immature teeth. An in vivo model of immature teeth with apical periodontitis was established in rats, and root canals were filled with BBR, calcium hydroxide or sterilized saline for 3 weeks. The shape of the roots was analyzed by micro-computed tomography and histological staining. In vitro, BBR was introduced into stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs). Osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from apical papilla was investigated by alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization ability, and gene expression of osteogenic makers. The signaling pathway, which regulated the osteogenesis of SCAPs was evaluated by quantitative real time PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence. In rats treated with BBR, more tissue was formed, with longer roots, thicker root walls, and smaller apex diameters. In addition, we found that BBR promoted SCAPs osteogenesis in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. BBR induced the expression of β-catenin and enhanced β-catenin entering into the nucleus, to up-regulate more runt-related nuclear factor 2 downstream. BBR enhanced root repair in immature teeth with apical periodontitis by activating the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in SCAPs.
Animals ; Berberine ; pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Dental Papilla ; Male ; Osteogenesis ; drug effects ; Periapical Periodontitis ; therapy ; Rats ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; drug effects ; Wnt3A Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; X-Ray Microtomography

Homoeostasis depends on the close connection and intimate molecular exchange between extracellular, intracellular and intercellular networks. Intercellular communication is largely mediated by gap junctions (GJs), a type of specialized membrane contact composed of variable number of channels that enable direct communication between cells by allowing small molecules to pass directly into the cytoplasm of neighbouring cells. Although considerable evidence indicates that gap junctions contribute to the functions of many organs, such as the bone, intestine, kidney, heart, brain and nerve, less is known about their role in oral development and disease. In this review, the current progress in understanding the background of connexins and the functions of gap junctions in oral development and diseases is discussed. The homoeostasis of tooth and periodontal tissues, normal tooth and maxillofacial development, saliva secretion and the integrity of the oral mucosa depend on the proper function of gap junctions. Knowledge of this pattern of cell-cell communication is required for a better understanding of oral diseases. With the ever-increasing understanding of connexins in oral diseases, therapeutic strategies could be developed to target these membrane channels in various oral diseases and maxillofacial dysplasia.
Bone and Bones ; Cell Communication ; Connexins ; metabolism ; physiology ; Gap Junctions ; metabolism ; pathology ; Homeostasis ; physiology ; Humans ; Mouth Diseases ; Phosphorylation

Bone remodelling keeps going through the lifespan of human by bone formation and bone resorption. In the craniofacial region, mandibles act as the main force for biting and chewing, and also become susceptible to a common bone-loss disease, namely, apical periodontitis, once infected dental pulp is not treated timely, during which bone resorption occurs from the apical foramen to the apical bone area. Although conventional root canal treatment (RCT) can remove the most of the infection, chronical apical periodontitis due to incomplete removal of dental pulp and subsequent microleakage will become refractory and more challenging, and this process has scarcely been specifically studied as a bone remodelling issue in rat models. Therefore, to study chronical and refractory apical periodontitis owing to incomplete cleaning of infected dental pulp and microleackage in vivo, we establish a modified rat model of gradually progressive apical periodontitis by sealing residual necrotic dental pulp and introducing limited saliva, which simulates gradually progressive apical periodontitis, as observed in the clinical treatment of chronical and refractory apical periodontitis. We show that bone-loss is inevitable and progressive in this case of apical periodontitis, which confirms again that complete and sound root canal treatment is crucial to halt the progression of chronical and refractory apical periodontitis and promote bone formation. Interestingly, bone remodelling was enhanced at the initial stage of apical periodontitis in this model while reduced with a high osteoblast number afterwards, as shown by the time course study of the modified model. Suggesting that the pathological apical microenvironment reserve its hard tissue formation ability to some degree but in a disturbed manner. Hopefully, our findings can provide insights for future bone regenerative treatment for apical periodontitis-associated bone loss.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of 1,2-dichloroethane(1,2-DCE) acute inhalation exposure on the differential gene expression of phase Ⅰ metabolic enzymes. METHODS: The specific pathogen free SD rats were randomly divided into control group(16 rats), low-and high-dose groups(24 rats in each group, half males and half females). Low-and high-dose group were given daily 600, 1 800 mg/m~(3 ) of 1,2-DCE, and the control group given the fresh air by dynamic inhalation for 8 hours per day for consecutive 7 days. After the end of exposure, the relative mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 2 E1(CYP2 E1), alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH1) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 3 alpha 1(ALDH3α1) in the liver tissue was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The relative expression of CYP2 E1 in male high-dose group was higher than that in male low-dose group and female high-dose group(P<0.05). The relative expression of ADH1 in male low-and high-dose groups was higher than that in male control group(P<0.05). The relative expression of ADH1 in male high-dose group was higher than that in male low-dose group and female high-dose group(P<0.05). The relative expression of ALDH3α1 in high-dose group was higher than that in control group and low-dose group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: High dose 1,2-DCE could increase the gene expression of phase Ⅰ metabolic enzymes in rat liver. The 1,2-DCE has more obvious effect in male rats than in female rats.

Objective To investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics of the Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from blood and sputum samples of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in ICU.Methods The patients were analyzed in two groups:Group A,A.baumannii was isolated from both blood and sputum,and Group B,A.baumannii was isolated only from sputum.Clinical data of the patients were collected,including the results of antimicrobial susceptibility test.Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were performed for the strains.Results During the study period from June 2015 to December 2105,28 nonduplicate A.baumannii strains were collected from 14 patients in group A and 28 nonduplicate strains from 28 patients in group B.The 56 A.baumannii strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR).More than 80％ of the strains were resistant to carbapenem,third-generation cephalosporins or aminoglycoside,but highly sensitive to tigecycline.No significant difference was found for the resistance rates between group A and group B.The nonduplicate A.baumannii isolates from blood and sputum samples of the same patient in group A were all homologous strains confirmed by PFGE.Six pulsotypes were identified from the 28 strains in Group A and 9 pulsotypes in Group B.Five pulsotypes were shared between the two groups.MLST analysis showed that there were 9 ST types (ST195,ST208,ST229,ST369,ST373,ST457,ST836 and two new phenotypes ST N2,ST N5) in Group A and 8 ST types (ST195,ST208,ST381 and 5 new phenotypes ST N1,ST N2,ST N3,ST N4,ST N5) strains in group B.There was no significant difference in the proportion of the main ST types between the two groups.eBURST analysis indicated that ST195,ST208,ST457,ST369,ST N1,ST N2,ST N51 belonged to CC92 prevalent strain.Conclusions The antimicrobial susceptibility profile and genotype of A.baumannii isolates from blood and sputum samples are similar.There was CC92 prevalent strain in the ward.There is no direct relation between the risk factors for bloodstream infection in VAP patients and the genotype of A.baumannii strain.It is particularly important to reinforce infection control for prevention and treatment ofA.baumannii bloodstream infections.

Objective To synthesize novel gold nanoparticles of GAL-PEG-GNPs,study its radiation effect on hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2 cells in vitro,and investigate the underlying mechanisms.Methods GAL-PEG-GNPs were synthesized and characterized successfully.HepG2 cells were divided into three groups of control,GNPs and GAL-PEG-GNPs.The cytotoxicities of these compounds were tested by the CCK-8 assay and their IC50 values of HepG2 cells were calculated.Cell uptake of nanoparticles was detected by TEM and ICP-MS.The radiosensitization effect of nanoparticles was tested by the colony formation assay.Cell cycle distribution was detected by FCM.The expressions of CAT,SOD,and total GSH were detected with a microplate reader,and the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins were tested by Western blot.Results The GNPs and GAL-PEG-GNPs had absorption peaks at 520 and 530 nm,respectively,and their diameters were (22.6-±2.12) and (32.0 ± 1.41) nm detected by ICP-MS.The GAL-PEG-GNPs and GNPs had similar cytotoxicity profiles (P ＞ 0.05),while GAL-PEG-GNPs could be more effectively uptaken by HepG2 cells than GNPs.The sensitive enhancement ratio (SER) of GNPs and GAL-PEG-GNPs to HepG2 cells were 1.46 和 1.95,respectively.The percentage of cells at phase of G2/M in HepG2 population treated with GNP was higher than that of untreated cells (t =14.20,P ＜0.05).The protein expressions of Cytochrome C,Bax,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9 were upregulated while Bcl-2 expression was down-regulated in the cells treated with GNPs/radiation or GAL-PEGGNPs/radiation.The expressions of CAT,SOD and total GSH in the GNP treated groups were significantly decreased compared with the control group(t =12.34,29.39,12.85,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions GALPEG-GNPs has obvious radiosensitization effect on HepG2 cells,which is related to the induction of cell apoptosis and the generation of free radicals.